The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1270-1292

<plain_text><page sequence="1">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 R. R. MUNDILL Introduction Medieval Anglo-Jewry posed many different problems for the successive govern? ments of 12th- and 13th-century England. One response was to create the Scac carium Judeorum, or 'Exchequer of the Jews' - a Department for Jewish Affairs.1 It is to this department that historians owe the wealth of available information about medieval Anglo-Jews. It has left behind at least a mile of sheep's membranes bearing, in scribal shorthand, minutiae about Jewish life of the period. At first, it seems, the Scaccarium Judeorum kept its records on the Pipe Roll of the King's Main Exchequer.2 However, it soon developed its own specific, specialized records on the day-to-day running of the King's Jewries. Historians have worked on these records for over a century, but perhaps because they are so specific they have been mesmerized by them and slightly constricted in their approach to the history of medieval Anglo-Jewry. The survival of the Jewish Plea Rolls from 1219 to 1287 has allowed us to observe the workings of the two Justices of the Jews and the lives of the Jews who colonized 13th-century England.3 The survival of the Jewish Receipt Rolls allows us to examine the Crown's income from its Jewish subjects.4 The accounts of the Domus Conversorum have left a stretch of records that enables us to chart the history of the House for over six centuries.5 The records of the King's Remem? brancer, an official of the King's own Great Exchequer, trace in detail the Dis? solution of the Jewries, and form what amounts to a Valor Judaismus, containing details of over a thousand bonds deposited in the archae in 1290 and the property held in fee by Jews just before the Expulsion.6 The bulk of what is known about medieval Anglo-Jewry is naturally drawn from these specifically Jewish records. Without such records historians would have been condemned to working from far more fragmentary evidence in order to build a history of the first Anglo-Jewish community. However, references to Jews and Jewish affairs pervaded all governmental records, since pre-expulsion Anglo-Jewry was a well-established feature of medieval society. Because of the medieval Jews' importance to the government and officialdom in general, reference to Jewish affairs can be found on many other major governmental records, such as the Pipe Rolls, Chancellor's Rolls, the Close Rolls, the Patent Rolls, the Fine Rolls, the Justices Rolls, the Forest Rolls, the Hundred Rolls, the Miscellanea of the 25</page><page sequence="2">R. R. Mundill Chancery, Ancient Deeds and Ancient Petitions. Outside the scope of the Public Record Office collections, references of a specific Jewish nature can be found among the Westminster Abbey Muniments and the British Library. It is far too easy to forget that on a local level incidental references to Jewish affairs can be found and sifted, admittedly with great difficulty, on many local records such as Manorial Court Rolls, Bailiffs Accounts, Cartularies and the odd survivals of deeds and bonds. All of these records are, of course, evidence of what the Jewish community did or how it was treated, not of how the government directly ran Jewish affairs. The historical evidence and history of medieval Anglo-Jewry is therefore reasonably easily containable, and the Jewish Historical Society bound itself a long time ago to the publication of such records in order to complete that history.7 It is natural that the specifically Jewish governmental records should come first, and the Society is now moving towards completion of the Jewish Plea Rolls. But what of the references to Jewish life which are not on specifically Jewish records? The government did much towards the publication of its own records, and for the whole of the 13th century the Patent, Close and Fine Rolls are printed and contain many references to Jewish affairs. The Pipe Roll Society has naturally taken care of printing the Pipe Rolls, which also contain references to Jewish affairs. Z. E. Rokeah has carried out a multitude of work on the unedited and unprinted Chancellor's Rolls, as well as the Justices Rolls, to quarry out and record the history of medieval Anglo-Jewry.8 B. L. Abrahams published over a century ago the results of his work on the Valor Judaismus.9 M. Adler has written the history of the Domus Conversorum.10 Cecil Roth and Vivian Lipman carried out an enormous amount of work on all of the records, particularly V. D. Lipman who worked extensively on the Westminster Abbey Muniments.11 In order to complement and perhaps to allow further work and research, it is hoped that a return to the main arteries of central governmental records might reveal something of the life of medieval Anglo-Jewry, and how the government directly ran Jewish affairs. In the 13th century the Close and the Patent Rolls were the two main arteries of government. In 1903 Miss Ada Corcos extracted the entries relating to medieval Anglo-Jewry from the Calendar of Close Rolls for the years 1279-88, during Edward IVreign, and published these in Transactions (volume IV). This was followed by another article in 1925 which was prefaced by Canon Stokes and dealt with the relevant entries on the Close Roll for the period 1289-1368, during Edward I's and Edward IPs reigns. Stokes provided a very small preface, as the entries had been found by Dr I. Abrahams who died before publication. The extracts were taken from the governmental publications of the Close Rolls with the permission of the Controller of His Majesty's Stationery Office. What both of these articles achieved was an easy reference to Jewish affairs, and governmental attitudes towards Jews. However, the greatest achievement was that these entries were now available for the 26</page><page sequence="3">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 first time in chronological order, rather than having to trust to cross-referencing among a plethora of governmental business not primarily concerned with the medieval Anglo-Jews but with the smooth running of the country.11 In an attempt to match and complement the work already completed by Corcos and Stokes, similar work has been carried out on the Patent Rolls from 1272 to 1292. The Rolls themselves cover the reign of Edward until two years after the Dissolution of the Jewries. They cover the period of the Statutum de Judeismo of 1275; the coin-clipping investigations and allegations of 1278-9; the general pogrom of 1279 as well as the aftermath and the subsequent confiscation and redistribution of Jewish property; the period of the actual Expulsion and the final Dissolution of the Jewries after November 1290. It is hoped that such a study will reveal more of how the central government ran Jewish affairs.12 The Close Rolls, or Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, were the responsibility of the King's Chancellor. During the reign of Edward I this position was held by Robert Burnell, the Bishop of Bath and Wells. The Chancellor, in theory, was the king's principal secretary and confidential adviser. He was mainly an executive with responsibility for making the king's orders clear to whomever the king comman? ded. The Chancellor did this by issuing Litterarum Clausarum, or closed letters, which would then be sealed with the Great Seal. To the recipient these were orders to be acted upon. The rolls recorded these orders, as well as the deeds or important writings of people close to the Chancellor. Indeed, Burnell used the rolls to record debts owed to himself as well as to many other Christians who had access to the Chancery.13 The Patent Rolls, or Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, were again the responsibility of the Chancellor, but were records of a public or open nature and contained licences, grants, confirmations of liberties, offices, privileges and charters. To the recipient they were his proof of royal approval and permission. Both the actual rolls, and the scribes who were engaged to certify and draw up the different types of letters or orders, travelled with the king, so the entries always open with the place in which the king was staying followed by the date on which the entry was enrolled. Often the need for a direct order might necessitate not only a closed letter giving an order, but also an open letter to give the recipient proof of the king's wishes. Such was the case in January 1280, when Edward was staying in Winchester (106).14 On the Patent Roll a grant was made to Hugh the son of Otto of the custody of the manor of Chilwarton, which had formerly been in the hands of Benedict of Winchester, and on the Close Roll an order was sent to the Sheriff of Hampshire to this effect.15 Thus, where a letter patent needed a direct order to an official in order to bring about the licence, gift, appointment or other action stated in the letter patent, a record of a letter close to an official might appear on the Close Roll. As often as not business recorded on the two rolls does not overlap. The Close Roll tends to contain details of direct orders and how they are to be carried out, as 27</page><page sequence="4">R. R. Mundill well as occasional matters of particular interest to the Chancellor which he wished to be recorded. The Patent Roll tends to contain the king's direct wishes and desires. Of these two main governmental arteries, the Patent Roll would be more likely to reveal attitudes towards Jews, while the Close Roll would show specific orders to officials on how to deal with them. Before proceeding to a discussion of the business contained on the Patent Roll, it is necessary to consider briefly some of the personalities involved with Jewish affairs during the period between 1272 and 1292. Discussion of governmental business naturally brings us into contact with the Christians who carried out governmental legislation and who came into close contact with the Jewish community and Jewish affairs. The royal family was acutely aware of its Jewish subjects, and the Queen Mother seems to have been particularly anti-Jewish, as in 1275 she secured a patent to banish them from her dower towns.16 Eleanor, the Queen Consort, had her 'own'Jew under her protec? tion, and seems to have made vast profits from her dealings in the Jewry. By buying up debts which were owed to Jews she secured a large amount of valuable land at cheap prices. She was even later rebuked for this by Peckham, the Arch? bishop of Canterbury.17 Another member of the royal family had close connec? tions with one of the richest members of the Jewish community. Edmund of Germany, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Lancaster and the king's brother, 'owned' Aaron the son of Vives, and from the evidence of the grants and licences on the Patent Roll protected him admirably. It is not known what function or service Aaron had to perform in return for his royal patronage. Clearly the royal family's connections with Jews brought close contacts also with the royal household. William de Luda, Keeper of the Wardrobe, and Matthew de Columbariis, the King's Chamberlain, received rewards of confiscated lands from Jews, or even tried at times to profit themselves from inside knowledge of Jewish debts. Other officials were coopted from their jobs within the central administra? tion to deal with Jewish problems such as assessing and collecting tallages. This involved men like John de Cobham, Baron of the Exchequer, Roger de North wode, Baron of the Exchequer, and Ralph de Sandwich, Steward of the King's Demesnes north of the Trent. Men with experience of Jewish affairs were often called on to carry out specific tasks; one such example is Henry de Bray, King's Clerk, former Justice of the Jews and Bailiff of Gwent. Other officials connected with Jewish affairs were both the Justices of the Scaccarium Judaeorum, and the other royal Justices who dealt with royal inquiries around the country. Among those directly involved with the Scaccarium Judaeorum were Thomas Le Esperun, who had been Justice of the Jews in 1259, H?mo Hauteyn, Justice of the Jews, and Robert de Ludham, between 1279 and 1284 Assize judge in Norfolk and Justice of the Jews.18 Similarly, those who worked as civil servants within the Scaccarium Judaeorum, such as Adam of Winchester, Keeper of Rolls and writs of the Jews, who was 28</page><page sequence="5">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 appointed in 1266, and William de Middleton, King's Clerk, who held the same position from 1265 to 1276, would have had a good knowledge of the Jewish communities of England and their dealings. Others were employed to do specific work within the Scaccarium Judaeorum, like Hugh of Kendal, a Chancery Clerk on release to the Scaccarium Judaeorum for the 1270 inquiries, and later the organizing force behind the Dissolution of the Jewries.19 Other members of the King's Government who had dealings with Jews through the nature of their work were obviously those who finally received payments from taxes on the Jews, such as Stephen de Foleburn, Prior and Treasurer of the Hospital of St John, London in 1275, Joseph de Chauncy, Prior and then Master of the Hospital of St John and the King's Treasurer, Anthony Bek, Clerk of the Household, Archdeacon of Durham and Keeper of the Wardrobe from 1274, and his brother Thomas Bek, Keeper of the Wardrobe and Archdeacon of Dorset. Justices were often called on to form commissions or to inquire into various matters, as well as to act as investigators of the coin-clipping allegations of 1279. These included men like Philip de Willoughby, King's Clerk, Escheator north of the Trent, and John de Lovetot, Escheator south of the Trent, King's Clerk and Justice of the Bench, Walter de Helyun, Justice of the Bench, William de Brayboeuf, Justice, Robert de Tybotot, Justice of west Wales, and Salomon de Roffa, Justice. Other officials came into contact with Jews because they had Jewish subjects within their jurisdiction, or because their work involved liaison with Jews. Such a man was Giles de Audenarde, Keeper or Governor of the Tower of London, who acted as gaoler for many unfortunate Jews who did not manage to pay the tallage demands.20 Gregory de Rokesle, Chamberlain of London and then Mayor from 1275, and Bartholomew de Castello, Keeper of the Exchange at London and Clerk of London, seem to have had much to do with Jewish affairs and in particular with the London archa.21 The entries are naturally full of orders to officials affecting the lives of those in the Jewish community. Most officials must have known the community and the way it worked, and as will be seen it was governed extremely efficiently. It is now time to consider the type of business to be found on the Patent Roll in more detail. Licences In general, licences were granted to Jews to sell either their debts or their houses. Licence to sell houses Licences granting royal permission to sell houses reveal that Jews held properties in the centres of many major towns and that Edward was particularly interested in what land the Jewish community held. He had been partially responsible for legislation in 1271 which forbade Jews to hold land on a freehold basis, and restricted them to renting out to Jews rather than to Christians 29</page><page sequence="6">R. R. Mundill any other properties they had acquired. He had also stopped them from acquiring further properties.22 Naturally, according to the law, Jewish properly tended to be in the archa towns; yet because these towns were also often the major market towns or county centres, the Crown was interested in keeping its own foothold in these areas of commerce. As Jews were under the direct jurisdiction of the Crown, anything they held was the Crown's property, and Edward thus had a vested interest.23 His particular concern was that such properties should not pass into hands which deprived him of his feudal rights on the death of a tenant, in other words, that according to the terminology of the time the land should not be alienated in mortmain. Many of the licences dealing with Jewish property reflect the urban property market of the time and Edward's concern to keep his finger on the pulse of the urban land market. In many towns Jews had acquired land, and it seems that when such prime properties came on the market they were eagerly snapped up. The licences recorded on the Patent Rolls reveal many properties being trans? ferred or sold in London. Aaron de la Reye was granted a licence to sell his houses and rents in Candlewick Street (now Canon Street) in the Parish of St Clement in 1274, specifically so that he might meet a tallage payment (5). Other entries (93, 98, 133, 143) reveal Jews being granted licences to sell their houses in different areas of London, such as Bassingshaw in the Parish of St Michael's (93, 143) or Colechurchlane (133) next to the Friars of the Penance. Another entry shows properly in Woodstreet near the burial place of the Jews (173).24 Other licences reveal Jewish properties in Cattestrete in the Parish of St Lawrence (201, 202),25 while Cok Hagin (Eleanor's Jew) was given a licence to sell his houses in London without their whereabouts being specified (209). Some of the licences reveal that at least one Jew held land south of the river in Southwark (147). A similar concern for ex-Jewish or Jewish-held properties being transferred can be seen in provincial towns. Jewish property in Colchester, in the Parish of St Rumswald, was disposed of by a licence in order to meet tallage requirements in 1274, and in the same licence property in Cambridge was also to be sold off in the parish of St Sepulchre's (4).26 Again, for the purpose of paying off debts permis? sion was given to sell property in Worcester (103). Property in the parish of St Andrews was also disposed of in 1283 (162). In Winchester, a solar was sold to the King's Serjeant Ralph le Sauser in 1280 (114). In the same year, Isaac of South? wark, who held property in Southwark (147), was allowed to sell his property in Shortenstrete in Winchester (119).27 Several properties at various times in York were allowed to be sold, most of them appearing to have been in the parish of St Martin's and in Coneystreet (116, 121, 125, 140).28 Similarly, properties in the centre of Oxford, in 'the great street of the King's Jewry' (122), in the parish of St Aldate's (135) in 'the Little Jewry' (145), and in the parish of All Saints in 'La Boucherie' (152), were sold by licence of the Crown.29 In Norwich two licences were given to sell properly in Mancroft in the Parish of St Peter (126, 127).30 In 30</page><page sequence="7">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 Bedford a rented property was sold in mortmain to the Prior of Newenham in 1285 (171). In Lincoln, in St Cuthbert's parish, permission was given to sell a messuage in fee simple in 1285 (179).31 In Canterbury the property of Master Elias Baggard was sold by licence (183). In July 1290, Edmund's Jew, Aaron fil Vives, was given a special licence to sell any of his properties in the City of London and elsewhere. It is known that he had property in Canterbury (206).32 Licence to sell debts Any Jewish financial transaction was transferable, for instance to pay taxes or to turn debts into liquid cash, and often Jewish debts would end up in the Royal Treasury as part payments for tallage. A bond between a Christian and a Jew had literally become a bearer bond and could be bought and sold on the open market. Naturally, the final payment of a debt secured a quitclaim, but a bond might change hands several times, and if the original debt had no hope of being realized, then a new price tag could be put on the transaction, the creditor being only too willing to write off his debt for instant cash. Many Jews bought up debts, and it appears that Christians also dabbled in Jewish debts in the hope that they might be able to gain more than their purchase price from the original Jewish creditor. Where a debt had a security, it might be this that attracted the new owner of the debt to buy. An open market for Jewish debts provided a convenient way of making speculative acquisitions of securities which might appreciate, or which would give new owners access to securities or influence over individuals. It is interesting that many of the officials who must have known of debts or Jews who were willing to sell debts, managed to obtain licences from the king to buy them. It was due to such acquisitions that the queen was accused by Peckham of being drawn into the 'whirlpools of usury'. Even the most pious were not averse to dabbling in Jewish debts: the Chancellor himself, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, frequently did so.33 Legislation in 1269 specifically aimed to regulate the market in Jewish debts, probably because once Jewish debts reached Christian hands they were difficult to keep track of. The legislation declared that no Jew might sell his debt without licence from the king. It protected the debtor by stating that the Christian who now held the debt by licence, should 'have no more than the king would have if it were in his hand'. The new owner of the debt was allowed to have 'the chattel which is in the charter without interest'. Presumably debts could be bought cheaply, rather than the purchaser buying at a great loss. It can only be assumed that the original creditor would sustain a loss on his original loan investment, but the very fact that he had sold the debt showed he was satisfied with having the cash paid for the market price of the original loan agreement.34 It is perhaps significant that those involved in buying Jewish debts often worked in an official capacity for the Crown, and could perhaps spot a bargain. There must have been various reasons for any individual to buy a specific debt. Those who were granted licences include Christians who were also involved in transac 3i</page><page sequence="8">R. R. Mundill tions with other Christians. The Chancellor and Master Thomas of Wainfleet can be identified as being considerably involved in making recognisances with Christians on the Close Roll.35 Several licences actually acknowledge that they were given in accordance with the Statute of King Henry - a reference to the 1269 legislation. Thus, Christian purchasers were not allowed to take interest, but the debt might give them some sway over the affairs of the debtor, or perhaps were purchased at a generous discount from which they might eventually make profit. In 1275 the Bishop of Bath and Wells bought debts amounting to ?35 from Jews (21), and in the following year bought another debt of ?20 (40). In 1275 Thomas of Wainfleet bought all the debts of Richard le Bret, of Wrangle in Lincolnshire, which were owed to Isaac fil Benedict Gabbay (15); and in 1276 he increased his holdings by buying further Jewish debts (39, 54).36 One of the King's Clerks, Thomas de Guness, bought a debt of ?47 which was owed to three Jews (24). Giles de Audenarde bought a debt of ?24 in 1281 (128). In 1284 Master Henry of Braunteston, King's Clerk and Archdeacon of Dorset, bought a debt of ?100 owed by Hugh Duket of Lincolnshire to Benedict of London (166).37 Many other Christians bought up Jewish debts, some from single Jewish creditors and some from what appear to have been consortia (42, 46, 63, 132). In 1283 me Earl of Gloucester bought up all the debts between James Mascereb and Moses of Clare (160). Conversely, Master Elias Menahem was given permission to sell debts to the tune of ?500 (123). The testimony of the Patent Rolls therefore reveals a fair degree of buying and selling of Jewish debts, and of 'insider trading' in them, which extended beyond the queen, who was already notorious by the 1280s for using the Jews and their affairs for personal aggrandizement. Licence to trade in accordance with the Statute One such licence was issued. The Statute referred to is clearly the Statutum dejudeismo which in 1275 tried to make the Jews legales mercatores (lawful merchants). It is perhaps significant that a special licence was granted to two influential York Jews and that it also allows for the sheriff to distrain their debtors for them (72).38 Grants Grants were made to individuals for many different reasons. The first entry was a grant of 2000 marks to Edmund of Germany. It appears that Edward's government in his absence was repaying a debt that had been made in Henry's reign and were using the money from the Jewry to complete this repayment (1). Anthony Bek, the Keeper of the Wardrobe, was granted all the debts owed by the Abbey of Foun? tains to the Jews (11). Special grants could also be made about where the Jews were to live. In 1275 an unusual concession was made to Eleanor of Provence, the Queen Mother. Hence? forth no Jew was to live in any of the towns which she held in dower (13). The contents of this letter patent has been preserved on the Jewish Plea Roll and it 32</page><page sequence="9">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 shows that Eleanor's dower towns were to be cleared of Jewish residents. The Jews of Marlborough were to go to Devizes, those of Gloucester to Bristol, those of Worcester to Hereford and those of Cambridge to Norwich. The letter patent, which was recorded in full on the Jewish Plea Roll, has long since been destroyed, but it is interesting to note that it was dated 16 January 1275 and sent from Clarendon; whereas the entry on the actual Patent Roll was made on 12 January 1275 and recorded at Ramsbury.39 Despite the discrepancy of the date of issue, the deportations took place and the former properties in Marlborough were not disposed of until 1281 (see below [13] and for Marlborough properties entry [129]). Special grants were given for the running of Jewish affairs in Oxford. The first, in 1276, was made at the instance of the Oxford Jews themselves and returned the jurisdiction of the Oxford Jewry to the Sheriff of Oxford from the Mayor of Oxford (58). The second concerned the borrowings of the students of Oxford and gave the Chancellor the power to know of any dealings between students and Jews and put the regulation and judgements about these transactions under ecclesiasti? cal jurisdiction (192).40 A special immunity was also on occasion granted. In 1277 Bonamy and Isaac of Bordeaux and their families were allowed to be quit of all financial demands on them for a payment of ?13 6s 8d and were allowed to dwell where they pleased. In the same year, Elias son of Benedict of London, another Jew of Bordeaux, was granted the same rights for an annual payment of 13s ^d (62, 66). Grants were made, after the 1275 Statute, for various Jews to be allowed to trade according to the letter of the Statute. By these grants three prominent London Jews - Master Elias son of Master Moses, Cresse his son and Aaron son of Vives - were allowed to carry on their lawful trades with the added royal wish that their debtors be distrained if they failed to pay up. Similarly, Benedict of Winchester also received letters to this effect (67, 69).41 The problems of buying, selling and transferring Jewish debts have been dis? cussed above, and in order to protect the new owner the Crown had to issue several grants to this effect. In 1277 Hugh fil Otto had received the mortgaged manor of Iselehamstede, in Buckinghamshire, from Stephen de Chendut, but a grant made it clear that he was not to be responsible for any debts which used the manor as security, before Christmas 1277. In 1279 Eleanor granted former Jewish-owned buildings in York to two leading citizens. When the formal con? firmation of this royal grant was made by enrolment on the Patent Roll the recipients were also granted immunity from any monies owing on the property before it came into their hands. A similar arrangement was made for Henry Oweyn, an Oxford burgess, on lands granted to him by the queen (71, 100, 101).42 Special grants were made to local officials for the upkeep of bridges, and it appears that there was a special toll on Jews who had cause to use bridges as they travelled round the countryside. Pontage, including payments from Jews, was 33</page><page sequence="10">R. R. Mundill granted for three years in 1279 to the keepers of Huntingdon bridge. Every Jew or Jewess who used the bridge was to pay 1 d if they were on horseback or id if they were on foot. A similar grant was made to the Sheriff of Shropshire on Jews who used Montford bridge between 1284 and 1289. The rate on Montford bridge was the same as that at Huntingdon (95, 165).43 Jewish debts could be granted at the royal whim as reward or payment. This method of transferring debts often caused problems and needed to be noted very carefully. In 1280 Ralph le Sauser, King's Sergeant, was given the custody of the lands and heirs of John Loveraz, including the rights of marriage while the heirs were minors. It is unclear why this gift had been made, but Ralph was also granted all the debts which Richard de Carderville owed Deudone, a Jew of Winchester, who had recendy been hanged, and also the security which Deudone had had on Richard's lands (105). In 1280 Eleanor had received the debts which Gilbert Pecche owed Aaron the son of Vives, and in return Aaron was to receive, as compensation, debts amounting to the same value from the King's Jewry (107, 108). Edmund, the king's brother, was given the right to collect any of the debts owing to Aaron son of Vives, his Jew, anywhere in the country (154). It was a royal right to bestow the office of Arch-Presbyter on a Jew. In 1281 this position became vacant and at the instance of Eleanor the Queen it was granted to Hagin fil Deulecresse.44 Eleanor, the Queen Consort, had close links with Jewish affairs, which increased her income; and holdings and two grants exist which gave her properly in London (33, 34).45 Grants were made of Jewish property that came into Crown hands by confisca? tion; again Eleanor did well out of these windfalls. A manor, formerly in the hands of Benedict fil Licoricia, was granted to Hugh son of Otto (106). Aaron Crespyn's houses in Cattestrete in London were granted to Mathew de Columbariis (124). Eleanor, the Queen Consort, was given permission to claim all the property of condemned Jews which had been collected by Bek and Helyun, as well as all the silver and money confiscated during the coin-clipping investigations (155). The Prior of Newenham was given a grant of property in St Pauls, Bedford, which had belonged to Jacob the son of Peytevin (175). John of Waltham was granted land in Southwark which belonged to the deceased Isaac of Southwark (196). Eleanor was also given the concealed goods of Aaron the son of Vives, Edmund's Royal Jew (i99) There were also special grants of royal favour and indulgence towards Jews. Aaron son of Vives was not to be molested during coin-clipping enquiries (91). Another Jew was given the care of a young Jewish heir until he should come of age; on this depended properly and marriage rights (148). Floria, the widow of Elias Menahem, was given the right to be exempt from tallage, and the promise that the king would not pardon any of her debts. She also received permission for her son to inherit land from his father (180, 187).46 34</page><page sequence="11">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 Special grants were made to the Domus Conversorum for its running and upkeep. In 1290 all deodands which came into royal hands were granted, and in 1292, after the Expulsion, an annual amount to cover the salaries of officials (200, 216). Appointments Appointments of officials were made by the king for various actions to be taken, which either direcdy or indirectiy concerned the Jews. In order to settle a dispute over a Jewish debt which involved the seisin of land, John of Oketon was appointed to make an extent of the lands of Richard de Ottringham (3). Two abbeys were so indebted to the king that officials were appointed as custodians. In 1274 Philip de Willoughby was appointed to the control of the Abbey of Fountains because it was in debt to the king (8). In 1277 Ralph of Sandwich, King's Steward, was appointed to the custody of the Abbey of Flaxley because it too was in debt to the Crown (61). Naturally, the king had to use officials for the collection and assessing of tallages. The rolls contain many references to appointments of this kind. In 1274 officials were appointed for levying the arrears of tallage, and these officers were also given the power to force defaulters to leave the realm (9, 10). In June 1277 various officials were again appointed to assess a tallage for 1277 (68). Similarly, in 1278, various officials were commanded to levy arrears of the Great Tallage which had been assessed in 1274 (81); and again, in July 1278, various officials were appointed to levy a tallage (82). Stephen de Foleburn, Adam de Stratton, William de Middleton, Luke de Hemmington, John de Cobham, Philip de Willoughby, Joseph de Chauncy and Walter de Helyun were all royal officials who must have been well used to the intricacies of tallage collection.47 It was also necessary to appoint officials at various times for the scrutiny of the archae. Many such officials were appointed in 1275 for a nationwide scrutiny of the archae (31, 32). In 1276 various scrutineers for the London archae were appointed, yet it appears that some were either unsuitable or busy elsewhere on the king's business because the three separate orders issued in that year each stipulate a different combination of officers (44, 51, 57). In 1286 three officials were appoin? ted to open and inspect the archae of the Jews of the cities of London and Westminster (189). It is clear that Philip de Willoughby, Ralph de Broughton, Gregory de Rokesle, Mayor of London, Bartholomew de Castello, Robert de Ludham, Hugh of Kendal, Master Odo of Westminster and Walter of Nottingham were well aware of the dealings of the London Jews. In the provinces in 1281, various officials were appointed to make archae scrutinies. The officials were to 'view, make scrutiny of, and transcribe the charters, Starrs and muniments and to make extracts therefrom so that debts could be levied and three rolls of these were to be made. One to go to the Exchequer, one to remain in the Exchequer of the Jewry and the third to remain with Henry de Bray'. Again, it seems that Edward and his major officials were unsure of the availability of those they had appointed, 35</page><page sequence="12">R. R. Mundill because in an order made five days later a different team was appointed, and these were empowered to list the debts of condemned Jews (141, 142). Officials would be appointed to deal with minor local crises, as in Oxford in 1276 when the Mayor and Bailiffs of Oxford were commanded to look after the Jewry for a short time because of a disturbance between the Sheriff and the Jews (50).48 Similarly, in 1282, twenty-four Hereford burgesses were appointed to make sure that the Jews of Hereford were not molested (149). The disastrous state of the coinage in 1283 led to the appointment of John de Burne to make sure that money entering the country through the Channel ports was of the correct standard, because 23s by tale scarcely equals 20s by weight (161). The coin-clipping allega? tions, and the pogrom of Jews which followed, necessitated the appointment of various officials for specific jobs. In 1280 Philip de Willoughby was appointed to sell the forfeited books of the Jews of Oxford (in). In the same year various officials were appointed to levy the debts of condemned Jews (112). Circumstances prompted appointments. A special nomination was necessary to fill the post of John De Sancto Dionisio, who died in office as warden of the Domus Conversorum; two different King's Clerks were given temporary appointments in 1289 and 1290 (195, 210). After the Expulsion of the Jews, in November 1290, Hugh of Kendal was appointed to handle the sale of Jewish houses, tenements and rents (212).49 In order to handle some of the former Jewish properties in York which Eleanor had collected before her death in 1290, Thomas de Normanville was specially empowered to deal with them (214). Commissions The need occasionally arose to set up commissions to investigate various situations or allegations, and the entries record several such appointments. In 1275 Henry de Monte forti and Bartholomew le Juvene were to enquire into the burning of the Bristol Jewry by various men of Bristol accused of the deed (27).50 In 1275 and 1276, interestingly, the Crown appointed John de Luvetot to enquire into Christians in Norfolk and Essex who were 'acting as Jews' (30, 36). In 1276 the dealings of Henry de Shotesbrok, the Sheriff of Oxford, were to be investigated by Francis Accursi and Nicholas de Stapleton. It appears that the Sheriff was guilty of extortion, and, as was mentioned above, the running of the Jewry was put into the hands of the Mayor of Oxford (41).51 A special commission examined the prob? lems that occurred during Henry Ill's reign when the archae at Cambridge and Northampton were carried away by Baronial rebels to the Isle of Ely; and in the case of bonds which had not been legally deposited in the archae it again set up a special enquiry (181). Commissioners were also asked to look into the problems of delivery from wrongful imprisonment, to enquire into complaints, and to enquire into goods of condemned Jews which had not reached the Crown's hands (60, 73, 76, 130). Special commissions were given to officials to make gaol deliveries, and for moving 36</page><page sequence="13">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 offenders from provincial gaols to the Tower of London (191, 193, 194, 204). At various times the Crown needed specific people to do certain jobs. In order to deal with the platasy or the illicit trade in silver which had been clipped from the coinage, and the goods of those convicted of the crime, it had recourse to several commissions (153, 169). Officials were also appointed to deal with the problems of false deeds and counterfeiting seals (167, 204). Commissions were also set up to look into specific Jewish business. In 1277 Hugh of Digneneton was commissioned to enquire where Jews were living, and if they were wearing the Jewish badge and paying chevage to the Domus Conversorum in accordance with the Statute of 1275. The results of his commission would have made an interesting survey of where Edwardian Jews were living, but regrettably do not survive (64). Special commissions were necessary for the Proctors of the Domus Conversorum to collect their chevage or poll tax on all Jews (198). Commissions of oyer and terminer Commissions of oyer and terminer were issued to judges or commissioners of the Assize. These Crown's commissions were convened to try criminal cases and all offenders awaiting trial in the county gaols. Naturally they reveal a certain amount about crimes against or committed by Jews. Specially appointed commissioners had to investigate such things as a forged deed made between Hagin son of Master Moses and William de Leyburn (55). They had to enquire into problems arising from lands in Tonbridge which had been used as a pledge for a debt to a Jew (78). When a Jew died, the Crown had rights over his estate and often property went missing to avoid the death duty or was simply carried off by locals. In 1280 commissioners were appointed to enquire into the goods of Jacob of Oxford, deceased (109). When, in 1281, debts in the Jewry affected the king, a special commission was launched in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Leicester and Northampton (138). Often it fell to such commissioners to investigate assault charges. In 1277 a commission was set up to investigate an assault on Abraham son of Benedict of Winchester, who had been assaulted so badly that his life was despaired of and his goods had been carried off (70). On the other hand, a commission was set up in 1290 to investigate the assault on William Le Convers of Oxford who was assaulted by the Jews there (197). Robbery and trespass often gave rise to a commission. In 1283 robberies committed on the merchants of the Count of Holland were investi? gated by a commission. It seems that, by inference, the merchants were also guilty of dealing in false platas with the Jews (157).52 At times they were asked to settle matters when trespass had occurred, and in one particular case it involved land that was in pledge to a Jew and presumably also involved a Christian (158). A more serious crime was blasphemy, and Commissioners had to investigate at least one charge in Nottingham which involved not only blasphemous insults against the Christian faith, but assault and spitting by a Jewess against a Christian (75, 79). Widespread allegations of coin-clipping naturally resulted in several commis 37</page><page sequence="14">R. R. Mundill sions being set up. As early as 1276, John de Lovetot and Gregory de Rokesle were commissioned to investigate certain Christians in London who had allegedly com? mitted usury and coin-clipping. Walter of Stirkesely and Henry de Tybotot were asked to investigate the same charges in Nottingham and the county of Not? tinghamshire (56). After a directive from the king's council at Windsor, a full-scale enquiry into the coin-clipping allegations of 1279 was set up in that year on 5 January when Stephen de Penecestre, Walter de Helyun and John de Cobham were appointed to cover allegations in the City of London, Middlesex, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Essex, Hertford, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Buck? ingham, Bedford, Oxford and Berkshire. Bartholomew de Southleigh, William de Brayboeuf and Adam le Botiller were appointed to make enquiries in Southampton, Wiltshire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Cornwall, Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford, Shropshire and Staffordshire. In the north, John Bek, Alex? ander de Kirketon and Randulph de Acre were to make enquiries in the counties of York, Northumberland, Derby, Lincoln, Northampton, Rudand, Warwick and Leicester. Finally, to be sure of the quality of the coinage which was issued, Stephen de Penecestre, Walter de Helyun and John de Cobham were to examine and scrutinize the dealings at the King's Exchanges at London, Canterbury and Bury St Edmund's (85).53 That there were problems at Bury St Edmund's becomes clear in 1283, when commissioners had to investigate the counterfeiting of coinage there by moneyers using illegal dies (156). The arrests and hangings of 1279 also meant that a large quantity of forfeited goods was stolen by Christians and not handed over to the Crown. In 1280 a commission was empowered to enquire into goods which had been in Jewish hands in Dunwich (120). Similarly, a commission had to settle affairs in Lincoln in 1290 and to decide who should pay for having wrongfully detained the chattels of condemned Jews (211).54 Pardons Pardons enrolled on the Patent Rolls fall roughly into two categories: pardons for crime, debts to Jews or for debts which for now passed to the Crown. General pardons of crimes committed against the Crown include two made to foreign merchants accused of dealing with the Jews mplatas. Both were made at the instance of such influential people as Edmund, the king's brother, and Florence, the Count of Holland (157, 159, 177).55 In 1284 the former Prior of Montacute was pardoned a fine of 200 marks for being accused of involvement in coin clipping and for receiving goods of condemned Jews (170). Jews could receive pardons for crimes. In 1279 Master Elias son of Master Moses was pardoned of allegations of his complicity in coin-clipping and dealing in false coinage (93). Finally, in 1286, two Jews were pardoned for their non-appearance before the Justices because it seems they had already given themselves up (185, 194). Jewish debts could also be pardoned as and when the Crown willed; sometimes 38</page><page sequence="15">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 the creditor would be reimbursed, but normally pardons were issued on debts which were 'in the Jewry' and belonged to the Crown. In 1275 Walter de Hun tercombe was pardoned of a debt to Master Elias of 500 marks (25, 26). In 1278 Robert de Haiested was pardoned of ?48 14s iod of Jewish debts; and a similar pardon of the same debts appears in 1281 (74, 134). In 1286 Brian de Brumpton was pardoned of debts worth ?80. Curiously again, the pardon appears twice on the roll, but it is unclear why the pardon was made (189, 190). In 1279, at the instance of Eleanor the Queen Mother, Robert de Creveuequer was pardoned of all his debts, arrears, penalties and usuries from the beginning of time to the present date (ioi).56 Reasons were given for the issuing of some pardons. In 1279, again at the instance of Eleanor the Queen Mother, William de Leyburn was pardoned in view of his services to Henry III in Gascony and for being the king's steward. This pardon was also recorded twice, on 13 and 15 November (97, 101). Reasons were given for the pardon of Norman de Arcy who, because of his conduct in 1283, was pardoned ?100 for services rendered to the Crown in the expedition to Wales (163). Mandates A mandate, which could be made for many different reasons, was a writ ordering the performance of an official duty. One would be issued for various types of business, such as making a general scrutiny (2), or to make specific payments (6, 7, 16, 17, 22, 23, 53). They appear for ordering the merchants of Lucca to make various payments to officials, including those who worked for the Scaccarium jfudaeorum and for works at the Tower payable from Jewish tallage (83, 86, 89). In 1275 one was issued directing that the Jews of Gascony should not be tallaged because grain and wine were dear (19). They are made so that money found in a criminal's house should be delivered, and to ensure a thorough search of the premises of the alleged criminal, Diay of Holme (35, 38).57 Mandates had to be used for an official to hand over responsibilities (43, 47) and for Roger de North wode to open and transcribe bonds in the Canterbury archa (68). Mandates were issued to officials in all shires so that they should compel the Jews to 'listen to the word of God' (84). Special mandates were issued, at the time of the coin-clipping investigations, to the commissioners appointed to investigate coin-clipping to pay the proceeds to the Royal Exchange (88), to the Abbot of St Augustine's, Bristol, to hand over proceeds from the collection of Jewish chattels in his care, because of coin-clipping offences (90), and to Justices of the Jews not to intermeddle with the affairs of Aaron fil Vives (99). They were issued to back up previous orders. One was issued to the Justices of the Jews to allow Hugh son of Otto to have the manor of Chilwarton (106). Another was issued to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer to allow the proceeds from various sources to go towards the upkeep and firm establishment of the Domus Conversorum (115). Two special mandates were issued in 1290, both of which were addressed to the 39</page><page sequence="16">R. R. Mundill Bailiffs, Barons and sailors of the Cinque Ports, to give special passes to Jews who were leaving the realm before the final day of Expulsion on i November 1290. In both cases they are concerned with quite influential Jews (207, 208). Acquittances Acquittances were recorded on the Patent Roll of moneys that had been received. It seems that this was for pure convenience, as the moneys might well have been paid in one part of the country, and it was important to keep a central check on such payments. Naturally it would be expected that such entries would be found elsewhere on governmental records once they had reached the right department. Acquittances could be issued for small or large amounts. One was issued in 1274 to Nicholas Convers for a gold cup paid into the Wardrobe (12). Such acquittances include details of the payment of a large debt of ?900, paid through a foreign merchant to the merchants of Lucca, and thence to Anthony Bek, by the Abbot of Fountains, for payment of ?990 13s 4d worth of Jewish debts (20, 45, 77). Generally, acquittances were issued for collections of confiscated Jewish goods. Such was the case with one issued to Philip de Willoughby in 1279 f?r ?I3? delivered to the Wardrobe for the proceeds of confiscated Jewish goods in Oxford (87). Again, acquittances were issued to Henry de Dernegate and Canon Stephen de Schorn of Lincoln for payments of various sums for having concealed goods which had been confiscated from the Jews (136, 139).58 Notes were kept and issued for all acquittances of fines which had been paid. Certainly some fairly large fines were made during the period following 1279 f?r concealing the goods of condemned Jews and dealing in or disposing of them. From the evidence of the Patent Roll it seems to be mainly foreign merchants involved in the disposal of such goods who were fined, although in one instance gold was seized from the house of a Jewess of London and again an acquittance was issued (172, 174, 176, 182). Miscellaneous This category of entries includes general and special business such as the con? firmation of a grant (37), the discharge of William de Middleton from his duties (48), the protection for the Keeper of the Domus Conversorum who was going overseas (52), and a safe-conduct for Master Elias son of Master Moses and Abraham Mouton to go to Flanders (113). They reveal the setting up of an association of officials to inquire whether Roger de Leyburn was indebted in the Jewry (59). Special permission was given in 1279, in the form of a writ of aid for Henry de Winton, to dispose of goods and chattels confiscated from Jews con? demned for coin-clipping offences to sell them 'this side and beyond the seas' (92). They also include a type of acquittance, such as when, in 1281, an acknowledge? ment of receipt was issued to the town of Plumsted for ?11 os od found on the 40</page><page sequence="17">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 body of Josce of Guildford who had been killed outside Plumsted by thieves (137). The miscellaneous business on the roll also includes a ratification of a demise of land granted as a reward for services in Wales, and which at one time was a Jewish pledge (151). Other miscellaneous entries appear in the form of writs of aid. In all cases they are to help those ordered to carry out commissions, to enquire into the goods of condemned Jews (168), or to help sell the properties of Jews after the Expulsion (213). Such miscellaneous entries include special orders, such as the replacement of officials because of the absence of those who should have carried out the orders (164). Orders empowering officials to receive recognizances from Christian debtors for payment to the Crown also appear (178). John de Sancto Dionisio is exonerated from presenting his accounts at the Exchequer as the Keeper of the Domus Conversorum, because he had never done so before (186). There are special letters of exemption from all tallages for Cresse fil Cresse and Aaron until they have paid their fines for concealing the goods of condemned Jews - it is interesting that this is dated 18 June 1290 (203).59 Finally, these special letters patent include a general safe conduct for all Jews leaving the realm before the final date of Expulsion, dated 27 July 1290 (205). Inspeximuses An inspeximus is a check on a previous order that has been brought into question or has been lost. Examples show that accounts were confirmed by looking back at the previous Letter Patent and checking the amounts (18). In another instance, an inspeximus was necessary to prove that Eleanor, the Queen Consort, had granted Benedict of Winchester the dowry of his late wife Floria and the debts owing to Salomon L'Evesk, her previous husband (29). It was necessary to have an inspeximus to confirm the charter which was re-examined in 1276, when questions were raised over a charter made by Stephen de Chendut in favour of Cresse son of Master Elias, granting him a tenement in St Mary Magdalen in Milk Street in London (49). Clearly, where a Letter Patent was torn or lost, the enrolled version could be checked and re-entered on the rolls to remind the parties of the legal situation at that moment. Such was the case when a Letter Patent of Henry III was found to be torn. The inspeximus revealed that the original was a grant from Hagin son of Master Moses to Roger de Clifford of a debt of ?106 (80). A check was made in 1279 on a grant by Eleanor, the Queen Consort, to Henry Oweyn of Oxford of a former Jewish messuage in Oxford (96). On the death of Abraham son of Deulecresse of Norwich, the disposal of his chattels necessitated an inspeximus of Letters Patent concerning the sale (for 50 marks) of a term of eight years in the manor of Kelling, formerly belonging to Abraham fil Deulecresse, who had been hanged for blasphemy (117).60 No reason appears for an inspeximus of a charter representing a grant by Roger de Clifford the elder of his land in London to the Mayor and citizens of London, in Bassingshaw and Ironmongers Lane (118). Among the documentation contained on the Patent Rolls there is an inspeximus of two charters belonging to the town of Chard, which includes a clause commonly 4i</page><page sequence="18">R. R. Mundill used to protect land from being alienated to J ews (184). This inspeximus is a direct copy of Chard's town charter.61 Writs de intendendo Such a document was normally a writ of intention. In 1278, when officials were appointed to assess a tallage, a writ of this kind was sent to the Jews of England informing them of the tallage (82). Generally, the Crown used such writs as memos or for information. Two writs concern the vacancy of the Keeper of the Domus Conversorum, which arose on the death of John de Sancto Dionisio. Both writs appoint King's Clerks to temporary appointments as Keeper (195,210). The last writ de intendendo concerning the Jews was one sent to Hugh of Kendal, the royal official in charge of the Dissolution of the Jewries, asking him to find out what had happened to the receipts of leases for houses of the Jews who had been exiled, and also requiring him to look into other receipts in the King's Jewry that might have come in since the Expulsion (215). Confirmation of a demise A demise is the record of a gift after it has been made or bestowed on the recipient. Such confirmations were to provide some legal protec? tion for the recipient and for the records of the donor. The two examples on the Patent Roll are both connected to the same demise. In February 1275 Norman de Arcy gave Eleanor, the King's Consort, land to the value of ?40 a year in his manor of Nocton for a ten-year period. Eleanor, in return, acquitted de Arcy of ?413 6s 8d of debts which he owed to two Jews and which had come into Eleanor's hand (14). In November 1275 a similar agreement was reached, but the terms had altered. In return for land to the value of ?60 per year for fourteen years, de Arcy was to be released of Jewish debts totalling ?463 6s 8d (28). Confirmation of a charter Such confirmations tend to apply to grants made by persons other than the king. A confirmation was made of a grant made by Eleanor, the King's Consort, of former Jewish land in York (100). Eleanor, the King's Mother, disposed of former Jewish lands in Marlborough in 1281 and also con? firmed these grants (129). Another confirmation of a grant was enrolled by William de Hamilton, another royal favourite, when he disposed of former Jewish lands in York (144).62 Ratification of a demise Such a technique of recording was used when a gift was agreed on. In November 1281 Robert Baud, Sheriff of Northampton, sold a former Jewish house in the town to William Dachet, the King's Serjeant (146). Power Such documents were normally granted to officials to carry out orders. Examples of such orders are a power to tallage in 1277 (65). Powers were issued to sell off houses and lands formerly belonging to Jews, and now confiscated because of coin-clipping allegations (94, 102, 104, no). 42</page><page sequence="19">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 Murders Clearly, murders are not a recognized order on the Patent Roll. However, some examples involving Jews do appear and so have been listed under a separate heading for reasons of access. Aaron of Worcester, Isaac his son and Blak his wife were in trouble for the death of Robert Le Porter in Oxford in 1286 (185, 194).63 Isaac son of Isaac Polet, a leading Oxford Jew, was also in trouble in 1286 for various deaths. It appears he was imprisoned until 1290 (191, 193, 204).64 Acknowledgements Most names, where possible English forms exist, have been anglicized throughout. The 216 different entries have been put into chronological order, and a brief explanation of the types of business concerning the medieval Anglo-Jews, as revealed by the Patent Rolls, has been supplied, as well as a simple glossary of specialized terms. This research has been made possible by, and has evolved from, a generous grant made to me by the Twenty-Seven Foundation of the University of London. All transcripts of Crown Copyright records in the Public Record Office appear by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Glossary Acquittance Payment of a debt. Archa/e The strong box in which Jewish and Christian business deeds and transactions were kept. Alienation in mortmain Grant of land to a religious house or a Jew, which in effect deprives the Crown or other feudal lord of payments due on the death of the tenant. Conversi Jews who had converted to Christianity. Deodands Items forfeited to the Crown for religious or charitable use. In exigent The state of a person who had received repeated summonses to a county court and who had now been declared in exigent or outiawed. Inquisition ad quod damnum An inquiry made by local officials into whether a grant or licence, if given by the Crown, would mean loss of revenue, or would not be in the Crown's interests. Inspeximus A witnessed copy of a record. Mainprize The appointment of sureties (mainpernors) for the appearance of a prisoner. Ratification of a demise Confirmation of a grant of an estate. Valor Judaismus The survey and accounts of the value of Jewish business deeds, transactions and property which the Crown took over in 1290. 43</page><page sequence="20">R. R. Mundill NOTES 1 A. C. Cramer, 'Origins and functions of the Jewish Exchequer' Speculum XVI (1941) 226-9. 2 H. Jenkinson, 'The records of the Exchequer receipts from the English Jewry' Trans JHSE Ylll(igiS) 19-54. 3 Public Record Office (hereafter PRO) Series E/9. J. M. Rigg (ed.), Calendar of the Plea Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews preserved in the Public Record Office I 1218-1272 (JHSE London 1905) (hereafter J. M. Rigg). J. M. Rigg (ed.), Calendar of the Plea Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews preserved in the Public Record Office II Edward I 1273-1275 (JHSE London 1910). H. Jenkinson (ed.), Calendar of the Plea Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews preserved in the Public Record Office III Edward I 1275-1277 (JHSE London 1929). H. G. Richardson (ed.), Calendar of the Plea Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews preserved in the Public Record Office IV Henry III 1272 and Edward I 1275-1277 (JHSE London 1972). S. Cohen, Plea Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews Michaelmas 1277-Hilary 127g (PhD Thesis, University of London, 1951). Volume V appeared in 1992 and VI is forthcoming from JHSE. 4 PRO Series E/401. For recent treatment of the tallages of 1239-1242 see R. C. Stacey, 'Royal Taxation and the Social Structure of Medieval Anglo-Jewry: The Tallages of 1239 1242', Hebrew Union College Annual LVI (1985) 175-249 . For recent treatment of Edwardian Tallage and Receipt Rolls see Chapter II in R. R. Mundill, The Jews in England 1272-1290 (PhD Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1987) 58-100 (hereafter Mundill). 5 PRO Series E/101/250,251,252,253. M. Adler, 'History of the Domus Conversorum from 1290-1891' Trans JHSE IV (1903) 16-75. 6 PRO E/i01/249/27 and E101/250/1 - E/101/250/12. The phrase Valor Judaismus was coined by R. R. Mundill in Mundill 1987, p. 7. 7 H. Jenkinson, 'Medieval Sources for Anglo-Jewish History: The Problem of Publica? tion' TransJHSEXWll (1955) 285-93. 8 Z. E. Rokeah, 'Some accounts of con? demned Jews property in the Pipe and Chancel? lor's Rolls' Bulletin of the Institute of Jewish Studies part 1, I (1973) 19-42, part 2, II (1974) 59-82, part 3, III (1975)41-66. 9 B. L. Abrahams, 'Condition of the Jews of England at the time of their Expulsion in 1290' Trans JHSE II (1896) 76-105. 10 M. Adler (see n. 5 above). 11 The writings and works of Cecil Roth are far too numerous to refer to here. V. D. Lipman, The Jews of Medieval Norwich (JHSE London 1967)187-312. 12 A. Corcos, 'Extracts from the Close Rolls 1279-1288' Trans JHSE TSf (1903) 202-19. H. P. Stokes, 'Extracts from the Close Rolls 1289 1368'Atac. JHSE I (1925) 6-17. 13 R. R. Mundill, 'Anglo-Jewry under Edward I: credit agents and their clients', Trans JHSE XXXI (1990) 1-21; C. Roth, A History of the Jews in England (3rd Edition, Oxford 1978) Chapter IV, 68-90 is still the best general treat? ment of the Jews and their fortunes under Edward I; R. C. Stacey, 'Recent work on Medi? eval English Jewish History', Jewish History II (1987) 62-3, 67-8; R. R. Mundill, 'English Medieval Ashkenazim - literature and prayers', Ashkenaz (1991) 205. 14 Numbered extracts appear after this paper, on pp. 46-87. 15 A. Corcos (see n. 12) 203. 16 L. F. Salzman, Edward I (London 1968) 95. See entry 13. H. P. Stokes, 'The relationship between the Jews and the royal family of England in the thirteenth century' Trans JHSE'VIII (1918) 163-5 17 H. P. Stokes (see n. 16) 165-8. 18 I am indebted to the work of P. Brand who lectured to the JHSE on 16 July 1980 on 'The Exchequer of the Jews and the royal administra? tive machine in the late thirteenth century'. 19 PRO E/101/250/1, British Library Manu? scripts Additional 24511 and Canterbury Cathedral Archives Eastry Correspondence IV no. 13. 20 V. D. Lipman, 'Jews and castles in Medi? eval England' Trans JHSE XXVIII (1984) 6-7. 21 Mundill 138. 22 J. M. Rigg 1-liv. 23 M de W. Hemmeon, Burgage tenure in Medieval England (Harvard 1914) 26-7, 36, 39 40. F. I. Schechter, 'The rightlessness of medi? eval English Jewry' Jewish Quarterly Review IV (1913-1914) 121-51. 24 M. J. Honeybourne, 'The Pre-Expulsion cemetery of the Jews in London' Trans JHSE XX (1964) 146. 25 J. Jacobs, 'The London Jewry' in Jewish Ideals and Other Essays (London 1896). See map, entry no. 15. 26 Mundill 374. Westminster Abbey Muni? ments Nos 6702, 9076, 9078. 44</page><page sequence="21">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 27 P. Allin, 'Richard of Devizes and the alleged martyrdom of a boy at Winchester' Trans JHSE XXVII (1982) 32. B. C. Turner, 'The Winchester Jewry' Hampshire Review (1954) 17-21. 28 R. B. Dobson, 'The Decline and Expulsion of the Medieval Jews of York' Trans JHSE XXVI (1979) 47. E. Brunskill, 'The Jews in Medieval York' Trans JHSE'XX (1964) 239-45 and map. 29 C. Roth, The Jews of Medieval Oxford (Oxford 1951) 136-46 and map (hereafter C. Roth). 30 Lipman (see n. 11) 113-41 and map. 31 Mundill 295-6 and map. 32 Ibid. 176-84 and map. 33 H. P. Stokes, 'The relationship between the Jews and the royal family of England in the thirteenth century' Trans JHSE VIII (1918) 165 8. See entries 21 and 40. 34 J. M. Rigg xlviii-li. 35 Mundill 135. 36 Ibid. 90, 271-2, 339-40. J. M. Rigg II (see n. 3) 268, 276. 37 Mundill 337-8. 38 Mundill 147-8. Statutes of the Realm I 220-1. 39 J. M. Rigg 85. 40 C. Roth 130-6, 155-6. 41 See note 38 above. 42 C. Roth 78, 90, 104, 157-9. 43 There is also a Jews Bridge 12 miles south of Exeter over the River Bovey. B. S?sser, The Jews of Devon and Cornwall from the Middle Ages until the early twentieth century (PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, 1977) 40. J. E. B. Gover, A. Mawer, F. M. Stenton (eds) The Place Names of Devon Part II (English Place Name Society, Cam? bridge 1932) 469. 44 H. P. Stokes, Studies in Anglo-Jewish History (Edinburgh 1913) 23-43 gives a full dis? cussion and details of the Arch-Presbyters of England. 45 See note 17 above. 46 C. Roth, 'Elijah of London: the most illustrious English Jew of the Middle Ages' Trans JHSE XV (1946) 59-60. 47 Mundill 58-100. 48 See note 40 above. 49 See note 19 above. 50 M. Adler, 'The Jews of Bristol in Pre Expulsion Days' Trans JHSE XII (1928) 165-7. 51 C.Roth 155-6. 52 See entries 157, 159, 177. It is likely that Edward was merciful to these merchants because of his need for good relations with Florence, Count of Holland, see Salzman (see n. 16) 78-9. 53 Ibid. 56-7. M. Prestwich, 'Edward I's monetary policies and their consequences' Econ? omic History Review XXII (1969) 406-16. See also note 8 above. Mundill 96-9. 54 PRO E/ioi/i 19/12 and PRO E/101/ 119/20 which give details of some fines made between 1283 and 1290 amounting to ?2026 6s 8d. 55 See note 52 above. 56 I. Abrahams, H. P. Stokes, H. Loewe, Starrs and Charters preserved in the British Museum I (London 1930) xvi-xvii, xix-xxi. 57 Mundill 95. Z. E. Rokeah, 'Crime and Jews in late thirteen century England: some cases and comments' Hebrew Union College Annual LV (1984) 104. 58 See note 54 above. Mundill 275. 59 Only one month before the decision was taken for the Expulsion. Roth (see n. 13) 85. H. G. Richardson, The English Jewry under Angevin Kings (JHSE/Methuen i960) 228. 60 This particular connection between Abra? ham son of Deulecresse and the manor of Kelling has attracted a lot of attention. Roth (see n. 13) 78. V. D. Lipman (see n. 11) 163, 171-3. See also Westminster Abbey Muniments No. 6811. 61 The clause is a common one. Most charters were however modelled on charters of other towns and at times could easily have been copied verbatim. Thus the reference is not necessarily indicative of Jewish presence in a par? ticular town. There is a similar clause in the Charter of Melcombe Regis granted in 1283. John Vowell (alias Hoker), Description of the City of Excester. Transcribed and edited from MSS archives of the corporation of the City of Exeter by Walter J. Harte, J. W. Schopp, H. Tapley-Soper III (The Devon and Cornwall Record Society Exeter, 1947) 502-13. 62 Mundill 137. 63 C. Roth 163. Z. E. Rokeah (see n. 57) 144-50. 64 C. Roth 79-80. See Z. E. Rokeah (see n. 57) 144-50. 45</page><page sequence="22">R. R. Mundill Extracts from the Patent Rolls: 1272-1292 NB: numbers in brackets refer to the page on which the entry appears in the published edition of the Patent Rolls: Calendar of Patent Rolls of the reign of Edward I preserved in the Public Record Office I2y2-I2Q2 (London 1893-1901). 1 26 January 1273 Westminster Grant to Edmund of Germany, Earl of Cornwall, king's kinsman, that he satisfy himself for 2000 marks borrowed by Henry III from Richard, king of Germany, his father, as executor of the latter, out of the first issues of the King's Jewry, as well out of the tallages of Jews as out of arrears formerly assessed upon them, and all profits arising from the Jewry, except chattels of deceased persons, so that he receive payment in accordance with letters of the said Henry III, on condition that the receipts of the said king of Germany from the said issues be allowed in the account. (4) 2 20 February 1273 Westminster Mandate to Thomas le Esperun to go to the chests of debts of the chirographers of Winchester, Oxford, Marlborough and Wilton and by view of the chirographers thereof, both Christians and Jews to cause the said debts to be scrutinized and enrolled. The like to H?mo Hauteyn, touching debts in the chest of the chirographers of Northampton, Nottingham, York, Lincoln and Stamford. The like to Adam de Winton in those of the Jews of Bristol, Exeter, Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford and Warwick. The like to Robert de Ludham in those of the Jews of Bedford, Cambridge, Colchester and Sudbury. (6) 3 iq May 1273 Westminster Appointment of John de Oketon - on complaint of William de Laceles, that being bound to Hagin son of the Master, King's Jew of London, in ?200, and to Aaron, sometime Jew of York in 120 marks (which latter debt Aaron granted Eleanor, the king's mother, whereby she had seisin of certain of his lands in Ottringham), a covenant was afterwards made between him and Richard de Ottringham (who satisfied the king's said mother for the debt of 120 marks on condition that he might have seisin of the said lands, and also bought another debt from Hagin) to wit, that the latter should receive from him to the value of i2d a year by lawful extent from the said lands until the satisfaction of the said debts; but the said Richard procured an unlawful extent to be made, whereby he refused to be party to it and applied to the Court of Henry III for a better extent to be made; and 46</page><page sequence="23">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 although he obtained from Henry III letters for a more faithful extent, such extent is by procurement of his adversaries, still unmade, to the danger of his disherison - to rectify the said extent if it is unlawfully made, to make an extent in the presence of John de Ottringham, brother and heir of the said Richard, who now holds the said lands, if he desire to be a party to it, to have it before the king or his lieutenants a fortnight after midsummer, and to summon the said John to be then present to receive justice. (9-10) 4 3 February 1274 Westminster Licence for Samuel son of Aaron of Colchester and Josce his brother, King's Jews of Colchester, who are unable to satisfy the king in full for the present railage assessed upon them unless they can sell their houses and rents, to sell to William son of Warin of Colchester, clerk, the houses and rents in the parish of St Rumswald, Colchester, sometime of Master Richard de Peltedun which Aaron father of Samuel and Josce long since bought of the same Richard. The like for Abraham son of Isaac, King's Jew of Cambridge, to sell to John Martyn the houses and rents in the parish of St Sepulchre's, Cambridge, some? time of the Prior of Barnwell, which Isaac, his father, long since bought from the prior. (42) 5 8 February 1274 Westminster Licence for Aaron de la Reye, King's Jew of London, to enable him to pay the present tallage assessed upon him, to sell to Thomas de Estchepe the houses and rents in the parish of St Clement in Candlewickstreet, sometime of Nicholas de Kais, which he long ago bought of Margery and Margaret, daughters and heirs of the said Nicholas. (43) 6 4 June 1274 Westminster Mandate to brother Stephen de Foleburn, receiver of the tallage upon certain Jews of England, to deliver to Luke de Luka ?2000 out of that money in his custody, to take to Paris against the king's arrival there. (51) 7 11 June 1274 Westminster Mandate to brother Warin, treasurer of the New Temple, London, to deliver to Luke de Lucca, king's merchant, ?2000 out of the money received by him at the mandate of Joseph, prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, the treasurer, and of Payn de Cadurcis of the tallage assessed upon divers Jews, to take to Paris against the king's arrival there. (52) 8 // October 1274 Tower of London Appointment of Philip de Willoughby, escheator beyond the Trent, to the custody, during pleasure, of the Abbey of Fountains, in debt to the king, as well by reason of 47</page><page sequence="24">R. R. Mundill a loan in the King's Jewry as elsewhere, and to divers creditors as well merchants, aliens and denizens as others. (59) 9 20 October 1274 Westminster Appointment of Stephen de Foleburn, Adam de Stratton and William de Mid dleton to levy the arrears of the tallage on the King's Jews in England, with power to levy them on the goods and debts of defaulting Jews, and of compelling Jews who are rebellious or contradictory in this behalf, by exile or abjuration of the realm if necessary, to pay their portions. (61) 10 / November 1274 Luton Appointment of brother Stephen de Foleburn, bishop elect of Waterford, brother Luke de Hemmington and William de Middleton, to levy the arrears of the tallage on the Jews; with power to levy the same upon their goods and debts and to compel defaulters by exile and abjuration of the realm to pay. And if any Jew fail to pay on the day appointed him, they shall cause him to leave the realm with his wife and children, except those children that are in tallage and have paid; and they shall assign such Jews the port of Dover within three days after the day of payment to depart never to return, their lands, houses, rents and all goods of them and theirs to be saved to the king. And if any, after the said third day, be found elsewhere in the realm except at Dover, let judgement be done upon him as upon one carrying away the king's own goods. (62-3) 11 9 November 1274 Northampton Grant to Anthony Bek, clerk of the household, of all debts, fees, usuries and penalties wherein the abbot and convent of Fountains are bound to Jews, by charters, tallies, or otherwise, which are to be levied according to the custom of the Jewry and delivered to him. (63) 12 20 December 1274 Overstone Acquittance to Nicholas Convers, citizen of London, for a gold cup worked with enamel, which Hagin, Jew of London, had pledged to him, and which he delivered to the Wardrobe to master Thomas Bek, Keeper of the Wardrobe, by the hand of Roger le Convers, on Thursday on the eve of St Thomas the Aposde, 3 Edward I; and for ?10 wherein he made fine for a trespass, which fine the king has pardoned. (74) 13 12 January 1275 Ramsbury Grant to Eleanor, the King's Mother, that no Jew shall dwell or stay in any towns which she holds in dower. (76) 48</page><page sequence="25">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 14 18 February 1275 Windsor Confirmation of a demise and grant made to Eleanor, the King's Consort, by Norman de Arcy of land to the value of ?40 a year in his manor of Nocton for ten years, for ?280, in which the aforesaid Norman was bound to Hagin, Jew of London, and for ?133 6s 8d in which the said Norman was bound to Jacob of Oxford, Jew, by his charters now in the chest of the chirographers of the Jews of London, the said debts having been given by the king to the Queen Consort, who is bound to acquit the said Norman of them at the end of the aforesaid term against all Jews and Christians. (80) 15 15 March 1275 Windsor Licence for Isaac son of Benedict Gabay, Jew of Lincoln, to sell to Master Thomas de Wainfleet all the debts wherein Richard le Bret of Wrangle is bound by his charters to the said Isaac, according to the form of the provision made by Henry III that no Jew may, without licence, sell any debt wherein a Christian is bound to him, and that the purchaser have no more therein than the king would have if the debt were in the king's hand, to wit, the chattel contained in the charter without usury. (83) 16 18 March 1275 Quarrington Mandate to the treasurer of the New Temple, London, to deliver to Master Thomas Bek, King's Clerk, Keeper of the Wardrobe, ?80 of the tallage of the King's Jews, as the king is informed by brother Joseph de Chauncy, the treasurer, that about ?100 thereof is deposited at the New Temple; and he is to certify the king of the residue. (83) 17 27 March 1275 Aylesbury Mandate to the treasurer of the New Temple, London, to deliver to Master Thomas Bek ?14, the residue of the tallage on the Jews deposited in the New Temple. (84) 18 12 May 1275 Westminster Inspeximus of letters patent of John de London, King's Clerk, auditor of the account of William de Middleton, dated at London the first Tuesday in Lent, 2 Edward I certifying that the latter had on that day rendered account of ?422 15s 4d of the issues of the Jewry received by him from 17 December, 50 Henry III to that date; that the amount of his payments within that time was ?424 9s 6d exceeding his receipts by 34s 2d besides his fee for two years, and acquittance to the said William of the said ?422 15s 4d and promise to pay him the 34s 2d. (87) 19 2j May 127s Westminster Mandate to the Constable of Bordeaux not to tallage or burthen the Jews of 49</page><page sequence="26">R. R. Mundill Gascony this time without the king's special mandate, the king being informed on behalf of their whole commonalty that they are gready burdened by the dearness of grain and wine this year by divers tallages. By King and Council. The same to the Seneschal of Gascony. (90) 20 24 June I2J5 Westminter Acquittance to the abbot and convent of Fountains of ?900 owed by them to Josce Le Juvene, and Bonamy the son-in-law of the said Josce, Jews of York, which the king gave to Anthony Bek, King's Clerk, to whom the money has been paid by the said abbot and convent through Baldwin son of Jeremiah, merchant of Flanders, who paid it to Luke de Lucca, merchant of Lucca, who has acknowledged before the king that he received it from the said Baldwin to the use of the said Anthony. (97) 21 2 July I2J5 Barnes Licence for Isaac of Provence, Jew of Lincoln, to sell to Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, a debt of ?20 wherein Master John de la Lade, lately deceased, was bound to him. The like for Aaron de la Rye, Jew of London, to sell to the said bishop a like debt of ?15 of the said Master John. (98) 22 20 July 1275 Windsor Mandate to Warin, treasurer of the New Temple, London, to deliver to Master Thomas Bek, King's Clerk, Keeper of the Wardrobe, for the expenses of the household, 100 marks in his custody and of the tallage of the Jews. (Vacated because surrendered and cancelled.) (99) 23 21 July I2J5 Windsor Mandate to Warin, treasurer of the New Temple, London, to deliver to Giles de Audenarde 100 marks sterling of the tallage of the Jews in his custody, for the works of the Tower of London. (Vacated because surrendered and cancelled.) (100) 24 24 July I2J5 Thame Licence for Moses son of Jacob of Oxford, Josce son of Benedict, and Jacob Sablyn of York, Jews, to sell to Thomas de Guness', King's Clerk, a debt of ?47, wherein Thomas de Taustern of Eyton and Walter de Rodestan are bound to them. (100) 25 8 October 1275 Windsor Pardon to Walter de Huntercumbe and Alice his wife - in consideration of a quit claim by him and Alice his wife of all the lands (late of Avelina, sometime wife of) 50</page><page sequence="27">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 Edmund the king's brother, one of the heirs of Richard de Monfichet, and of a quit claim of (?10 yearly out of the) ?20 granted yearly by Henry III long since to William de (Huntercumbe his grandfather) by the hands of the abbot and convent of Stratford out of their (fee farm of) the manors of (Hammes and Suthbiry), of 500 marks, and the usury thereon, wherein he was bound to Master Elias, Jew of London, as appears by two chirographs between them in the chests of London. ("4) 26 8 October 1275 Westminster Pardon to Walter de Huntercombe of 500 marks, which he owed to Master Elias, Jew of London. (Vacated because in the Patent Roll 3 Edward I m 1.) (125) 27 18 October 1275 Westminster Commission to Henry de Monte Forti and Bartholomew le Juvene to enquire whether William Maylede, Dunning le Teler, Robert le Shibbe, Nicholas de la Peyse, Richard le Paumer, Richard le Teler, William de Licheford, William King, Richard Wele, Walter le Whyte, Reginald Golde, Nicholas le Coppere, Bischop Salekene, Mabel la Gimplere, Christiana de Weston, John le Lung, Nicholas le Keu, William Giffard, Walter Deubeneye, Richard le Prestre, Thomas Butte, Richemann le Mustarder, Robert Le Prestre and Hugh de Melles, men of the town of Bristol, who have been attached to answer before the Justices appointed to the custody of the Jews for damage to the extent of ?100 done by them, as is alleged, in the Jewry of that town at the time of the last burning of that Jewry, were guilty of that damage or not; and if not, who were. (107) 28 13 November 1275 Westminster Confirmation of a demise for fourteen years made by Norman de Arcy to Eleanor, the King's Consort, of land to the value of ?60 per year in his manors of Nocton and Dunston, in consideration of her acquitting him against all Jews and Christians of divers debts, wherein he was bound to Jews by charters billeted in the queen's name in the chest of the chirographers of the Jews, London, and which she holds by grant of the king, to wit, ?280 to Hagin son of Master Moses, Jew of London; ?133 6s 8d to Jacob, Jew of Oxford and ?50 to Elias son of Master Moses, Jew of London. (113) 29 75 November 1275 Westminster Inspeximus of letters patent of Eleanor, the King's Consort, dated at Windsor, 7 March, 3 Edward I to Benedict of Winchester, Jew, granting to the said Benedict, Jew of Winchester, all possessions of Floria la Blund, late his wife, as well the goods which she had on the day that he married her, as the debts which belonged to Salomon L'Eveske (Episcopi), sometime her husband; Floria having granted 5i</page><page sequence="28">R. R. Mundill these goods and debts to the queen, whereby the latter had her action against Benedict, but Benedict having satisfied her for the same, (i 13) 30 2j November 1275 Tower of London Commission to John de Luvetot to enquire touching Christians of the county of Norfolk acting like Jews [judaizantes] in lending money and other goods to indigent Christians, in taking money after the return thereof, and detaining the pledges. (172) 31 24 November 1275 Tower of London Appointment of the Prior of Norwich and William de Middleton, King's Clerk, to open the chirographers' chest of the King's Jewry in Norwich, and to make scrutiny of the charters and debts found in the same chest, to enrol the said debts, and to send them all to the king under seal. And they are to seal the chest and leave it as they found it, and any charters they find in the hands of the chirographers they are to enrol separately. The like of the following in the following towns: Walter de Helyun and some other person for Hereford and Gloucester. John Wyger and Roger de Evesham for Exeter. Hugh de Stapleford and some other person for Huntingdon, Bedford, Nor? thampton and Oxford. The Prior of Lenton and William de Stirkeslegh for Lincoln and Stamford. (126) 32 24 November 1275 The Tower of London Appointment, as above, of the abbot of Colchester and Walter de Essex to make a scrutiny of the chests of the chirographers of the Jews in Colchester and Sudbury. The like of the following in the following towns: Roger de Northwode and some other person for Canterbury. Robert de Ludham and William Gereberd for Winchester, Wilton, Oxford and Devizes. Nicholas de Stapleton and the Abbot of St Mary's, York, for York. The Prior of St Catherine's without Lincoln and Robert le Blund for Lincoln and Stamford. The abbot of St Augustine's Bristol and Bartholomew le Jeovene, constable of Bristol Casde for Bristol. Bartholomew of Southleigh and some other person for Worcester. (127) 33 20 January 1276 Winchester Grant, in fee simple, to Eleanor, the King's Consort, of a moiety of the houses in Milk Street, London, late of Master Moses, Jew of London, and now in the hands of Cresse son of Elias, Jew of London. (Vacated because otherwise below.) (129) 52</page><page sequence="29">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 34 21 January 12y6 Winchester Grant in fee simple to Eleanor, the King's Consort, of a messuage in Milk Street, in the City of London, late of Master Moses, sometime Jew of London, and now in the hands of Cresse, Jew of London. (131) 35 16 March I2j6 Lincoln Mandate to John de Gaiton and William de Birlay - lately appointed to enquire in the counties of Northampton and Rutland, and at Stamford and elsewhere, touch? ing vagabonds and their receivers, whereby Diay of Holme, Jew of Stamford, was indicted of murders, homicides and receiving of thieves and other trespasses, his body attached, and his goods within the town of Stamford and elsewhere arrested, amongst which was a sum of money concealed within the walls of his house, which was seized for that cause or as treasure trove - to deliver the said sum to Luke de Luke, king's merchant, to the king's use. (137) 36 4 April I2j6 Lincoln Commission to John de Luvetot to enquire touching Christians of the County of Essex who behave like Jews and lend money on usury. (176) 37 7 April i2j6 Lincoln Confirmation of a grant by Eleanor, the King's Consort, to Stephen Cheyndut, to hold as agreed upon between them, of houses in Milk Street in the City of London, late of Master Moses, sometime Jew of London, deceased, whereof she had a grant from the king. By King. (137) 38 7 April 1276 Lincoln Mandate to John de Geyton and William de Birlay to search the houses of Diay of Holme, Jew of Stamford, at Stamford, in gaol there for the death of brother Richard of the Priory of St Michael, Stamford, and his groom, killed in the woods of the Earl of Warwick without Stretton, whereof he is charged, and to take into the king's hands money or other goods he may find. (137) 39 15 May i2j6 Westminster Licence for Aaron son of Vives and Vives his son, Jews, to sell to Master Thomas de Waynfleet all the debts wherein Richard Dunnyng and Joan daughter of Robert Walkefare were bound to them. (141) 40 18 May 12/6 Westminster Licence for Isaac of Provence, Jew, to sell to Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells a debt of ?20 wherein John de La Lade was bound to him. (142) 53</page><page sequence="30">R. R. Mundill 41 18 May I2j6 Westminster Commission to Francis son of Acus' (Accursii) and Nicholas de Stapleton to enquire and do justice to the plaint of the Jews of Oxford that Henry de Shotes brok, Sheriff of Oxford, lately compelled them to pay certain undue extortions to the amount of 40 marks and more for his own use. (177) 42 27 May I2j6 Westminster Licence for Sampson son of Vives, King's Jew of London, to sell to William de Weyford a debt of ?30, wherein Baldwin de Weyford was bound to Aaron son of Abraham, Jew, lately deceased, which debt Sampson bought of Aaron. (144) 43 9 June 1276 Westminster Mandate to William de Middleton to deliver the rolls and writs of the King's Jewry to Adam of Winchester to keep during pleasure. (148) 44 16 June I2j6 Chichester Appointment of Philip de Willoughby and Ralph de Broughton, King's Clerks, to make scrutiny of the debts in the chests of the Jewry of London, and they are to certify the king concerning the amount of such debts, and the names of the debtors; with the mandate to the justice assigned for the custody of the Jews to give them access to the chests. (148) 45 8July 1276 Canterbury Acquittance to the abbot and convent of Fountains for the payment by the hand of Anthony Bek, King's Clerk, archdeacon of Durham, of ?900 sterling, debts of the King's Jewry, wherein they were bound to Josce, nephew of Aaron, and Bonamy, Jews of York; and the king discharges and will hold them and the said Jews harmless thereof. (151) 46 20 July 1276 Westminster Licence for Salomon son of Jacob, Jew of Lincoln, to sell to Master Durand de Newport, a debt in which Walter son of Jordan de Newport was bound to the said Jew. (152) 47 2jjulyi2y6 Westminster Mandate to William de Middleton, King's Clerk - as it appears that he is so burdened with the custody of the rolls and writs and other instruments touching pleas of the Bench, Westminster, committed to his charge, that he has no time for the examination of the collection of the twentieth with Nicholas de Castro, King's Clerk, or for the collection and levying of the tallage on the Jews with the justices appointed for their custody - to deliver the keys relating to the said twentieth and 54</page><page sequence="31">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 tallage to the Barons of the Exchequer, for them to commit to fit persons to execute the said offices. (154) 48 23 July 1276 Westminster Discharge of William de Middleton, King's Clerk, who is engaged in the office of the custody of the rolls before the Justices of the Bench, from levying the arrears of the tallage on the Jews or of the twentieth. (163) 49 26 July 1276 Westminster Inspeximus and confirmation of a charter attested by Gregory de Rokesle, then Mayor of London, John Horn, Ralph le Blund, goldsmith, then Sheriff of London, Henry de Frowyk, then alderman of that ward, Roger le Tayllur, Robert de Muntpellers, Druinus de Taverner, Bartholomew de Castello, Ralph Touny, skin? ner, made by Stephen de Chendut, knight, conveying to Cresse son of Master Elias, Jew of London, a tenement which the said Stephen held by the grant of the king and by gift of Eleanor the King's Consort, in the Parish of St Mary Magdalen in Milk Street, between the tenement of Henry de Frowyk on the south and the tenement of Bonamy, Jew of York, on the north, at a rent of a rose at midsummer, and for 240 marks of silver as earnest. (156-7) 50 31 July 1276 Windsor Appointment of the Mayor and Bailiffs of Oxford to the custody, until Parliament after Michaelmas, of the Jews of that town, so as to remove any occasion of disturbance between the sheriff of the county and the said Jews, and the sheriff is commanded not to intermeddle in any way with the security of their estate [ad infirmacionem status ipsorum], (157) 51 6 A ugust 1276 Odiham Appointment of Gregory de Rokesle, Bartholomew de Castello and Ralph de Broughton to make scrutiny of the chest of the chirographers of the Jews of London, and to make out the charters which they shall find acquitted and place them in another chest by themselves, and to place other charters in the name of Christians not yet acquitted in a second chest by themselves, and other charters in which clear debts are found in a third chest by themselves, the said chests to be sealed with the seals of the said persons, and to be kept safely until further order. (158) 52 2 November 1276 Westminster Simple protection for the Keeper of the House of Converts without London (going beyond seas). (165) 55</page><page sequence="32">R. R. Mundill 53 ij November 1276 Westminter Mandate to Luke de Lucca and his fellow merchants of Lucca, to pay to the following persons ?2314 6s iod, to wit, to - [extract only] Phillip de Willoughby 10 marks for the scrutiny of the chirographer's chest of the Jews of London, and for a scrutiny of writings in the Abbey of Thornton in Holdernesse. H?mo Hauteyn and Robert de Ludham, Justices appointed for the custody of the Jews, ?20 to wit ?10 each in aid of their expenses, Eleanor the King's Mother ?442 18s iod for divers old debts to her. (167-8) 54 75 November 1276 Westminster Licence for Aaron son of Vives his son, Jews, to sell to Master Thomas de Wainfleet all the debts wherein Richard Dunnyng and Joan daughter of Robert Walkefore were bound to them. (141) 55 10 December 1276 Windsor Commission of oyer and terminer to John de Cobham and H?mo Hauteyn, on complaint by William de Leyburn, that whereas he long ago impleaded Hagin son of Master Moses, a Jew, Aaron Crespin and John de Lauffare, before the Justices for the custody of the Jews, touching the forgery of a certain deed under the names of Roger de Leyburn, father of the said William, whose heir he is, and of the said Hagin, concerning a sum of money alleged by the said Hagin to have been received from the latter by the said Roger, and that plea was attermined before the Barons of the Exchequer; he is prepared to show that the said Roger never made the said deed to the said Hagin nor received the said money from him. The Barons of the Exchequer and Justices for the custody of the Jews are commanded to send and receive and process of the said plea to the said John and H?mo. And the Jury is to be of Christians and Jews of the County of Kent and the City of London. (236) 56 10 December 1276 Windsor The like [Commission of oyer and terminer] to John de Lovetot and Gregory de Rokesle touching Christians of the county of Surrey and the City of London who commit usury. The like to the same touching Jews and Christians in the City of London who clip the coin, and Christian accomplices who exchanged the clipped coin for the whole coin. (236) The like to Walter de Stirkesley and Henry de Tybotot, in the town and county of Nottingham. 57 12 December 1276 Windsor Appointment of Robert de Ludham and Ralph de Broughton to open the chests of the chirographers of the Jewry of London, and to make scrutiny of and examine 56</page><page sequence="33">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 the charters and all the debts found in the said chests, and to purge the same according to the tenor of the rolls of the last scrutiny made by Philip de Willoughby and the said Ralph, which are in the custody of Gregory de Rokesle, Mayor of London, with mandate to the said Robert and Ralph to cause to be placed in a chest by themselves the debts said by the Jews and Jewesses to be acquitted, and to be safely guarded so as to be quietiy delivered to the Christians who were bound in the said debts when they may want them, and after such purification to take into the king's hands out of the clear debts of the Jews and Jewesses who are Crown debtors the value of such Crown debts, and to shut up again and seal the aforesaid chests so that they may not be opened until further provision by the king, and it is his wish that this purification endure until Michaelmas next. (184) 58 20 December 1276 Abingdon Grant, at the instance of the Jews of the town of Oxford, that the sheriff of the county shall, as formerly, have the custody of the said Jewry, which by reason of a contention between them and the sheriff, was transferred until Michaelmas last to the mayor of the town. (186) 59 14 January 1277 Bruern Association of brother Joseph de Chauncy, the treasurer, Master Roger de Seyton, and John de Luvetot with Roger de Northwode and John de Cobham to inquire whether Roger de Leyburn in his lifetime was indebted in the Jewry or not. (188) 60 4 February i2jj Woodstock Commission to H?mo Hauteyn and John de Luvetot to deliver the gaol of Newe gate, of Robert Ginge Le Orfevre, in custody there for clipping the coin. (236) 61 jo April i2jj Westminster Appointment of Ralph de Sandwico, the King's Steward, to the custody, during pleasure, of the Abbey of Flaxley, which is in debt to the king in a very large sum, and will continue so for a long time, as well by reason of a loan contracted in the Jewry and elsewhere as of various immense debts to merchants, aliens and denizen, and others; and no sheriff or other minister is to be lodged or inter? meddle therein without special licence. (200) 62 j May 1277 Westminster Grant, for life, to Bonamy and Isaac, King's Jews of Bordeaux, sons of the sometime Bonus, Jew, son of Moses, that they and their wives and goods be quit of all tallages, exactions and demands for 20 marks sterling a year payable at the Exchequer of Bordeaux; with licence for them to dwell where they please in the king's land. This letter was sealed at another time and they had it. (202) 57</page><page sequence="34">i?. R. Mundill 63 7 May i2jj Westminster Licence for Deudone, son of Isaac, a Jew of Winchester, to sell to John de Loveras the debts wherein Richard de Cardeville is bound to the said Jew. (202) 64 24 May i2jj Windsor Commission to Hugh de Digneueton to enquire of the names of all Jews, to enquire and view in what cities, boroughs and towns they dwell, and whether they wear their badges and comport themselves according to the form of the provision lately made with the common council of the realm, to wit, that all Jews shall dwell in the king's own cities and boroughs wherein the chests of chirographers are wont to be, that every Jew after the age of seven shall wear a badge in the form of two tablets of yellow felt, six inches long by three wide, on his outer garment, and that every Jew, male or female, after the age of twelve, shall pay 3d a year for chevage; and the constable of the Tower of London is to be attendant upon him in all shrievalties. (240) 65 jo May 12"/7 Windsor Power to John de Cobham, Philip de Willoughby, and William de Middleton, to tallage the Jews in the realm. (211) 66 jo May ujj Windsor Grant to Elias son of Benedict of London, Jew of Bordeaux, that he and his wife and their goods be quit of all tallages, exactions and demands, for one mark yearly, payable at the Exchequer of Bordeaux and that he may dwell where he pleases in the king's land. (211) 67 2 June 1277 Windsor Grant to Master Elias son of Master Moses, Cresse son of the said Elias, and Aaron son of Vives, Jews of London, that they may carry on their lawful trades in the realm according to the form of the statute lately provided by the council touching usury, and that their debtors, who are lawfully bound to them by writings or in other ways, be distrained, by Justices appointed to the custody of the Jews. (212) 68 20 June i2jj Brill Mandate to Roger de Northwode to go in person, at his next coming into Kent, to the chest of chirographers of the Jews of Canterbury, lately sealed with his seal, and to cause the same to be opened and all the charters in it to be transcribed, and those which are quit to be delivered to the Christians who have acquitted them. Appointment of John de Cobham, Philip de Willoughby and William de Mid? dleton, to assess a tallage and levy it on the Jews of England as speedily as possible; with power to them to levy and collect such tallage on the goods, chattels, and 58</page><page sequence="35">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 debts of any Jews who keep it back, and to compel those who rebel in this respect by exile or abjuration to pay their portions. (215) 69 25 June i2jj Woodstock Grant to Benedict, Jew of Winchester, that he may trade in the realm, in accordance with the statute provided by the council, and that his debtors be distrained by the Justices for the custody of the Jews. (215) 70 18 October 1277 Shrewsbury Commission of oyer and terminer to H?mo Hauteyn and William Brayboef by jury of Christians and Jews of the town of Winchester, touching the persons who lately assaulted Abraham son of Benedict, Jew of that town, so that his life was despaired of, and carried away his goods. The case is to be tried according to the custom of the Jewry. (244-5) 71 2g December i2jj Westminster Grant to Hugh son of Otto and to his heirs that they shall not be held for any debts incurred by reason of any contract entered into between Stephen de Cheyndut and any Jews in the realm before Christmas, 6 Edward I on the manor of Iseleham stede, co. Buckingham, lately granted to the said Hugh by the said Stephen in fee simple, nor shall be distrained in the said manor for such debts, saving to the Crown and Jews aforesaid the power of recovery of such debts on other lands and tenements of the said Stephen. (Vacated because otherwise in the schedule attached.) (249) 72 6 January 1278 The Tower of London Licence for Bonamy son of Josce, Jew of York, to trade in accordance with the late statute and grant that his debtors be distrained by the Justices for the custody of the Jews. (253) 73 18 January 12j8 Westminster Commission to Roger de Norwode and Bartholomew de Briancoun to inquire into the plaint of Manser son of Aaron, a Jew of London, that a portion of clipped coin, with the forceps employed in clipping it, tied up in a cloth, was maliciously thrown on the top of his house in the City of London and found there, by reason of which he was imprisoned on suspicion, and has prayed for an inquiry as to the parties who were guilty of the clipping and throwing or placing the clipped coin where it was found. (285) 74 18 January 12j8 Westminster Pardon to Robert de Haiested, king's yeoman, of ?48 14s iod, wherein he was bound at the Exchequer for old debts of the Jewry. (253) 59</page><page sequence="36">R. R. Mundill 75 7 February i2j8 Dover The like [Commission of oyer and terminer] to Robert de Tybotot touching the following matter: Agatha wife of Robert Nemek long ago impleaded Henna wife of Solomon son of Bonenfaunt, Jew of Nottingham, before the official of the arch? deacon of Nottingham, contrary to law and the custom of the Jewry, touching contumelious blasphemies in contempt of the Christian faith against the said Agatha, for which she had previously impleaded the said Henna before the said Robert, and for which the said Henna is prepared to stand trial before the king or the Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews, or any other whom the king may depute. The said Robert is appointed accordingly. (287) 76 11 February I2j8 Dover Commission to H?mo Hauteyn and Bartholomew de Briancoun to enquire by jury of Christians and Jews, to be provided by the Constable of the Tower of London, whether Isaac de Berkhamstead, a Jew of London, when indicted of clipped coin found in his house, and accordingly attached by the Constable of the Tower, was compelled, though not guilty, to find mainpernors to purge his innocence. (287) 77 18 February i2j8 Canterbury Acquittance to the abbot and convent of Fountains of ?990 13s 4d wherein they are bound to Josce le Jeovene and Bonamy his son-in-law, Jews of York, to wit, to the former ?757 7s 8d and to the latter ?223 6s 8d which sums the king lately gave to Anthony Bek, at whose mandate the abbot and convent have paid the same, as Philip de Willoughby has acknowledged before the king, he having received the same on behalf of the said Anthony. (259-60) 78 18 May I2j8 Westminster Commission of oyer and terminer to Robert de Ludham and Salomon de Roffa by jury of men as well within the banlieu of Tonbridge as without, touching the following matter: Moses son of Elias le Blund, a Jew, lately impleaded William Polle and Matilda his wife, whom he asserts are tenants of lands late of Amandus de Legh, before the Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews, for ?60, wherein Amandus was bound to him by charters; which ?60 they alleged before the said Justices they were not bound to pay, because they do not hold any lands which ever belonged to Amandus in fee, and Amandus never held any fee or free tenement in those lands whereby he could cause such lands to be bound in the Jewry. They are to settle the matter. (267) 79 29 May I2j8 Westminster The like [Commission of oyer and terminer] to Henry de Nottingham and William de Herleston, Constable of Nottingham Casde, by jury as well of Christians as of Jews, touching Henna, Jewess of Nottingham, who lately in the public market 60</page><page sequence="37">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 there assaulted Agatha wife of Robert son of Nemek and assailed her with abusive words scandalizing her and the Christian people standing round and spitting in her face. (290) 80 26 June 1278 Westminster Inspeximus of a letter of Henry III, torn by negligence, being a grant by Hagin son of Master Moses, Jew, to Roger de Clifford, of a debt of ?106 and a yearly fee of ?20 wherein Roger de Eyvill was bound to him. (272) 81 28 June 1278 Westminster Appointment of Joseph de Chauncy, the treasurer, John de Cobham and Philip de Willoughby, to levy without delay the arrears of the great tallage assessed on the commonalty of the Jews of England in 2 Edward I by the said treasurer. The Justices for the custody of the Jews and Master William de Middleton, King's Clerk, lately appointed to levy the said tallage, are commanded to deliver to them all the rolls of the assessment and all other memoranda. (273) 82 15 July 1278 Windsor Appointment of Joseph de Chauncy, Prior of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in England, Walter de Helyun, John de Cobham and Philip de Willoughby to assess a tallage on the commonalty of the Jews of England as quickly as possible; they are to levy it on the goods, chattels and debts of the Jews aforesaid, and to compel by exile and abjuration of the realm rebellious Jews to pay the same tallage. Writ de intendendo directed to the said Jews. (274) 83 13 November 1278 Westminster Mandate to Reiner de Lucca and Orlandinus de Podio, merchants of Lucca, to receive 3000 marks which the Treasurer and Chamberlains of the Exchequer will deliver to them of the tallage last assessed upon the commonalty of the Jews of England, and to deliver that sum to Giles de Audenarde, King's Clerk, Keeper of the Works of the Tower of London for the said works. (282) 84 2 January i2jg Winchester Mandate, at the prayer of the Prior Provincial of the Friar Preachers, to sheriffs and all bailiffs and others, to induce the Jews, by such means as they under inspiration of the spirit of truth may think most efficient, to assemble and hear without tumult, contention, or blasphemy, the word of God preached by the friars, and to see that the rest do not interfere with those who become converted. (356) 85 5 January i2jg Windsor Commission of oyer and terminer to Stephen de Penecestre, Walter de Helyun and John de Cobham, in the City of London and in the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, 61</page><page sequence="38">R. R. Mundill Sussex, Kent, Essex, Hertford, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Buck? ingham, Bedford, Oxford and Berkshire, touching clippers of the coin, as well Jews as Christians, and their accomplices and abettors, and touching those who exchange lawful money for a greater number of clipped coin, or who buy the clippings; those who entered the houses and dwellings [mansiones] of the Jews lately taken and detained in prison after they were searched, made fast, and taken into the king's hands; those who carried away treasure and goods found therein; or other offenders against the provision of the Council made at Windsor. The like to Bartholomew de Southleigh, William de Braybouef and Adam le Botiller for the counties of Southampton, Wilts, Somerset, Dorset, Devon, Corn? wall, Gloucester, Worcester, Hereford and Salop and Stafford. The like to John Bek, Alexander de Kirketon and Ranulph de Acre for the counties of York, Northumberland, Cumberland, Lancaster, Westmoreland, Not? tingham, Derby, Lincoln, Northampton, Rutland, Warwick and Leicester. The like to Stephen de Penecestre, Walter de Helyun and John de Cobham, who are to view, examine and make scrutiny of the money in the King's Exchanges of London and Canterbury and St Edmund's, and to hear and determine all trespasses committed by the keepers, ministers and workmen of the said exchanges in relation to the coinage contrary to what was lately ordained at Windsor before the King's Council. (338) 86 3 March i2jg Woodstock Mandate to the above Reiner de Lucca and his fellows to pay to H?mo Hauteyn and Robert de Ludham, Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews, 20 marks each for their expenses in their office of the sixth year. (304) 87 12 March i2jg Woodstock Acquittance to Philip de Willoughby of ?130 delivered in the Wardrobe, on Monday before St Gregory the Pope, to Master Thomas Bek, keeper thereof, pardy issuing out of the moneys of condemned Jews lately found in the King's Jewry at Oxford, and pardy out of moneys arising from the sale of goods of such Jews made by him. (305) 88 28 April 1279 Westminster Mandate to Stephen de Pencestre, Walter de Helyun and their fellows, appointed to hear and determine pleas of the coin, and Philip de Willoughby, King's Clerk, to deliver to Orlandinus de Podio, merchant of Lucca and Gregory de Rokesle, Keepers of the Exchange, all the money and silver as well in bullion as in specie and otherwise which they have of the goods of Jews and other transgressors against the coinage. The like to John Bek and his fellows, like Justices. The like to Bartholomew de Southleigh and his fellows, like Justices. (312) 62</page><page sequence="39">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 89 28 April 127g Westminster The like [Mandate] to the same [merchants of Lucca] to pay to Philip de Wil loughby, receiver of the goods of condemned Jews in divers counties, ?20 in aid of his expenses in that office. (311) 90 25 June 127g Leeds Mandate to the Abbot of St Augustine's, Bristol, to deliver all the money and other goods which John le Falconer, late receiver of the goods of condemned Jews, placed in his custody, to the executors of the will of the said John, for them to deal with as the king shall instruct them. (317) 91 5 July 127g Westminster Grant, at the instance of Edmund, the king's brother, to Aaron son of Vives, Jew of London, who was granted to the said Edmund by Henry III with all his goods and chattels, that he shall not be molested by reason of any trespass touching the clipping of the coin. (318) 92 7 July 127g Westminster Writ of aid directed to all bailiffs and subjects, and the king's friends, as well beyond the seas as this side of the sea, in favour of Henry of Winchester, who has bought the goods of certain Jews hanged for trespasses of the coinage in the realm, to wit, cloths, robes, furs, books of Christians and of Jews, copper lamps and girdles of silk, and who is about to dispose of them this side and beyond seas. (320) 93 tfjuly I279 Windsor Pardon to Master Elias son of Master Moses, Jew of London, of all trespasses and excesses touching the king's money or the clipping thereof. Licence for him to sell his houses in the City of London. (322) 94 1 August 127g Brill Power to William de Braybouef to sell, in the way enjoined upon him by word of mouth, all the houses, lands and rents of Jews condemned for trespasses, in those places where he is appointed to enquire into such trespasses. (323) 95 6 November 127g Westminster Grant to the bailiffs and good men of Huntingdon of Pontage for three years from St Martin in Winter 7 Edward I including amongst other customs, 'on every Jew or Jewess crossing the bridge on horseback id, on foot id\ For the collection and custody of the same pontage the following persons are appointed, to wit, Jordan de Houcton, warden of the work of the said bridge, Roger de Drayton, parson of the church of All Saints, Nicholas Caperoun, Andrew Boxton, Richard le Teinturer and Henry Page, on condition that they answer for the receipt of the same twice 63</page><page sequence="40">R. R. Mundill yearly to the said bailiffs and good men, and upon testimony of the latter deliver the said money to make the works of the bridge. (331) 96 12 November i2jg Westminster Inspeximus of a grant by Eleanor, the King's Consort, to Henry Oweyn, Burgess of Oxford, of a messuage, a solar and a garden with a well within the town of Oxford, to wit, a messuage late of Jacob the Jew, son of Master Moses, Jew of London, situated between the houses of the Bishop of Chester and the house of Elias son of Bassina, a Jew, in the parish of St Martin; the whole solar late of the said Jacob, opposite the said church of St Martin; and the whole garden with the well late of the said Elias: all which tenements the queen had of the gift of the king, to hold in fee simple at a rent of id. Witnesses: Sir John de Vescy, John de Luvetot, Geoffrey de Pycheford, Bartholomew de Briancoun, Master Geoffrey de Aspale, Walter de Kent and others. (332-3) 97 13 November 127g Westminster Pardon, at the instance of Eleanor, the King's Mother, to William de Leyburn, son and heir of Roger de Leyburn, of all debts and accounts due to the king at last Christmas at the Exchequer in his Jewry, as well his own as those of his father, during the time the latter was in the service of Henry III in Gascony and elsewhere while he was the King's Steward and Steward of the Household of the king's father. (334) 98 13 November i2jg Westminster Licence for Manser son of Aaron, Jew of London, to sell to Nicholas de Eketon and Margery his wife, a house in the street of Basingshaw, in the Parish of St Michael's, London, situated between land of the said Nicholas, which was sometime of Hugh le Norreys, and houses of Aaron son of Vives, Jew, which house contains in length 28? ells 6 inches, and in breadth 4 ells 7 inches; also i6id rent receivable from the heirs of William de Manhale as appurtenant to the said house; also a plot in the same street with stone walls lying latitudinally between the land sometime of Sampson son of Abraham of Hereford, and land sometime of Simon le Fuster and now in the hands of the said Nicholas, containing 225 ells 3 inches towards the street, and in length 26 ells at one end and 29 ells at the other with a wall there extending northwards. Walter de Helyun ordered it by the king. (333) 99 15 November i2jg Westminster Mandate to the Justices appointed for the custody of the Jews not to intermeddle without the consent of Edmund, the king's brother [Nisi de voluntatepredicti fratris], in the matters concerning the person or the goods and chattels of Aaron son of Vives, Jew of London, who was granted by Henry III at the requisition of Edward I to his brother Edmund with his goods and chattels, which grant the king after 64</page><page sequence="41">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 wards confirmed, the said Edmund having given security that he will have the said Aaron before the king at the king's will, and the king having granted that all matters concerning him and needing judicial examination shall be heard and determined before the king and the said Edmund. And he has another letter without the addition 'Nisi, etc.'. (336) 100 15 November 127g Westminster Confirmation of a grant by Eleanor, the King's Consort, to John Sampson and Roger Basy, citizens of York, of the whole land, with buildings and appurtenances, and with a school built thereon, and with steps to the entrance of the said land, situated in breadth between land of William de Clervaus towards the south, land late of Josce le Jovene, Jew, nephew of Aaron, towards the north, and in length from the high road of Coney Street towards the east, to the river [ripam] called Ouse towards the west, to hold of the said queen in fee simple. Grant at the instance of the said queen, to the said John and Roger, that they be quit to the present date of all debts and exactions to the Jewry by reason of the above premises. (334) 101 15 November 127g Westminster Pardon, at the instance of Eleanor, the King's Consort, to Robert de Crevequer, of all debts, arrears, penalties, usuries and all other demands which may be exacted from him by reason of the Jewry, from the beginning of time to the present date, on account of any contract or other reason whatever. Grant, at the instance of Eleanor, the King's Consort, to Henry Oweyn, with respect to the premises confirmed to him above [Membrane 3 page 333] that he be quit of all debts and exactions to the Jewry by reason thereof. Pardon, at the instance of Eleanor, the King's Consort, to William de Leyburn, son and heir of Roger de Leyburn, deceased, of all debts and accounts due from him at the Exchequer and in the Jewry, as well his own as those of his said father during the time his father was in the service of Henry III, and the king's service in Gascony and England and elsewhere, and was Steward of the Household of Henry III up to Christmas last; also of all arrears, reliefs, prises, amercements, fines and receipts due from his father while he was Justice of the Forest beyond the Trent, sheriff, constable, warden of the Cinque Ports, chamberlain of Middleton or elsewhere, or any other bailiff or minister of Henry III or the king, the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, the Justices appointed to the custody of the Jews, and Adam de Winton are commanded to acquit him accordingly. (334-5) 102 17 November 127g Westminster Power to Master Thomas de Sodington, Hugh of Kendal and the Mayor of York, to sell houses within the City of York and without, late of Jews of there and elsewhere, hanged for felony, and of other Jews who refused to go to a jury and to 65</page><page sequence="42">R. R. Mundil! enfeoff others thereof; also to H?mo Hauteyn, the aforesaid Hugh, and Thomas son of Robert, to sell such houses in the City of Lincoln; also to the same H?mo, Hugh, and Gilbert de Cestreton in the town of Stamford; also to the same H?mo, Hugh and the Sheriff of Warwick in the town of Warwick. (337) 103 26 November 127g Windsor Licence for Aaron son of Isaac of Worcester, Jew, to sell the houses which he has in Worcester for the purpose of paying his debts to the king, as the king under? stands from the Justices appointed for the custody of the Jews that the houses of the said Aaron are neither forfeited to the king nor in the king's hands for any reason. (355) 104 28 November i2jg Windsor Power to Walter de Helyun to sell in the king's name all the houses, lands and tenements late of certain Jews, which escheated to the king by their forfeiture by reason of trespasses touching the king's money in the City of London, and the counties of Middlesex, Sussex, Surrey, Kent, Essex, Hertford, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Buckingham, Bedford, Oxford and Berks. (352) 105 6 January 1280 Winchester Grant to Master Ralph le Sauser, King's Sergeant, of the custody of the lands and heirs of John Loveraz, tenant in chief, during the minority of his heirs, with the marriage of the said heirs, and of all the debts in which Richard de Cardervill was bound to Deudone, a Jew, who was hanged, and the pledge vadium which the said Jew had in the lands of the said Richard. (360) 106 6 January 1280 Winchester Grant to Hugh son of Otto (in compensation for the custody of the Serjeanty of the Dies of London and Canterbury, late of Thomas son of Otto, deceased, and which had been granted to the said Hugh during the minority of the aforesaid heirs [sic] on condition that he could exact no right or claim, during the said custody) of a moiety of the garden and manor of Chilwarton and Dunesawage, with a rent of 13s 4d a year from Percival son of Thomas de Chilwarton, and of 6s 8d a year from Thomas le Waleys in Chilwarton, formerly in the hands of Benedict son of Licoricia, sometime Jew of Winchester, who was hanged for felony; and of all the debts, arrears and fees due from the said Thomas de Chilwarton to the said Jew, and of all the debts due from the said Thomas and his heirs to Jospin son of Deulegard, a Jew. Mandate in pursuance to the Justices for the custody of the Jews. (357) 107 6 January 1280 Winchester Grant to Aaron son of Vives, Jew of London, that out of the clearer debts and 66</page><page sequence="43">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 obligations in the king's hands, in compensation of a debt due to him by Gilbert Pecche, which the said Aaron granted to Eleanor, the King's Consort, there be assigned, levied and delivered to him in the king's name a like amount, and that if any debt so assigned be found to be quitted, then another in place of it be granted to him. (359) 108 6 January 1280 Winchester Amended grant to him, in compensation for the said debt of Gilbert Pecche, that there be assigned to him a like amount out of the clearer debts and obligations of condemned Jews or others in the king's hands. (359) 109 7 January 1280 Winchester Commission of oyer and terminer to H?mo Hauteyn and Walter of Kent by jury of Jews and Christians of the City of London as to the goods of Jacob of Oxford, Jew, lately deceased, who, together with his goods, debts and chattels, was granted by the king long since when last in Gascony to Eleanor his consort, the said goods having come to the hands of divers persons. (407) no 20 January 1280 Lyndhurst Power to Robert le Baud, Sheriff of Northampton, Robert son of Henry, Mayor of Northampton, and John le Clerk, burgess of the town of Northampton, to sell the king's houses which have escheated to him in the said town by the forfeiture of Jews of the same who have been hanged, or have refused the verdict of a jury [veredictum patrie]. (362) in 20 February 1280 Clarendon Appointment of Master Philip de Willoughby, King's Clerk, to sell the books and other goods, late of certain Jews of Oxford, forfeited, for trespass of the coinage, to the king. (363) 112 26 February 1280 Marlborough Appointment of John de Cobham and Adam de Winton to levy the debts late of condemned Jews who were fugitives, converts to Christianity, and other Jews whose chattels have been forfeited to the king for clipping the coin, and the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer are to deliver to them the chirographs, bonds, tallies, charters and feoffments, Starrs, and all instruments in their hands relating to the said debts. (364) 113 2 March 1280 Down Ampney Safe-conduct, until midsummer, for Master Elias son of Moses, Jew of London, and Abraham Motun, Jew, of the said Master Elias, going to the parts of Flanders. (364) 67</page><page sequence="44">R. R. Mundill 114 4 March 1280 Down A mpney Licence for Doucemannus Le Prestre, Jew of Winchester, to sell to Master Ralph le Sauser, King's Sergeant, a solar in the City of Winchester, adjoining the house of Deudeneye of Winchester, a Jew lately hanged in that city, to hold according to the conditions contained in a charter made to the said Ralph by the said Dou? cemannus. (365) 115 26 May 1280 Westminster Mandate to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer in pursuance of the following regulations [for the maintenance of the House of Converts, London]. Whereas the king believes that the conversion of Jewish depravity to the Catholic faith would specially be to the increase of faith and worship of the name of Christ, he therefore, in order that those who have already turned from their blindness to the light of the Church may be strengthened in the firmness of their faith, and those who still persist in their error may more willingly and readily turn to the grace of the faith, has taken measures, under divine guidance, to provide health? fully for their maintenance. Although all the goods of Jews who are converted to the faith pertain to the king fully of right and custom, willing nevertheless to do them special grace after they have become sons and faithful members of the Church, the king grants them for their maintenance a moiety of the value of all their goods whatsoever in the realm; but, as to the other moiety of their goods, and as to the goods of Jews henceforth condemned or forfeited for any cause whatever, the king's alms called 'deodands' (after the expiration of the grant thereof to the Friars Preachers), and the chevage of the King's Jews of England, the king wills that all these shall be collected and taken to the Exchequer for the maintenance of converts of honest conversation, and decrees that there shall be set apart for them until the end of seven years, to be fully assigned to them by the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer and the principal warden of the said house. And as the care of the said house requires that a discreet man should continually reside there, the king wills that a fit priest be deputed thereto, who in the king's chapel there, with a fellow-priest, whether a convert or not, and a needful clerk or clerks, shall personally serve there and continually reside, who shall collect the rents of the house, receive the above-mentioned goods, alms and chevage at the Exchequer, and distribute their portions amongst the converts, and conduct the affairs of the house in all things, within and without, with the advice of the warden. Those converts who are skilful to learn secular handicrafts or mysteries are to be set to them by the warden, and are to be maintained by their portions until they are able to support themselves by their work, when their portions shall be withdrawn and assigned to the fabric and repair of the chapel or to the support of other converts at the will of the chief warden; with the proviso that the surplus of the goods aforesaid which may remain over and above the portions assigned for the support of the converts be applied to the fabric of the chapel and the necessary uses of the 68</page><page sequence="45">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 same. The said priest shall receive out of the aforesaid goods and chattels his reasonable support yearly, and that of his fellow-chaplain and of his clerk or clerks. If in the house aforesaid there be a chaplain, a convert, fit and honest, who can serve the chapel, the priest is to retain him in preference to any stranger. The priest shall maintain the burdens ordinary and extraordinary of the chapel at the cost of the house, and shall render to the Treasurer and Barons a yearly account of his receipts and expenses in pursuance. (371-2) 116 5 June 1280 Westminster Licence for Deudone Crespin, Jew of York, to sell certain houses in that city to Alan de Walkingham, to hold according to the conditions of the charter made between them. (377) 117 6 June 1280 Westminster Inspeximus of letters patent of Walter de Helyun to Thomas de Weylaund, dated at London on the morrow of the Ascension, 8 Edward I selling to him by order of the king, the term of eight years which Abraham son of Deulecresse, Jew of Norwich, drawn and burned for the blasphemy of which he was convicted, had in the manor of Kelling by demise of Sir James son of Gilbert, and the issues of the same from the date at which it came into the hands of the king, and the chattels late of the said Jew found therein, for 50 marks to be paid to Sir Philip de Willoughby appointed to receive the same on the king's behalf. (377) 118 10 June 1280 Westminster Inspeximus of a charter of Roger de Clifford the elder, granting to the mayor and citizens of London and the commonalty of the said city all his land with the houses built thereon, late of John son of Geoffrey in the said city, to wit, land lying between the lands of Aaron son of Vives, Slema, late the wife of Peytevin Le Fort, Belassez, late the wife of Leo son of Preciosa, Jews, and Sir Mathew de Colum bariis, knight, on one side towards the south, lands of William son of Richard the Tailor [Cissoris] and of the citizens of the city towards the north, and extending in length from the high road called Bassingshaw on the east to lands of the citizens on the west. Also 12s of yearly quit rent, to wit, 8s yearly from the whole tenement which the prior and canons of Holy Trinity, London, in the market place of London, between the tenement of John son of Peter on one side and Ironmongers Lane on the other, and 4s from the whole tenement which Benedict Bateman, Jew, holds in the Jewry, London, between the tenement of Stephen Eswy on the east and that of Gamaliel the Jew on the west; to hold at a rent of a rose at midsummer, the mayor and citizens having given an earnest of 300 marks. Witnesses: Sirs Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, then Chancellor, Anthony Bek, Archdeacon of Durham, John de Vescy, Hugh son of Otto, King's Steward, Ralph de Hengham, 69</page><page sequence="46">R. R. Mundill John de Luvetot, Ralph de Berners, Roger de Bachesworth, Henry le Waleys, William de Dunolmia, John Horn and others. (381) 119 10 June 1280 Westminster Licence for Isaac of Southwark, Jew of Southwaerk, to sell to William de Seleburn a house of his in Shoemakers Street in the City of Winchester, to hold according to the charter made by him and the said William. (379) 120 10 June 1280 Westminster The like [oyer and terminer] to Richard de Holebrok and Oliver de Ingham touch? ing the right claimed by Margaret, late the wife of William Bernard, in certain goods at Dunwich, formerly belonging to Isaac son of Benedict of London, Jew of Norwich, who was hanged for a trespass against the coinage, and all his goods forfeited to the king. (411) 121 10 June 1280 Westminster Licence for Henna daughter of Leo of York and Elias her son, Jews of York, to sell to Henry de Brylaund a house of theirs in that city situated in Coney Street, to hold in the manner specified in a charter made by the said Jews to the said Henry. (380) 122 23 July 1280 Leighton Buzzard Licence for Bonamy son of Jacob, Jew of Oxford, to sell to Vives son of Bonen faunt, Jew of Gloucester, a house in Oxford in the great street of the King's Jewry there. (391) 123 24 July 1280 Newport Pagnell Licence for Master Elias son of Master Moses, Jew of London, to sell his debts to the amount of ?500. (392) 124 26 July 1280 Northampton Grant in fee simple, to Mathew de Columbariis, of the houses in Cattestrete, in the Parish of St Lawrence, in the city of London, late of Aaron Crespin, a Jew, who was hanged for a trespass against the coinage. (389) 125 7 October 1280 Lincoln Licence for Deudone Crespin, Jew of York, to sell to Laurence de Bothum, citizen of York, a house of his in Coney Street, in the parish of St Martin's, York, between a house late of Benedict son of Josce, Jew, on one side and a house of Bonamy son of Josce, Jew of London, on the other side. (398) 70</page><page sequence="47">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 126 10 November 1280 Westminster Licence for Ursellus son of Isaac le Evesk, Jew of Norwich, to sell his houses there, situated between the house of Genta la Veve, Jewess, and that of Isaac of Yarnmouth, Jew, in the street of Mancroft in the Parish of St Peter. (403) 127 10 February 1281 Disning Licence for Columba, a Jewish widow, daughter of Isaac of Norwich and Abraham her son, Jew of Norwich, to sell to any person her house in that town, between the House of Thomas de Bynetre towards the north and that of Eliseus son of Elias, Jew, towards the south, and its west end abuts on the high road and its east end on a place called Cockeye in the parish of St Peter Mancroft. (424) 128 20 February 1281 Windsor Licence for Manser son of Aaron and Abraham son of Isaac, Jews of London, to sell to Giles de Audenarde, King's Clerk, a debt of ?24, due to them by Saer son of Godin Hay of Wautham, and for the said Giles to buy the same. (425) 129 28 March 1281 Clarendon Confirmation of the following grants, in fee simple, by Eleanor, the King's Mother, of messuages, etc., in the town of Marlborough: To William de Staunford of a messuage late of Salomon, Jew. To the same a moiety of a tenement late of Benedict, Jew. To William de Windlesore of a moiety of a messuage with a garden late of the said Benedict. To the same, a messuage late of Salomon, Jew. To Philip de Staunburn of a messuage late of Jospin, Jew, son of Salomon, Jew. To Richard Pollard of Dinesly of a messuage with gardens, curtilages and other appurtenances sometimes of Lumbard son of Salomon, Jew. To Henry Scot of a house late of Lumbard son of Lumbard, Jew. To Richard, Usher of the Hall of the said Eleanor, of a messuage late of Lumbard of Petersfield, Jew. To Hugh de Boveneye of a messuage with a curtilage in Andevere late of Cok son of Aaron, Jew. To Richard, her marshal, of a messuage in Marlborough late of Sweteman, Jew. (428-9) 130 28 March 1281 Clarendon Commission to Adam of Winchester to enquire by jury of Christians and Jews in the counties of Oxford and Berkshire touching goods of gold and silver, pledges, jewels and other moveables late of Jews condemned for clipping the money, which have remained in the hands of their wives or of certain Christians or other Jews, and to do therein what should be done according to the custom of the Jewry. (470) 7i</page><page sequence="48">R. R. Mundill 131 75 May 1281 Westminster Grant, at the instance of Eleanor, the King's Consort, and with the assent of the commonalty of the Jews of England, that Hagin son of Deulecress, Jew of London, shall hold for life the office of priest of the said Jews [presbiteratus Judeorum eorundem] as Hagin son of Master Moses, sometime Jew of London, deceased, or any other before him, formerly held that office; directed to all justices and others and to the Jews of England, who are to protect the said Hagin in his office. And if any offence shall be done to him, it shall be amended to him, as to the king's demesne Jew whom he specially retains in the said office, saving to the king the amends due to the king as his forfeiture. (433) 132 77 May 1281 Westminster Licence for Aaron Le Blund, Elias his son and Benedict Le Evesk and Bona daughter of Elias, Jews of Hereford, to sell to Walter de Hopton a debt of 40 marks, in which Roger de Calnhull was bound to the said Aaron, Elias and Benedict; for the said Walter to buy it from them, according to the form of the provision of Henry III. (434) 133 18 May 1281 Westminster Licence for Jacob son of Josces, Jew of London, to sell to Gregory de Rokesle a moiety of a messuage in London, which is between the land of Master Elias son of Master Moses, Jew of London, towards the north, land of Slenia, late the wife of Master Isaac of Oxford, Jew, towards the south, the west end whereof abuts on the high road called 'Colechurchelane' and the east end on the land of Friars of the Penance. (435) 134 27 May 1281 Westminster Pardon to Robert de Halstede, king's yeoman, of ?48 14s iod wherein he was bound at the Exchequer for old debts of the Jewry. (438) 135 28 May 1281 Westminster Licence for Moses son of Jacob and Isaac Le Evesk, Jews of London, to sell to John of Kent a house in the town of Oxford in the parish of St Aldate's, between the house of Vives of Gloucester, Jew of Oxford, towards the north, and that of Moses son of Jacob, Jew, towards the south, and the west end whereof abuts on the high road; unless it be the king's escheat. (440) 136 72 June 1281 Langley Acquittance to Henry de Dernegate, citizen of Winchester, of 190 marks, paid by him to Philip de Willoughby, King's Clerk, on Wednesday, St Barnabas day, 9 Edward I, being part of 1000 marks, in which he was condemned before the 72</page><page sequence="49">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 justices last in eyre in the county of Southampton for the concealment of goods of Benedict of Winchester, a Jew, who was hanged. (443) 137 7 July 1281 Westminster Acknowledgement of the receipt from the township of Plumsted, on Ascension day, 9 Edward I, by the hand of Master William de Luda, Keeper of the Ward? robe, of ?11 found on Josces, Jew of Guildford, outside Plumsted killed by thieves. By letters patent of the said William sealed with his seal. (448) 138 13 July 1281 Westminster The like [Commission of oyer and terminer] to H?mo Hauteyn and Walter of Kent to enquire in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Leicester and North? ampton as to certain debts of the Jewry affecting the king, according to the tenor of a schedule delivered to them by the king. (473) 139 27 July 1281 Copford Acquittance to Stephen de Schorn [in the margin 'Thorn'], Canon of Lincoln, of ?20 in which he was lately amerced for the chattels of Moses son of Moses of Clare, Jew of Lincoln, which he long detained against the king's proclamation, the said Jew having had ?10 of it according to the testimony of the said John [de London]; the said John to be responsible for that sum [sic]. This was testified by a letter close of the said John sent to Releye when the king was at Hebrigge. (452) 140 12 October 1281 Winchester Licence for Samuel of York, Jew of London, to sell, unless it be the king's escheat, a messuage in the City of York, in Coney Street, between the houses of Paulinus de Manbray and that of Adam Verdeuel on condition that he do not sell it in mortmain. (458) 141 15 October 1281 Winchester Appointment of John de Cobham, H?mo Hauteyn, Robert de Ludham and Master Henry de Bray to open the chests of the chirographers, and to view, make scrutiny of and transcribe the charters, Starrs and muniments therein and to make extracts therefrom, so that the debts of the king may be levied as of right and according to the custom of the Exchequer of the King's Jewry; so that three rolls be made of the charters, Starrs and muniments aforesaid, one to be delivered to the Barons of the Exchequer, another to remain in the Exchequer of the Jewry, and the third in the custody of Master Henry de Bray aforesaid, for delivery to the king. (458) 142 21 October 1281 Guildford Appointment of H?mo Hauteyn, Robert de Ludham and Master Henry de Bray to 73</page><page sequence="50">R. R. Mundill open the chests of the chirographers, and to view, make scrutiny of and transcribe the charters, Starrs and muniments, and all the debts of condemned Jews and those pertaining to the king by reason of his Jewry in any other manner, and to make extracts of therefrom, and to levy the money due to him thereout, as ought to be done according to law and the custom of the Exchequer of the Jewry, and to cause to be made three rolls, one of which is to be delivered to the Barons of the Exchequer, another to the Exchequer of the Jewry, the third to remain in the custody of Master Henry de Bray, for delivery to the king. (459) 143 26 October 1281 Westminster Licence for Isaac de Southwark and Zipporah his wife to sell to William de Thelnetham, citizen of London, a messuage in the City of London, situated in the parish of St Michael in Bassingshaw, between the house of Michael Oyntel and that of Thomas de Weseham and Sarah his wife. (459) 144 6 November 1281 Westminster Confirmation to John Sampsonis, citizen of York, of the grant in fee-simple made to him by William de Hamelton, King's Serjeant, of the houses in Coney Street within the City of York, late of Josce le Jovene, sometime Jew of York, deceased, and which the said William has of the gift of the king. (462) 145 6 November 1281 Westminster Licence for Moses son of Jacob and Cresse his brother, Jews of Oxford, to sell their messuage in Oxford in the street called Little Jewry, between the house of Hugh Cary on one side and the house of Agatha le Flurmongester on the other, and their place in the same street between the house of the said Agatha towards the east and that of Robert de Driffeud towards the west, to John of Kent, and for the said John, at the instance of Walter of Kent, King's Clerk, to buy the same. (462) 146 10 November 1281 Westminster The like [Ratification of a demise] of a sale by Robert le Baud, Sheriff of Nor? thampton, to William Dachet, King's Serjeant, of a house in Northampton, late of Benedict de Celario, Jew, which came to the king's hands by forfeiture. (463) 147 27 November 1281 Westminster Licence for Isaac of Southwark, Jew of Southwark, to sell his houses in South? wark, but not to put them in mortmain. (4) 148 26 November 1281 Westminster Grant to Abraham son of Master Elias, Jew of London, of the custody of Hagin son of Vives son of Master Moses, Jew, and of the lands and tenements, goods and 74</page><page sequence="51">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 chattels, to the said heir belonging, during his minority, with the marriage of the said Hagin. (4) 149 10 April 1282 Devizes Appointment of Walter de la Barre, Hugh le Clerc, Reginald Moniword, Thomas de Aveseye, Thomas Thebaud, John Lichtfot, William Brisebon, William Kod knave, John Moniword, Thomas le Especer, John le Gaunt, Roger de Holerton, William de la Vinege, Gilbert Blod, John de Stretton, John son of Roger de Brunehop', Luke de Bergeveny, Richard le Clerc of la Waye, Robert de Iteshale, Hugh de Wys, John Thorgrym, Roger le Sopere, Walter le Chaplain and Roger de Bokenhull, burgesses of Hereford as keepers [custodes] of the Jews of Hereford and they are to make public proclamation that the said Jews are not to be molested either in their goods or persons. (15) 150 2 May 1282 Gloucester Licence, for a fine of 5 marks, for Walter of Witney to buy of Asher son of Licoricia of Winchester, Jew of Oxford, a messuage in the Parish of All Saints in 'la Boucherie', in Oxford, and near the messuage of Hugh le Hore, and for the said Asher to sell the same unless it be the king's escheat or the king have otherwise any right therein. (18) 151 10 June 1282 Chester Ratification of a demise, for nine years, by Nicholas de Menill to John de Lithegrayns, of a moiety of the lands and tenements of Andrew de Feugers in Casde-Leavington [Yorkshire], late the pledge of Hagin, Jew of London, which pledge the king granted to the said Nicholas for his late service in the army of Wales, until he should raise 200 marks from the aforesaid lands. (25) 152 is June 1282 Chester Licence, for a fine of 5 marks, for Walter of Witney to buy of Asher son of Licoricia of Winchester, Jew of Oxford, rent to the yearly value of 32s 6d in the Parish of All Saints in 'La Boucherie', in Oxford, unless it be the king's escheat. (26) 153 6 February 1283 Rhuddlan Commission to H?mo Hauteyn to enquire touching certain Jews who are dealing with foreign merchants and others in sheets \platas] made out of clipping of the king's money, and also in false sheets of tin silvered outside, and to arrest the same and put their accomplices in mainprize. (56) 154 12 February 1283 Rhuddlan Grant to Edmund, the king's brother, who, by grant of Henry III, confirmed by the 75</page><page sequence="52">R. R. Mundill king, holds Aaron son of Vives, the Jew, with his chattels, that all debts, which the said Edmund, by charters or chirographs in the chests of the chirographers of Jewry anywhere in England, or by recognizances in the rolls of the Justices assigned for the custody of Jews, or in the roKs of Chancery, shall find to be owing to the said Jew, are to be levied by view of the said Edmund or his attorney according to the law, custom and statutes of the Jewry and paid into the Exchequer; and sheriffs are commanded, on presentation of these presents by the said Edmund or his attorney, to cause all debts of the said Aaron according to the extracts directed to the said sheriffs under the seal of the Exchequer of the Jewry to be levied by one of their bailiffs in every county and the grantee to be put in seisin of the lands and goods of the said Jew's debtors. (56) 155 20 April 1283 Conway Grant to Eleanor, the King's Consort, of all the concealed goods of condemned Jews, not yet come to hand or dealt with by John Bek, Walter de Helyun and their fellows, lately appointed to hear and determine the trespasses of clipping the coin, and also the forfeitures of those convicted of concealment thereof. Further grant in extension of the above of the silver and other pieces of money wherever they be found. By King. On information of John de Kirkeby. Writ of aid for Master Henry de Bray, King's Clerk, assigned to enquire by the oaths, both of Christians and Jews, touching the concealed and forfeited goods, false and other pieces of money of condemned Jews. (62) 156 17 July 1283 Caernarvon The like [Commission of oyer and terminer] to John de Lovetot and Gregory de Rokesle touching the moneyers who have counterfeited the King's Die in Bury St Edmunds, county Suffolk. (97) 157 24 July 1283 Caernarvon Commission of oyer and terminer to John de Luvetot and Henry le Waleys, Mayor of London, in the room of Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, and H?mo Hauteyn who are otherwise engaged, touching certain robberies committed between Warden and Bedford, county Bedfordshire, upon certain merchants of the count of Holland; and the said earl and H?mo are to send the record and process of their inquisitions and all other things pertaining to the matter; and the Constable of the Tower is to produce all prisoners as well Christians as Jews detained for the said robberies; and if it should happen that the said merchants are convicted of any illicit contracts with the Jews they are to be attached by sufficient pledges. (98) 158 7 October 1283 Acton Burnell Commission of oyer and terminer to Ralph de Hengham and William de Burneton, 76</page><page sequence="53">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 reciting that, because in two causes before the Justices appointed for the custody of the Jews, between John de Curzon and Isabella his wife and Eleanor la Zusehe (1) touching trespasses against the said John and Isabella at Ashby David, which is a pledge of the Jews and (2) to compel the said Eleanor to bring before the said Justices the chirographs, tallies and other instruments whereby she seeks to exact a debt from the said Isabella to come to an account with them, together with Master Elias, son of Master Moses, Jew of London, certain ambiguities exist, it is the king's will that these causes be determined before them and associating them with the said Justices accordingly. (81) 159 10 October 1283 Acton Burnell Pardon, at the instance of Edmund, the king's brother, to Giles de Volta, merchant of Genoa, for buying sheets \platas] of silver from the Jews of London, contrary to the prohibition. (79) 160 28 October 1283 Acton Burnell Licence for Moses of Clare, Jew, to sell to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, all the debts owing to him by James Mascecreb, lately deceased. (84) 161 20 October 1283 Acton Burnell Appointment of John de Burne to the custody of the seaboard at Dover, Sandwich and the ports adjacent, to attach all money, within ships or without coming from foreign ports, to be examined by view of lawful men, and to arrest suspects - clipping having been carried on to such an extent that 23 shillings by tale scarcely equal 20s by weight, and false money having also been coined. (86) 162 21November1283 Worcester Licence for Diay son of Sampson, Jew of Worcester, to sell a messuage in the Parish of St Andrews, Worcester, next to the messuage of John le Bocher, of Worcester, but not in mortmain. By Chancellor. (107) 163 12 December 1283 Wigmore Pardon for services in the expedition into Wales, to Norman de Arcy, of ?100 of his relief, and also of the debts, penalties and usuries in which he is bound to the king in his Jewry, all of which were granted to Eleanor, the King's Consort. dos) 164 16 January 1284 Westminster Association of Hugh de Cressingham in place of Henry le Waleys, who is detained beyond seas on the king's special affairs, with Salomon de Roffa and Master Henry de Bray, in their commission to enquire touching concealed goods of 77</page><page sequence="54">R. R. Mundill condemned Jews and touching persons selling, buying or exchanging sheets of silver and false sheets of tin or other metal silvered outside. Association of William de Carleton with the above. (291) 165 27 February 1284 Burton upon Trent Grant to John Hagerwas, the sheriff, and the good men of the county of Shrop? shire in aid of the bridge of Montford, of pontage, for five years from the feast of St Gregory, 12 Edward I [1285]; with power of fining, by view of lawful men, rafts of firewood or timber damaging the bridge and a special custom on every Jew or Jewess crossing the bridge, on horseback 1 d, on foot id; John Hagerwas to be the collector thereof, and to account twice yearly to the sheriff. (116) 166 18 March 1284 Rhuddlan Licence for Benedict of London, Jew of Lincoln, and Hagin his son, to sell to Master Henry de Braunteston, King's Clerk, Archdeacon of Dorset, the debt of ?100 owed to them by Hugh Duket, pursuant to the provision of Henry III that no Jew may sell without licence a debt due to him by a Christian. (116) 167 9 May 1284 Neuadarthlan Commission to Nicholas de Stapelton and Richard de Holebrok to make inquisi? tion, if necessary by the oath of Jews as well as of Christians, on complaint by the prior and convent of Luffeld, that Jacob Sweetman, Jew of Northampton, produ? ced before the Sheriff of Northampton a writing, sealed with a counterfeit seal of the said convent, binding the said prior and convent to one Abraham of Bedford, Jew, in 10 sacks of wool at 12 marks the sack, wherefore the said prior caused the said Jacob to be attached before Master Henry de Bray, escheator this side Trent and others at Northampton and he surrendered the said false deed into the custody of the said Henry. (142) 168 4 August 1284 Porthelyn Writ of aid for Salomon de Roffa, Master Henry de Bray and Henry le Waleys appointed to enquire by oath, as well of Christians as of Jews, touching the concealment of goods forfeited by condemned and other Jews, and merchants and Jews trading in sheets of silver \platas argenteas] and false sheets of tin and other metal silvered outside [exterius deargentatas]. By personal seal. (128) 169 75 September 1284 Chester Commission to Salomon de Roffa, Master Henry de Bray and Henry le Waleys to enquire touching concealed goods of condemned Jews and Jewesses and mer? chants dealing in sheets of silver. (134) 78</page><page sequence="55">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 170 27 December 1284 Bristol Pardon, for a fine of 200 marks, to Guy, sometime Prior of Montacute, of the trespasses charged against him concerning the clipping of money, fabrication thereof and the receipt of Jews' goods. (147) 171 16 May 1285 Westminster Licence for James the son of Peytevin, Jew of Bedford, to sell in mortmain to the prior and convent of Newenham a messuage in Bedford which he holds of them at a rent of 20s yearly. Vacated because elsewhere on roll 1 July. (165) 172 10 June 1285 Westminster Acquittance to Michael Bonaz, merchant of the society of the Bardi of Florence, for the payment on behalf of Bartholomew Barde, his fellow, to John de Berwyk, King's Clerk, Keeper of Eleanor the Queen Consort's gold, of ?200, for which he has received a tally at the Exchequer of the said Queen Consort, to wit, ?100 of the concealed goods of condemned Jews, whereof the said Michael on behalf of the said Bartholomew Barde was convicted before Salomon de Roffa, Master Henry de Bray and Henry le Waleys, Justices assigned for this purpose, and ?100 fine for the trespass. The like to Bartholomew Marky, merchant of the society of the sons of Bonisenorius of Sens, for ?400 in like manner, ?200 for concealed goods of condemned Jews and ?200 fine. (173) 173 10 June 1285 Westminster Licence, at the instance of John de Berwyk, King's Clerk, for Adam de Mecchingg of London to buy of Cresse son of Cresse, Jew of London, a messuage in Woodstreet between the house of Andrew le Orfevre and the house which Abra? ham Motun formerly gave at the place in which the Jews are buried. (173) 174 ijjune 1285 Westminster Acquittance to Hugelin de Wykyo, merchant, for the payment in the time of the condemned Jews of the society of the Scala of Florence, to John de Berewyk, King's Clerk, Keeper of the gold of Eleanor, the Queen Consort, of ?200 for which he has received a tally at her Exchequer, to wit, ?100 of the concealed goods of condemned Jews, whereof he was convicted before Salomon de Roffa, Master Henry de Bray and Henry le Waleys, Justices assigned for that purpose, and ?100 fine. (176) 175 1 July 1285 Westminster Grant for a fine of 100s, to the prior and convent of Newenham without Bedford, of a messuage of the yearly value of 7s 6|d in the Parish of St Paul's, Bedford, late of Jacob son of Peytevin, Jew of Bedford, lately hanged as it appears by inquisition 79</page><page sequence="56">R. R. Mundill made by the sheriff that it was thus taken into the king's hand as an escheat, but that it is of their own fee. (183) 176 13 July 1285 Leeds Acquittance to Master William de Luda, Keeper of the Wardrobe, and John de Cobham, for the payment to Eleanor, the King's Consort, of 5 marks, 6s 8d weight of gold, seized by them by precept of the king in the house of Chera, late the wife of Cresse son of Master Elias, Jewess of London. (184) 177 5 August 1285 Woolmer Pardon, at the instance of Florence, Count of Holland, to Jakeminus de Hagerin? sarth, accused of buying sheets \platas\ of silver from the Jews in England. (187) 178 10 A ugust 1285 Basingstoke Power, until a fortnight after Michaelmas, to Master Henry de Bray, King's Clerk, to receive, in presence of the sheriffs of the counties wherein the debtors reside, recognizances from Christian debtors of their debts to Jews, which must otherwise to be taken in the Exchequer of the Jews, two well-known Christians to have notice thereof in every case, which recognizances he is to deliver to the Justices appointed for the custody of the Jews to be placed in the Jew's chest for safe custody. (188) 179 10 September 1285 Winchester Licence for Isaac, son of Isaac of Provence, and Bellasset, Jews of Lincoln, to sell to Master William son of Andrew in fee simple a messuage in the parish of St Cuthbert, Lincoln. (192) 180 11 September 1285 Westminster Grant to Floria, late the wife of Elias son of Master Moses, Jew of London, in consideration of the fine of ?1000 paid by her for the goods of her husband concealed by her, to Eleanor, the King's Consort, that, for the rest of her life she shall not be tallaged, nor the debts due to her pardoned. (193) 181 10 October 1285 Winchester Commission to John de Lovetot, Geoffrey de Pyccheford and Master Henry de Bray to enquire by the oath of the king's chirographers, both Christians and Jews, of the chest of chirographs of Cambridge and Bedford, and by the oath of others, if necessary, whether certain charters, under the names of divers Christians and Jews, and the feet of certain indentures lately delivered to the king, and herewith enclosed, were in the said chests at the time of the troubles in the reign of Henry III, and were at that time carried away to the Isle of Ely by the king's enemies; also whether certain charters which have not been found were in the said chests; and having by such inquisition ascertained what debts are concealed, to cause the same 80</page><page sequence="57">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 to be levied according to the assize and custom of the Jewry, to the use of Eleanor the King's Consort. (212) 182 8 December 1285 Camel Acquittance to William Johannis for the payment to John de Berewyk, King's Clerk, Keeper of the Queen's Gold, of ?400, to with, ?200 from concealed goods of condemned Jews and ?200 for the fine which Salomon de Roffa and his fellow Justices appointed to enquire touching such concealed goods, imposed upon the said William for his concealment of the same. (213) 183 27 December 1283 Exeter Licence for Leo son of Master Elias Bagard, Jew of Canterbury, to sell to Joan la Cordere of Northampton one messuage there, situated between the messuage of the said Joan and that of Henry de Langevile. (214) 184 7 January 1286 Exeter Inspeximus and confirmation of a charter of Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, dated at Crewkerne, 2 April 1280, in the fifth year of his consecration, to the burgesses of Chard, reciting and confirming: (1) A charter of Jocelin, sometime Bishop of Bath, dated at Westminster by the hand of Master Walter de Maydenestan, the day of St Maurus in the 29th year of his pontificate, whereby the said Jocelin, with a view to the improvement of the manor of Chard, grants that the town of Chard shall be a free borough within the following metes and bounds: On the east Schireford, on the south the gate of the bishop's court, on the west la Staunesmith, on the north la Hertbyry, by the cross near Kynemercerde; and also grants within these bounds, to all persons desiring to build, single acres at i2d an acre yearly; and that every person within these bounds, already possessing a burgage, or hereafter to possess one, have free liberty of dwelling, going and returning there, of mortgaging their houses and selling them, except to Jews, of transferring them to any use, except to the use of religious houses or of churches, which they may not do without licence of the said bishop or his successors, but so that, however the said burgages are disposed of, there shall always be paid to the said bishop 12d yearly for every burgage; and also that if any suit arise touching the same, the said burgesses shall have licence to concord without fine, and finally prohibiting any person from buying untanned fells or hides, unless he be in [lima et lagha] of the burgesses of Chard. (2) A charter of William, Bishop of Bath and Wells, the second of that name, dated at Kingston, Monday next after the feast of St Barnabas the Aposde, in the fifth year of his pontificate, whereby the said William grants to the burgesses of 81</page><page sequence="58">R. R. Mundill Chard that they may hold without diminution their fair of St James within the bounds of the old borough and their market every Monday, as of old, saving to the bishop the toll and amercements and other profits arising from trespasses there; and granting them licence to dispose of their burgages in their wills as they please, except to Jews or religious houses, saving to the bishop the rents and services due therefrom; and granting that none shall be bound to do suit except at two hundreds yearly in the said borough, to wit, at Michaelmas and Hockday, saving attendance at the three weeks' court for pleas begun and terminable in the said hundreds, for pleas under the king's writ, for doing justice upon thieves, and also, upon lawful summons, for matters concerning the peace and rights of the king or bishop. (216-17) 185 15 February 1286 Westminster Pardon to Aaron of Worcester and Isaac his son, Jews of Oxford, of their outlawry for non-appearance to answer touching the death of Robert le Porter; as it appears by the testimony of Ranulph de Dacre, late Constable of the Tower of London, that being indicted thereof before the Justices last in eyre in the county of Oxford they surrendered to the Tower on Monday a fortnight after Easter 13 Edward I and remained there until the Monday next after three weeks from Trinity, on which day Roger Loveday, one of the aforesaid Justices, commanded the said Constable to keep them in safe custody, and they have been detained ever since, and while in prison were put in exigent in the said eyre and oudawed for con? tumacy, as appears by the record and process of their oudawry sent to the king by the Sheriff of Oxford. (221) 186 23 February 1286 Westminster Exoneration of John de Sancto Dionisio, King's Clerk, Keeper of the Domus Conversorum, London, by appointment of Henry III and of the king, from render? ing an account to the Exchequer, as it appears that his predecessors never did so, and that the said John has administered the goods of the said houses with all diligence. (228) 187 24 February 1286 Westminster Ratification of a grant by Floria, late the wife of Master Elias, Jew of London, to Abraham, one of his sons and heirs, as his purparty by the custom of Jewry, of 12 feet of land of the curtilage at the back of the great solar of the stone house, late of Jacob Le Tourk, in which the said Elias lived. (224) 188 28 February 1286 Westminster Appointment of Hugh of Kendal, Master Odo of Westminster, and Walter de Notingham to open and examine all the deed-boxes of Jews [archas cyrographorum 82</page><page sequence="59">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 Jfudaeorum] in the City of London and Westminster according to the king's verbal instructions. (227) 189 10 March 1286 Woodstock Pardon to Brian de Brumpton the elder, of ?80 in which he is bound to divers Jews. (228) 190 25 April 1286 Westminster Pardon to Brian de Brumpton the elder, of ?80 in which he is bound to Joceus son of Manser, Jew of Hereford. (234) 191 28 April 1286 Westminster Commission to Geoffrey de Picheford, Roland de Erle and John de Bakepuz to deliver the gaol of Oxford, of Isaac son of Isaac, the Jew in custody there for the death of William de Prun. (258) 192 28 April 1286 Westminster Grant, during pleasure, to the master and scholars of the University of Oxford, that their chancellor may freely have cognisance of personal actions and contracts between the said masters and scholars and the Jews there, and may, if necessary, exercise ecclesiastical judgement upon such Jews as are convicted before him, and upon the chancellor's denouncement, the Sheriff of Oxford, or the constable of the casde there, is to take and keep in safe in the prison any Jew who upon lawful proof is convicted of an injury upon any scholar of the said university, in like manner as the king's ancestors by their charters granted touching injuries of lay persons upon the said masters and scholars. (236) 193 22 September 1286 Westminster Commission to Ralph de Sandwico, Geoffrey de Picheford and Master Henry de Bray to deliver the Tower of London of Isaac son of Isaac of Polet, Jew of Oxford, in custody there for the death of William de Prun, in the suburb of Oxford, if he is willing to put himself upon his country. (259) 194 15 February 128J Westminster Commission to Geoffrey de Picheford, John de Bakepuz and Walter de Wyght hull, to deliver the gaol of Oxford of Aaron of Worcester, Isaac son of Aaron and Blak wife of Isaac, Jews of Exeter, who were put in exigent in the county of Oxford for the death of Robert le Porter, and have since surrendered. (282) 195 16 December 128g Odiham Writ de intendendo directed to the converts of the Domus Conversorum, London, in favour of Richard de Climpinges, King's Clerk, appointed to the custody of the 83</page><page sequence="60">R. R. Mundill said house, during pleasure, in like manner as John de Sancto Dionisio, sometime Archdeacon of Rochester deceased, held the same. Appointment of the said Richard to the said custody. (335) 196 y February I2Q0 Westminster Grant in fee simple to John de Waltham and Matilda his wife, after inquisition ad quod damnum by the Sheriff of Surrey, of a messuage in Southwark now in the king's hands by the death of Isaac of Southwark, Jew of London, at a rent of one penny. (341) 197 8 February 12QO Westminster Commission of oyer and terminer to Hugh de Br?k and Walter de Wyghthall, by jury of Jews and Christians of the town of Oxford, touching the Jews who lately assaulted William le Convers of Oxford at Oxford. (397) 198 18 February i2q0 Westminster Commission to John de Havenak and Philip le But of Cricklade, proctors of the Domus Conversorum, London, to collect the chevage on Jews which the king lately granted to those converted or to be converted to the Catholic Faith in England for their maintenance, for the seventeenth and eighteenth years, as also the arrears thereof for the fifteenth and sixteenth years of the king's reign, throughout the realm. The king has directed all sheriffs and constables to cause all Jews in their bailiwicks to come before the said John and Philip, at such days as they direct, for them to choose twelve jurors to make recognition upon oath of all Jews and Jewesses of the age of twelve upwards in the respective bailiwicks, and when certified of the amount per capita, they are to collect the same, distraining where necessary. If any refuse to pay, the commissioners are to imprison and keep them in safe custody until they have made full satisfaction for the said chevage. (398) 199 ij April i2go Amesbury Grant to Eleanor, the Queen Consort, of any action or forfeiture which the king may have against Aaron son of Vives, Jew of Edmund, the king's brother, by reason of concealed goods of condemned Jews. (350) 200 njunengo Westminster Grant, during pleasure, to the conversi of the King's House in London, in con? tinuance of a like grant for a term expired, of all deodands falling to the king throughout the realm of England, for their maintenance and for completing the fabric of their chapel and buildings. (363) 201 njunengo Westminster Licence for Auntera, late the wife of Vyves son of Master Moses, Jew of London, 84</page><page sequence="61">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 to sell her garden in Cattestrete in the Parish of St Lawrence, London, to any Jew willing to buy the same. (366) 202 iyJunei2go Westminster Licence for Auntera, late the wife of Vives son of Master Moses, Jew of London, to sell her garden in Cattestreet in the Parish of St Lawrence, London, to any Jew willing to buy the same. (366) 203 i8Junei2Q0 Westminster Exemption, at the instance of Anthony, Bishop of Durham, of Cresse son of Cresse and Aaron his son, Jews of London, from all tallages, for as long as the said Cresse remains indebted to the king or queen for any part of the 300 marks in which he made fine with the king for forfeited goods of the Jews; and promise that the king will not grant, during the said period, any attermining or pardon of their debts. (366) 204 2iJunei2Q0 Westminster Commission to John de Cobham and Ralph de Sandwich to deliver the gaol of the Tower of London of Isaac of Polet, Jew of London, detained there for the death of a Christian boy killed in the King's Jewry of Oxford, and of Coradinus le Furbur and Joan daughter of Stephen de la Marche killed in the City of London. The like to the same to deliver the said gaol of Josce of Newbury, Jew, and Isaac of Polet, Jew of London, detained for counterfeiting the seals of the abbot and convent of Reading and sealing with the counterfeits false writings in the names of the abbot and convent and certain Jews involving large sums and for other felonies in divers parts of the realm. (402) 205 2jJulyi2Q0 Westminster Safe-conduct for the Jews quitting the realm with their wives, children and goods; directed to the bailiffs, barons and sailors of the Cinque Ports. (378) 206 28 July I2Q0 Langley Licence for Aaron son of Vives, Jew of Edmund, the king's brother, to sell with the licence and will of the said Edmund, his house and rents, as well in the City of London as elsewhere, to any Christian he chooses. (379) 207 8August I2Q0 Silverstone Mandate to the bailiffs, barons and sailors of the Cinque Ports not to molest Moses son of James of Oxford, Jew of Northampton, quitting the realm within the time fixed, with his wife, children, household and goods, but to secure them a safe and speedy passage and moderate charges. (381) 85</page><page sequence="62">R. R. Mundill 208 24 August I2Q0 Northampton Mandate to the bailiffs, barons and sailors of the Cinque Ports not to molest Bonamy of York and Josce his son, Jews of York, and other Jews of the same city quitting the realm within the time fixed, with their wives, children, households and goods, but to secure them a safe and speedy passage at moderate charges. (382) 209 1 September i2go Geddington Licence for Cok Hagin, Jew of the King's Consort, to sell, with her consent, to any Christians, the houses which he has in the City of London by feoffment of Robert de Basingge. (384) 210 27 October 12Q0 Clipstone Appointment of Walter de Agmodesham, King's Clerk, to the custody, during pleasure, of the Domus Conversorum, London, and of the converts, with all things appertaining thereto, as held by John de Sancto Dionisio, sometime Archdeacon of Rochester. He is to inhabit the houses in which the archdeacon dwelt if he pleases. Writ de intendendo directed to the converts. (392) 211 23 November 12QO Harby Commission of oyer and terminer to Gilbert de Thornton and Roger Brabazun, touching the discord between the rich and poor of the City of Lincoln as well touching the tronage of the said city, which was sold without the assent of the said poor, as touching 200 marks paid to the king by the poor by distraint of the rich for concealed goods of condemned Jews, whereof certain of the rich were indicted by twenty-four lawful men before Master Henry de Bray and Thomas de Gunneys, and which the said rich ought to have paid and as to divers tallages unduly assessed and collected on the said poor, and as to other grievances of the poor. (451) 212 20 December i2go Westminster Appointment of Hugh of Kendal to value and sell all the houses, rents and tenements which late belonged to the King's Jews, those in London with the counsel of Ralph de Sandwich, Gregory de Rokesle and Robert de Basinge, and those elsewhere in England with the counsel of certain others. (410) 213 18 January i2gi Ashridge Writ of aid for Hugh of Kendal, King's Clerk, appointed to appraise, extend and sell, with the counsel of others associated with him, the houses, rents and ten? ements late of the Jews in England, the sheriffs to receive the money arising and account at the Exchequer. (417) 214 18 January i2gi Ashridge Appointment of Thomas de Normanville, escheator beyond Trent, to sell in the 86</page><page sequence="63">The Jewish entries from the Patent Rolls, 1272-1292 presence of some discreet subject, the houses of Jews in the City of York which were in the hands of Eleanor, the late Queen Consort, and certify the king of the purchaser. (417) 215 22 January 12Q1 Ash ridge Writ de intendendo for Hugh of Kendal, King's Clerk, appointed to enquire touch? ing the money arising from the leases of the houses of the Jews in England since their exile, and all receipts of that kind. (419) 216 16 February 1292 Waverley Grant to the Conversi of London of ?202 os 4d yearly at the Exchequer for the maintenance of the Keeper, two chaplains, the clerk of the church, their houses and other things for the lives of the said converts, the portion of every person dying to be deducted. (478) Index to Entries Licences To sell houses: 4, 5, 93, 98, 103, 114, 116, 119, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 133, 135, 140, 143, 145, 147, 150, 152, 162, 171, 173, 179, 183, 201, 202, 206, 209. To sell debts: 15, 21, 24, 39, 40, 42, 46, 54, 63, 123, 128, 132, 160, 166. To trade: 72. Grants: 1, 11, 13, 33, 34, 58, 62, 66, 67, 69, 71, 91, 95, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108, 124, 131, 148, 154, 155, 165, 175, 180, 187, 192, 196, 199, 200, 216. Appointments: 3, 8, 9, 10, 31, 32, 44, 50, 51, 57, 61, 68, 81, 82, 111, 112, 141, 142, 149, 161, 188, 195, 210, 212, 214. Commissions: 27, 30, 36, 41, 60, 64, 73, 76, 130, 153, 167, 169, 181, 191, 193, 194, 198, 204. Commissions of oyer and terminer: 55, 56, 70, 75, 78, 79, 85, 109, 120, 138, !56, i57&gt; !58, i97. 211. Writs de intendendo: 82, 195, 210, 215. Pardons: 25, 26, 74, 93, 97, 101, 134, 159, 163, 170, 177, 185, 189, 190. Mandates: 2, 6, 7, 16,17,19, 22, 23, 35, 38, 43, 47, 53, 68, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 99, 106, 115, 207, 208. Acquittances: 12, 20, 45, 77, 87, 136, 139, 172, 174, 176, 182. Miscellaneous entries: 37, 48, 52, 59, 92, 113, 137, 151, 164, 168, 178, 184, 186, 203, 205, 213. 87</page><page sequence="64">Index to Entries Confirmation of a demise: 14, 28. Inspeximuses: 18, 29, 49, 80, 96, 117, 118. Power: 65, 94, 102, 104, no. Confirmation of a grant: 100, 129, 144. Ratification of a demise: 146. Murders committed by Jews: 185, 191, 193, 194, 204. 88</page></plain_text>