Jews in English Regular Freemasonry, 1717-1860

<plain_text><page sequence="1">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry, 1717?1860* JOHN M. SHAFTESLEY, O.B.E.,B.A. My earliest contact with Freemasonry came about specifically because I was a Jew. I came home from the grammar school where I was a scholarship boy one Friday in mid-term to find that I was not to go back on the Mon? day. My father had decided, for economic reasons, that I was to go to work and he had already fixed up an interview with a prospec? tive employer. So the rest of my formal educa? tion had to be postponed until I could make my own decisions. The employer was at the time reputed to be the biggest newspaper and general printing business in the country, Hulton's, in Withy Grove, Manchester, later Allied Newspapers, and now part of the Thomson Organisation. I was at once engaged as a copy-boy on the Manchester Evening Chronicle. The works manager was a quiet-spoken, neatly dressed, solid looking Scot named Mackay. One day Mr. Mackay sought me out from among the several boys around the departments. He told me he would like me to go an errand for him to a gentleman?whose name was Jewish?in Northumberland Street, Higher Broughton, a good-class residential street. I was to give him a parcel of Masonic jewels to repair and call for them when the job was done. The sole unusual addition to Mr. Mackay's command, beside the fact that I didn't know what Masonic jewels were, was T know I can trust a Jewish boy.' What he called 'jewels' seemed to me to be attractive enamelled medals, some set with precious stones. I carried them very carefully. Many years later friends who knew I had studied art asked me to design some crests for Masonic lodges, or redesign others, and these were duly translated into similar Masonic jewels. One of them incorporated the word Ernunah (Faith) in Hebrew,1 another the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, London.2 Then I noticed in my reading that Anglo Jewish historians, including Lucien Wolf, Cecil Roth, Albert Hyamson, and others, were prone to remark on Jews, whether in London or the Provinces, who were known to be con? nected with Freemasonry. They obviously believed that this was a matter of importance, even if only peripheral, but they never seemed to explain why. This piqued me and I began to make my own inquiries on the subject. I found that there is a vast literature on Freemasonry,3 including official or friendly Masonic publica? tions and unofficial and very often highly antagonistic works. Some of these last are of a pathological nature reminiscent of notorious anti-Jewish writings, and I soon discovered that frequently these vicious authors linked 'Freemasons and Jews' as twin conspirators in some frightful plot to subdue the world to their own unspecified ends, in this way resembling the infamous forgery, the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Some of the most modern have been on the very extreme end of the right wing politic? ally, Nazi and fascist in sympathy.4 One inimical publication in the 1960s included in its bibliography of 'Masonic writings' Paul Goodman's B'nai B'rith (1936). Histories of Freemasonry are numerous and run into many editions. Those that one may consider legitimate for their part rarely omit to mention the question of the admission of Jews to what is known as the Craft, usually in order to emphasise the point that Masonry is not itself a religion but a true brotherhood in which men of all honourable revealed religions can meet as equals?a form of'social compact,' one might say, where religion and politics are * Paper delivered to the Jewish Historical Society of England on 4 June 1975. 1 The Lodge of Faith and Friendship, No. 7326. 2 The Fraternity Lodge, No. 3222. 3 A Masonic writer estimated that by the late 1920s there had been 54,000 books, etc., published on Freemasonry and allied subjects. 4 Mr. Benjamin de Winter was kind enough to lend me, as a modern example, a copy of a French World War II monthly published in Paris, Les Documents Maconniques, No. 2, 2nd year, Nov. 1942, full of rancorous anti-Masonic and antisemitic material, on the Nazi model. 150</page><page sequence="2">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 151 not discussed. Also, accepted Masonic histories do not hide the fact that some regrettable lapses have occurred where lodges?even, in some cases abroad, Grand Lodges, the central bodies?have adopted or actively pursued anti-Jewish resolutions. One of the most recent of specialised Masonic histories, by a non Mason, was published in 1970 by the Harvard University Press, translated from the Hebrew of Professor Jacob Katz, Professor of Sociology and Rector of the Hebrew University of Jeru? salem. Entitled Jews and Freemasons in Europe 1723-1939, it devotes a rather small portion of its ample space, considering that the English Grand Lodge is the forerunner of all other Grand Lodges,5 to English Freemasonry, on which incidentally it contains some errors, but deals extensively with the heavily documented antisemitic episodes or periods of certain German Grand Lodges and individual lodges, and some others on the Continent, especially during the nineteenth century. Professor Katz thus tends, in my opinion, to apply a bias to Free? masonry as a whole, sometimes by an almost inverted formulation, which is far from justified. It is not necessary on this occasion to delve deeply into the history of Freemasonry, traditional, mythological, legendary, and real ? all these adjectives are applicable and any good encyclopedia, including Jewish, will mention this?but a brief outline will explain why I have chosen 1717 as my starting date. The founding figures of Masonry, according to legend, and with some references back to Enoch and Noah, are Abraham, Moses, and King Solomon? the first 'Grand Masters', in fact. Solomon is particularly notable because of the building of the Temple, the central object of Masonic interest, and with him are combined the names of King Hiram of Tyre, who helped the Temple with materials, and a certain highly expert craftsman, sent by King Hiram and appointed the overseer, Hiram Abif. Masonic and other writers, including Jewish scholars, have teased themselves (I think needlessly) about the identity of Hiram Abif.6 As Masonic lore revolves around the Temple, it necessarily follows that much of it involves familiar Biblical figures and situations, and these in turn include the introduction of some Hebrew words and phrases, sometimes clear, sometimes distorted, as Masons were not normally Hebrew scholars. No one can trace the origins of these Biblical adoptions, but it may be assumed that there was an upsurge of 5 Professor Katz explains that as an outsider he could not gain access to the private archives of the United Grand Lodge of England; op. cit., p. 7, note 6. h The misunderstanding centres on the word 'Abif,' which was fancifully and anachronistically accepted by the Rev. James Anderson, who wrote the first Book of Constitutions in 1723 and 1738 for the first Grand Lodge, as a 'surname' (ie Huram Abhi'|&gt;3N DlinV ? ? ?]&gt; jl Chron. ii, 12) of Hiram, the great craftsman sent by Hiram King of Tyre to help King Solomon to build the Temple in Jeru? salem. Verse 13 goes on to refer to 'his [Hiram's] father' (y^X) 'Abif', as it is transliterated. (The verse numbers here given are those in the Jewish Publication Society of America's scholarly trans? lation, published in 1917 but begun in 1892; in the non-Jewish English translation they are vv. 13, 14.) Chronicles is regarded as a very difficult book to translate. The usual English version of 'le'Huram Abhi' is f a cunning man] of'Huram my father's', written by King Hiram to King Solomon, but the J.P.S.A. version translates it as 'Huram my master craftsman', much more acceptable. In the Soncino Books of the Bible series (London), which follows the J.P.S.A. translations, the Rev. Dr I. W. Slotki, editing and annotating Chronicles (1952), notes (p. 165): imy master craftsman. The Hebrew abi is literally "my father"; but the noun ab also signifies "chief, master".' Ab, in fact, has several meanings, of similar or related import. C. W. Adam, in The Story of the Two Hirams (Cornish Brothers, Birming? ham, 1931), gets near to it (p. 31) when he con? cludes that we should 'bear in mind that the sig? nificance of the word Abif is the trusted assistant, the right-hand man of King Hiram.' A non Masonic commentator, and President of the J.H.S.E. in 1907-1909, the Rev. Solomon Levy, M.A. (1872-1957), wrote that, in connection with the legends of Hiram Abif, Arthur Edward Waite, in his A New Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry (William Rider &amp; Son, 1921), 'does not make it clear that Abif is a misunderstanding of "his father," in 2 Chronicles, ii, 13' ('Jewish Elements in Freemasonry', The Jewish Annual, 5709 (1948- 1949),Vol. XI,Williams, Lea &amp; Co., London, 1948, p. 112; reprint of reviews by S. Levy in Jewish Chronicle (hereinafter JC), 5 Aug. and 2 Sep. 1921). Mgr. Ronald A. Knox, the distinguished Roman Catholic scholar, in his translation of the Latin Vulgate into modern English, gives it as Hiram, 'a master of his craft' (The Holy Bible? The Old Testament, Vol. I [Burns, Oates and Washbourne, 1949], p. 597).</page><page sequence="3">152 John M. Shaftesley interest after the attractive English translations of the Bible and the Reformation. Nor was there any doubt, on the other hand, that oper? ative masons and allied skilled craftsmen, carpenters and suchlike, engaged on the great buildings from medieval times onwards, did form guilds that, because of the conditions of their work and closeness of contact, and build? ing sites often far from home, compelled a form of communal lodging?hence the Masonic noun 'lodge'?in huts erected at the various jobs. To this was added a concomitant expansion in the study of Hebrew by scholars and others among the dilettanti. The two things together, the opening of the Bible to common knowledge and the examination and study of Hebrew, no doubt helped considerably to activate the enthusiasm and excitement that greeted the exhibition in the seventeenth century and later of the model of the Temple made by Rabbi Judah Jacob Leon Templo, as explained at length by Mr. A. L. Shane in his paper on that picturesque personage delivered earlier to this Society.7 Scholarship and big building invited the attention of patrons, and so the third element, the gentry and the nobility, including Royalty, entered into the mould that was to form Free? masonry, as distinct from the operative Masons' Company, which evolved as a City Guild. The City Guilds took a rather different path, in? heritors of the theories of mercantilism and jealously safeguarding their positions. It was many years before a Jew, ev en after the loosen? ing of the restrictions in the City on 'Jew brokers,' reached eminence in a City Livery Company?a press report as late as 18738 spoke of D. H. Jacobs [David Henry Jacobs], Past Master of the Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers' Company, and said that he was the first Jew to be elected Master of a City Company. This election was in 1871.9 From the three bases described, therefore, the structure arose of what are called 'non operative' or 'speculative' (in the philo? sophical sense) lodges, some of whose members would hardly know one end of a trowel or maul from the other but who would enjoy an opportunity of regular convivial eating and drinking and talking in congenial company? and with no ladies present to distract them. Before the regularising of the speculative Craft there is a documented instance, the first such discovered, of making an English Mason. Elias Ashmole, founder of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, mentions in his diary that he was 'made a Freemason' in October 1646 at Warrington in Lancashire and adds the names of several present who were men of good social position.10 It occurred to some Masons very early in the eighteenth century that it would be helpful if some kind of central organisation were set up to co-ordinate the movement and four lodges in London and Westminster founded a Grand Lodge, under a Grand Master, in 1717, which had extended its jurisdiction by 1723. Their leading members made some 'modernising' alterations to what had been long-standing oral traditions in the ritual of making Masons, but many other Freemasons, including Irish? men, objected to this and formed a rival Grand Lodge in 1751, purporting to adhere to the old and purer traditions. Paradoxically and confusingly, the second Grand Lodge be? came known, because of this reversion, as the 'Antients' and the first Grand Lodge as the 'Moderns'. The rivalry continued until, after long negotiations, the two Grand Lodges became reconciled?a 'Lodge of Reconciliation' was formed?and amalgamated in 1813 as the United Grand Lodge of England with, as Grand Master, the sixth son of King George III, the Duke of Sussex, well known, among his other virtues, as has been mentioned in various papers delivered to this Society, as a friend to the Jews and in favour of their political emancipation. The Duke was interested in Hebrew, and his 'Oriental tutor' was Dr. Louis 7 Mr. Shane's paper on Leon Templo is also published in this volume of Transactions. s JC, 14 Feb. 1873, p. 649. 0 I am much indebted for this date and the full name of D. H.Jacobs to Mr. P. H. Creswell, Clerk to the Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers' Company, London. 10 Elias Ashmole, Diary, dated '1646 Oct: 16. 4.30 P.M.' He makes another reference to Freemasonry in his Diary 35 years later, when he was at a lodge in London in March 1682. He was not a Jew.</page><page sequence="4">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 153 Loewe.11 It is not necessary in this paper to differentiate between the two former Grand Lodges in referring to Jewish members, as I have given this only to establish the date of the beginning, and my terminal date, 1860, is near enough to the founding in 1864 of a 'Jewish' lodge, the Montefiore, to which a great number of communal worthies became attached in the course of time. The number of Jewish Free? masons increased as Freemasonry itself ex? panded. By the 1820s the records show that during the previous century several hundreds of Jews had been members of various lodges. Many Jewish ministers have been and are today Freemasons, and some of them have lectured at times upon the Biblical connections of Masonic history, their lectures occasionally being published for general as well as Masonic reading. Thus, we have a pamphlet entitled The Evidence of Free-Masonry from Ancient Hebrew Records, by Rabbi J. H. M. Chumaceiro (then of Augusta, Georgia), first published by the Bloch Publishing Co., New York, in 1896. Its popularity is attested by the number of editions it ran through, and the edition I have consulted is the sixth, published in 1921. To quote only the first sentence in Rabbi Chu maceiro's Introduction: 'It is impossible to separate the history and teachings of Masonry from those of the Bible, whose principal author ?Moses?devotes over twelve chapters in the Book of Exodus to the construction of the Tabernacle, which served King Solomon partly for a plan in building the temple.'12 Another minister, much nearer home, the Rev. Dr. Abraham Cohen, well known for his long tenure of office with the Birmingham Hebrew Congregation and his Presidency of the Board of Deputies, and translator of Lessing's Masonic Dialogues, wrote a pamphlet, among several, incorporating two lectures he gave on The Religion, Politics and Ethics of Free masonry. Dr Cohen reached high office in the Craft and his pamphlet was published in 1938 by Cornish Brothers, of Birmingham, at the instance of the Library and Museum Com? mittee of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Warwickshire. Their intention was that it should reach a general public, for its Foreword, by 'J.H.', said that the booklet was submitted 'in full confidence that it will be received by the Masonic Brethren, and will prove to non Masonic readers that the principles on which Freemasonry is founded are noble and praise? worthy'. Dr. Cohen sets out to show that 'speculative' Freemasonry has four dogmas, Belief in God, Belief in Revelation, Belief in Reward and Punishment, and Belief in Immortality, and that once it was organised it moved quickly out of certain Christian confines into a universal attitude so that all men who believed in those four dogmas?Christians, Jews, Moslems, and so on?could sincerely subscribe to it. He refers to the fact that a famous Grand Secretary of the 'Antient' Freemasons, Laurence Dermott, an Irishman, in his book Ahiman Rezon, in 1764, which sets out the Constitutions of Free? masonry (also quoted by Mr. Shane in his lecture on Templo), gives not only 'A Prayer which is most general at Making [i.e., initiat? ing] or Opening [a lodge]', with Christian references, but also includes 'A Prayer used at Opening the Lodge, or making a new Brother; used by Jewish Freemasons'. There were several editions, the first in 1756, whose title-page has, among several sub-headings, 'Likewise the Prayers used in Jewish and Christian Lodges,' the word 'Jewish' surprisingly coming first. This is pretty firm evidence that by Dermott's time there were not only enough Jews in English Freemasonry to be noticeable in individual lodges but that there were probably lodges composed if not wholly then largely of Jews who would want to express themselves in ritual form in a Jewish manner. Tychsen, in Germany, in 1769, wrote13 that it was common 11 Dr. Loewe (often mentioned in Trans. JHSE) was a noted scholar and linguist, who, among other public services, accompanied Sir Moses Monte fiore on a number of his famous pilgrimages abroad. He was the great-grandfather of Mr. Raphael Loewe, M.C., the current President of the Jewish Historical Society of England. 12 Dr. George Webber most kindly drew my attention to this pamphlet. "Olaus Gerhard Tychsen (1734-1815), B?tzo wische Nebenstunden, vol. 5, pp. 75-77 (1769), quoted by Katz. Tychsen was a Christian who studied rabbinics and Hebrew and was the anti hero in an attempt to convert Jews which failed.</page><page sequence="5">154 John M. Shaftesley knowledge that Jews in England were admitted freely to Freemasonry, although not in Ger? many, and there was a 'Jewish Lodge' in London, so called because of the nature of its membership. This I assume to be Lodge No. 145, noted in the index to an official Masonic register in about 1766 as 'Jews Lodge', but there was also the Lebeck's Head Lodge, in the Strand, constituted 24 August 1759, thirteen of whose petitioners had 'unmistakably Jewish names', in the words of one writer in 1887.14 The founders and officers included Jacob Moses, Lazarus Levy, Edward Morley, Solo? mon Levy, Jacob Arons, Yoel (Senior Warden), Henry Lyon (Secretary), Ross (Treasurer), and Moses Levy (Past Master). The Lodge No. 84 at Daniel's Coffee House, Lombard Street, founded 23 December 1731, included several Jewish brethren, among them Solomon Men dez, Abraham Ximenez, Jacob Alvarez, Abraham de Medina, Benjamin Adolphus, and Isaac Baruch.15 The meaning of the supposedly Hebrew words 'Ahiman Rezon' has been often debated. Dermott's subtitle in 1756 reads: 'Or A Help to a Brother', and various Masonic scholars and others have offered ideas on the derivation, including one, by Dr. Albert G. Mackey, a masonic encyclopedist in America, 'from the Hebrew ahim, brothers, manah, to prepare, and ratzon, the will or law; and signifies therefore literally "the law of prepared brothers".' Another version claims the derivation as iachi man ratzon, "the opinions of a true and faithful brother".' Whether debate on the subject affected Dermott or not, the second edition, in 1764, has the altered title of Ahiman Rezon, Or a help to all that are (or would be) Free and Accepted Masons.u" A most promising solution to this puzzle has been offered to me by Mr. A. Schischa: it should be tmK [Ahim mi'Ratzori] = 'Brethren by volition'. While speaking of Hebrew connections, one might here comment on the fact that the design of the original coat of arms of the Antients, which was incorporated into the combined coat of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813, with the arms of the London Masons' Company (not itself a Masonic organisation of the 'speculative' category), is attributed to Rabbi Jacob Judah Leon Templo, and it bore the Hebrew motto Kodesh VAdonai, later trans? lated as 'Holiness to the Lord'. Again, Mr. Shane referred to this in his paper on Templo, but I take my own line here. This coat of arms was also described in detail by Lucien Wolf in this Society's Transactions, Vol. II (1895 ses? sion),17 and it was accompanied by a full-page 14 Henry Sadler, Masonic Facts and Fictions, London, 1887. 15 See Matthias Levy, 'Jews as Freemasons', JC, 16 Sept. 1898, p. 11. Mr. Harry Carr, in a com? ment in 1968, pointed out that this made six Jewish members out of 29 members of the lodge. 10 Robert Freke Gould, The History of Free? masonry, 3 vols. (Thomas C. Jack, London, 1884 1887), Vol. II, p. 346, notes Dermott's wide linguistic attainments and quotes a minute from the Stewards' Lodge of March 1764, 'an "Arabian Mason having petitioned for relief, the Grand Secretary [Dermott] conversed with him in the Hebrew language", after which, he was voted z:i,is.' 17 Pp. 156-157. In discussion and correspondence with me, Mr. Edgar Samuel, in common with some others, has argued that the figures in the coat of arms, man, lion, ox, and eagle, are representative of the four Christian evangelists and therefore not of Jewish significance (which would of course mean that Leon Templo would not be the author of the design, or at least that possibility would be very remote). It has likewise been argued in some Masonic quarters that the point about the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, is supported by the description of John's vision in Revelation of four 'beasts' bearing separately the fac es of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle, whereas Ezekiel in his vision saw four beasts each with four laces, on four sides, of man, lion, ox, and eagle. Revelation was written probably about 700 years after Ezekiel, and I do not have to depend on my own observation to remark on the similarities and adaptation of the former from the latter, besides the fact that throughout cultural history borrowings, sometimes unconscious, from earlier authors are very common. In the description of his vision, in fact, John's attention at one point is directed, in his own words, to the 'Lion of Judah'. (There are other Christological suggestions of some age that the four figures represent the four arc hangels, Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Uriel, or even the four Greater Prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel.) Mr. Samuel supports his contention with the additional argument that the reproduction, as seen by Lucien Wolf, has the quarters separated by a cross, gules (red) and purpure (purple) counter? charged: gules represents martyrdom and purpure kingship, thus it symbolises the crucifixion. As against this, however, I have pointed out, another</page><page sequence="6">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 155 coloured version of it, with its four Jewish Biblical symbols, Man, Lion, Ox, and Eagle, on a seventeenth-century panel, shown at the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition of 1887. copy in the possession of the Lodge of York, circa 1776, has the quarters in different colours and the dividing cross not of red and purple but of light green. Both are reproduced side by side and both have Ezekiel's winged cherubim as supporters and with the Ark of the Covenant as a crest in Gould, op. cit., facing p. 444?the York version has the motto in Hebrew and the other has it in English translation. (Another non-Jewish description I have seen describes the Ark of the Covenant, perhaps because of the angle of the painting, as the High Priest's Chair.) Wolf also mentions Leon Templo's reference, in hisTratado de los Cherubim (p. 25), to the four traditional standards in the wilderness, the Lion of Judah, the Man of Reuben, the Eagle of Dan, and the Ox of Ephraim (derivations suggested by Jacob's dying address to his sons; Genesis xlix). I have myself seen a Masonic banner bearing a representation of a lion which is obviously in? tended lor Judah, as it is ornamented also with a crown and sceptre. The late Lewis Edwards, who had approached me for references when he was working on a paper on the Duke of Sussex, showed me, among items in his Masonic collection, a tin (or silver?) repousse badge bearing this same coat of arms and an inscription of 1828, presented to a J. Lawrance. The supporters were not included and the crest was changed into three items, two esoteric and the third, at the right-hand side, being the Two Tablets of the Law. The motto had a spelling mistake, 'KODES LA ADONIA'. I feel that the introduction of all this extra supporting Hebrew symbolism hardly conforms with the evangelist theory. Well before Lucien Wolf, there was acceptance of the 'Jewish' symbolism of the four figures. When the scholarly Dr. Abraham Benisch (who, as I have mentioned above, became a Freemason in 1841) was editing the Jewish Chronicle, he published a paragraph under 'Literary Notes' (24 Dec. 1857, p. 627), as follows: 'MAS? ONRY.?As the standard or banner of Free? masonry is made up of and derived from the ban? ners of the four leading tribes of Israel, it may be interesting to learn what was the symbolic meaning given by the Hebrews to these ensigns. Vatablus quotes a Jewish writer as saying, "that the man in the banner of Reuben signified religion and reason; the lion in that of Judah denoted power; the ox in that of Ephraim represented patience and toilsome labour; and the eagle in that of Dan, betokened wisdom, agility and sublimity." But although such may have been the emblematic meaning of these devices among the Israelites, the combination of them in the Masonic banner is only intended to indicate the Jewish origin of our institution from Solomon, who was the last King of Israel under whom the twelve tribes were united.' Wolf says that Dermott saw the coat of arms in 1759, with the motto 'Kodes la Adonai', and quotes Dermott on 'the collection in which this design was found of the famous and learned Hebrewist, architect and brother, Rabi Jacob Jehudah Leon'. 'Brother' in this context quite possibly postulates 'Freemason', but there is no proof of this, especially as no written records were kept until much later, after the 'regularis? ing' (note the fortunate accident of Elias Ashmole and his Diary). The very same version, in colour, dated circa 1680, appears in Volume II of R. F. Gould's great three-volume History of Freemasonry (edition published 1884-1887), and in the same plate appears a differently coloured version, this one with the motto in Hebrew, on a banner in the possession of the Lodge of York, circa 1776. Two other coats of Jewish interest have since found their way into English Freemasonry, that of Sir Moses Monte fiore, which was adopted as the lodge badge at the founding of the Montefiore Lodge No. 1017 in London in 1864 in honour of his 80th birth? day, and the other that of Sir Henry Isaacs, which forms the basis of the head girl's jewel at the school, the Royal Masonic Institution for Girls, which has been worn by Head Girls since 1891. The Grand Lodge motto brings me to an? other point which might solve a mystery put forward in this Society's Miscellanies Part I (1925).is The writer, F. C. Burkitt, in a brief essay of 1915 on 'The Netherbury Tombstone', discusses the mystery of an inscription in ancient Hebrew letters, 'Kodesh l'Adonai' (reproduced with the essay as a drawing) on the tombstone of Bettey Symes, died 1819, and her husband, Daniel Symes, died 1824, in Netherbury Churchyard, Dorset, 'a remote nook of rural England'. I suggest simply that Daniel Symes borrowed the text as a Free? mason, especially as Mr. Burkitt stresses that there is no known local scholar who might have composed it for him. Reverting to Dermott's Constitutions, writ? ten for the Antients, it is proper also to draw attention to the older Book of Constitutions, written in 1723 and republished in 1738 for the Moderns Grand Lodge, by the Rev. James 18 Pp. xxxiv-xxxvi.</page><page sequence="7">156 John M. Shaftesley Anderson, especially as Katz?in common with several writers before him?makes great play on this publication in relation to the admission of Jews to Freemasonry.19 Admittedly, the old charges, regulations referring to conduct and ceremonials, in Freemasonry were permeated with Christian concepts and symbols?but one would scarcely expect otherwise in a country with a Christian tradition over a thousand years old and where the most eye-catching witness to operative masons' work had been great cathedrals and churches. Anderson rebuts the idea that 'a stupid Atheist' can be a Freemason (whatever shade of meaning the eighteenth century gave to the word 'stupid') and says that in ancient times 'Masons were charged in every Country to be of the Religion of that country or Nation . . . yet it's now thought more expedient only to oblige them to that religion in which all Men agree, leaving their particular opinions to themselves.' 'That religion in which all Men agree' is 'to be good men and true, or Men of Honour and Honesty,' so that they could all meet in true friendship. Katz apparently accepts the still-argued rela? tion of this to eighteenth-century Deism?a well-known movement of the time, allied to the ideas of Rationalism?but admits that there is no proof that the author thought of this. However, he goes on to argue that the revised wording of the second edition evidences doubts on the Deistic basis, for the words relating to ancient times, 'the Religion of that country', are now changed to 'the Christian usages of each country', which referred to Christian Masons in those days, while regarding the adherents of all religions as being subject to the moral law, subscribing to the common con? cepts of the Noachide Laws. Katz suggests that Christians generally did not know of the Talmudic and medieval Judaic references to obedience to the Commandments of Noah as constituting grounds for tolerance of righteous Gentiles and supports German opponents of Freemasonry of the nineteenth century who argued that the term was derived by Anderson from John Seiden (1584-1654) in his De jure naturali et gentium juxta disciplinam Ebraeorum.2(i In later editions Anderson restored his original text. As it happens, this question of Deism has long been debated by Masonic writers, for and against. One of those in favour of the idea of Deism was our late Council member Lewis Edwards, who wrote a good deal on general Masonic history. I myself, in adding a short written contribution to one of these discussions in 1967,21 pointed out that Deism, with its denial of revelation, was hardly consonant with the requirement in lodges to concentrate on the Bible or other holy book according to the members' religion. Nor need there be any mystery about the Noachide Laws in view of the contacts then developing between Christian scholars and Jews and Jewish learning and the Europe-wide discussions on them in the seven? teenth century. And anyway, as I also implied, why should the Rev. James Anderson, as a practising Christian minister, wish to discard his own belief in revelation ? There have been other Jewish ministers who have written on the Jewish elements in Free? masonry?indeed, those few words form the title of a long two-part review by the Rev. Solomon Levy22 of A New Encyclopaedia of Free? masonry, by Arthur Edward Waite, in the Jewish Chronicle of 5 August and 2 September 1921, and reprinted by Mr. Levy in his own Jewish Annual of 1948.23 In this review, Mr. Levy, who stated that he was not a Mason, wrote appreciatively of the Biblical and other Jewish elements in Freemasonry, and inci? dentally referred to the work on Masonic lore of his contemporary, the Rev. Morris Rosen baurn,24 who had been minister of the New? castle upon Tyne congregation for some years and then, for many more years, of the Borough Synagogue, London. Mr. Rosenbaum, who became a prominent Freemason, made the study of the Order almost a life's work and had an unrivalled collection of material on the subject, especially in its Jewish aspects, including numerous lectures of his own. I was quite unaware of his work when io See Katz, op. cit., pp. 1 3ff. 20 Ibid., chap. 1, footnote 7. 21 See Ars Qiiatuor Coronatorum, Vol. 80, 1967, pp. 271-3. (AQC). 22 See also note 6. 23 Vol. XI, pp. 105-112. 24 B. 1871-d. 1947.</page><page sequence="8">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 157 my own interest was aroused especially in Jews in the Masonic movement as distinct from Jewish elements in it. As I pursued Jewish names in the Craft I came across many refer? ences to Rosenbaum, and in fact Cecil Roth told me that Rosenbaum should have been rated much higher as a historian than he actually was, a sentiment I can now endorse. Another Masonic mystery surrounds the fate of Rosenbaum's collection, part of which appears to have been dispersed piecemeal but the bulk of which was specially bought from the widow by members of the Montefiore Lodge to present as a gift to the new Grand Lodge of Israel, which was founded in 1951 and was officially recognised by the Grand Lodge of England in 1957. The collection was packed and shipped out, I am informed by Mr. Sam Fox, Treasurer of the Montefiore Lodge, but seems to have disappeared en route. Friends had a few items before this as mementoes, but an extraordinary coincidence occurred some years ago when Dr. Richard Barnett brought out a box of index cards in the Society's own collection in the Mocatta Library, placed there by the late Wilfred Samuel, a former President of this Society, which turned out to be part of Rosenbaum's Masonic work. It was then typed out and I examined it; it is very valuable for information, despite a need for corrections and additions (it is attached as an Appendix to this paper). My own researches have overlapped it and besides noting a large number of its names myself I probably have as many more names to add as this list contains. But those must await further publication. A commentator of some weight, who was not a Mason, is Herbert Loewe, grandson of Louis Loewe. Herbert Loewe was Lecturer in Rabbinic Hebrew at the University of Oxford and Lecturer in Oriental Languages at Exeter College, Oxford.25 He was proposing the toast of the Montefiore Lodge at its Ladies' Night in 1927?non-Masons are invited to these festive occasions?and he praised Free masonry and the 'amazing affinity' between it and Judaism on moral principles; 'in three important principles [they] resemble one another: in theory, in practice, and in cere? monial ... if there is anything that Judaism and Freemasonry emphasise, it is universalism ... It is your great achievement that you have made possible at your gatherings for all who believe in God to worship Him together with? out in any way abating each man the fidelity due to his own particular creed.' Drawing on some remarkable parallels, Mr. Loewe pointed to a paragraph from the first chapter of the Midrash: 'The Torah says, "I have been God's plan for the creation of the world." It is a com? mon occurrence that an architect who builds a palace does not do so from his own mind, but he has parchments and measuring lines and plans in order to know how to set up halls and rooms and how to make wicket-gates of scrutiny; so The Great Architect looked at the Law and created the world.' That one paragraph en? capsulates Masonic belief. Well before this, in 1898, it was reported26 that a lecture to a small group of Masons by the Rev. I. Myers on 'The Talmud and Free? masonry' was so successful that the lodge con? cerned was obliged to hire a large hall so that it could be repeated to a larger audience. Among many other pamphlets, there have been several by the Rev. Morris Rosenbaum on specific Jewish references (including one on 'Ahiman Rezon'), and two other pamphlets deserve special mention for their informative contents: Hebraic Influences on Masonic Symbolism, by Bernard Shillman (1929), and The Jew and Freemasonry, by Dudley Wright (undated, ? 1929-1930), both published by Masonic News Ltd., London. What no local writer on Jews in English Freemasonry has yet attempted, to my know? ledge, however, is a full evaluation of the sociological, demographic, economic, political, or religious implications that might be found or assumed in this connection. A certain amount is discussed, especially on social and religious aspects, as I mentioned initially, by Professor 25 Herbert Loewe was the father of Mr. Raphael Loewe (see note 11), to whom I am indebted for the loan of a copy of the Masonic News, Vol. 1, No. 1. 7 Jan. 1928 (London), carrying a report of his father's address, pp. 14-15. 26 See report on Israel Lodge of Instruction (which was reissued as a leaflet) in AQC, Vol. XII, Pt. I (1899).</page><page sequence="9">158 John M. Shaftesley Katz, but his book concentrates particularly on nineteenth-century European Masonic antisemitism, not greatly counterbalanced in the other direction. Well before his book ap? peared I had already touched on possible reasons for the attraction to Freemasonry of Jews in a brief section of a book I wrote by invitation, published in 1968 by the lodge concerned, The Lodge of Israel No. 205, 1793 1968. This book was produced to mark that lodge's 175th anniversary. I put forward the idea that Jews were drawn to the Craft by, among other things, its emphasis on the equal dignity of man, irrespective of creed, race, or colour, under the protection of the Creator, which appealed to men whose own Faith taught the same profound principles but who had nowhere yet?until theoretically in the France of the Revolution of 1789?been granted political equality; by the idea of rachmanut (charity) in Masonry's practical approach to distress?Masonic charities were established quite early on, and penurious strangers who visited lodges were often given sums of money; by the ceremonials built round the Old Testa? ment and Biblical figures; and by more mun? dane commercial considerations, because many Jews were in business as jewellers and embroid? erers, two trades made much use of by Masonic lodges in their furnishings and regalia. Free? masonry, in fact, provided an opening for much-desired friendliness and integration denied in virtually all other fields. On the Masonic side there were, I think, cor? related factors. Freemasonry could not, if it were honest to its declared beliefs and aims, forbid the entry of Jews or other strangers. As it was later put, in August 1794, in a letter in the periodical The Free Mason,11 attacking an anonymous French 'exposure' of 1792 which equated Freemasonry with Deism and the French Revolution (dragging in also an 'exposition' of some alleged 'Rabbinical tales'), and which had been printed in, among other places, the June 1794 Gentleman's Magazine and the St. James's Chronicle,2* 'is it necessary that this admirable system of union [Freemasonry] for the best of pur? poses should be destroyed, by the introduc? tion in a Christian lodge of the doctrine of redemption, which must offend the Turk [ = Moslem]; or the holy name of the Messiah, which offends the prejudices of the Jew; or in a Turkish Lodge of the name of Mahomet, which must offend both Jew and Christian, and thereby defeat the uni? versality of an excellent institution? No; we are brethren; the Godhead has taught us so to call each other; the innate principle persuades us we are so . . In modern times immigrant absorption has been quite a feature of Freemasonry, for besides Jewish there are many Huguenot and other foreign names in the early lodge lists (it would be interesting, for example, to explore the trade and other factors involved in the initi? ation of numbers of Swedish ships' captains in the eighteenth century in London lodges, in? cluding the 'Jewish'). In the 1850s, the Lodge of Israel appointed an 'interpreter,' Bro. Wolf Littaur, presumably to explain to Yiddish speaking entrants.29 One of the earliest Moslems to enter English Freemasonry must have been His Excellency Mirza Abdul Khan, the Persian Ambassador to England, who was initiated in, but did not become a member of, the Lodge of Friendship No. 6 in June 1810.30 Then I venture to put forward the idea that in fact in the early days, especially before and during the Resettlement of 1656, Jews were not looked on in quite the same way as later Jews were who came under quite different conditions. They bore, many of them, noble Spanish and Portuguese names which retained the Christian rather than Jewish impression and made them more acceptable socially, many were encour? aged to come by English rulers and Govern? ments for commercial and political reasons in rivalry to their former countries and those countries' friends who were England's enemies, and they did bring valuable trade and foreign 27 Pp. 85ff. By 'S.J.' See also letter by 'S.J.' in Free Mason, 12 July 1794, p. 1, and letter by Chap? man Ives, same journal, 28 July 1794, pp. 94-95. 28 8 July 1794. 29 See John M. Shaftesley, The Lodge of Israel No. 205, 1793-1968 (London, 1968), p. 42*. 30 See C. D. Rotch, History of the Lodge of Friend? ship No. 6, 1947, p. 148.</page><page sequence="10">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 159 information to England, besides being wealthy themselves. Nor were they considered a danger as potential traitors to England if they went abroad on business or family affairs, as is shown by the pretty free issue to them of passes to travel in the war atmosphere which developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?they had the sympathy of a Protest? ant country uneasy at Jacobean pretensions which had French support, and occasionally at the excesses of the Catholic Inquisition. Some prominent Freemasons fell foul of the Inquisi? tion. One was Hyppolito Joseph da Costa, initiated in Philadelphia but detained for Masonic activities by the Inquisition in Portugal for over three years, when he escaped to England. He joined the Lodge of Antiquity in London in 1808 and published an account of his experiences three years later.31 He be? came a Provincial Grand Master and was friendly with the Duke of Sussex and the Duke of Leinster. One who was claimed as a member of his family, Ben da Costa, was a Past Master of the Friars Lodge in the 1890s and also taught Masonic subjects to members of the Lodge of Israel.32 Another famous case concerns John Coustos, a diamond cutter, son of Isaac Coustos, who was said to be a refugee Protestant in Switzer? land who came to England. John Coustos (whose case is well documented in modern Masonic research) was initiated a Freemason about 1728 or 1729 in London, but in about 1740 he settled in his trade in Lisbon, where he soon helped to found a lodge. He was really on his way to Brazil, but was prevented from going by the Portuguese. He was im? prisoned and tortured by the Inquisition for practising Freemasonry but was ultimately rescued by English warships in the River Tagus under Admiral Matthews. The name?which is suspiciously close to Costa?the occupation, and the Lisbon connections at that particular period tend to create the feeling that it was a crypto-Jewish family.33 Quite recently I came across a brief MS note of Rosenbaum's also, querying the name of Coustos as possibly Jewish. In spite of the willing issue of travel passes to Jews, it was nevertheless a time of great xenophobia in England, and that is a passion that often leads to excesses, as we see from the furore that built up about the emancipatory Jew Bill of 1753 which under popular pressure had to be repealed. There was one case also of which I had a note of the famous trial at the Old Bailey in 1716 of Francis Lewis Francia (b. 1675), for high treason in allegedly furnishing the Old Pretender with supplies, but fortun? ately he was acquitted;34 the note I had de? scribed him as a Freemason.35 I return to my theory about the attitude to the Jews of the Resettlement period of the seven? teenth century. Jews in the flesh would still be a quaint conception to the multitude, possibly made quainter even by the opposing philo semitic and anti-Jewish polemics of Church? men and others, to which this Society's Transactions have borne frequent witness, but I think that these Spanish and Portuguese new 31 Da Costa 's Narrative of his Persecution in Lisbon for the Pretended Crime of Freemasonry (London, 1811). One or two historians question whether he was a Jew, but an undoubted Jew, Ben da Costa, in 1898, was claimed as a member of the same family (reference note 26). 32 See note 31. 33 Dr. Richard D. Barnett, CBE, to whom I am grateful, found the official reference for me in his Inquisition Listos, under the Lista of 21 June 1744 at Lisbon: 'no. 2 [idade 40]. Joao Custon, Herege protestante, Lapidario, natural do Canta? de Bazilea e morador neste cidade; por introduzir e praticar nesta Corte a Seita dos Pedreiros livres, condenada pela Se Apostolica.?4 annos para gales' [aged 40, John Coustos, protestant heretic, lapidary, born in the Canton of Basel and resident in this city; for introducing and practising in this Court the sect of Freemasons, condemned by the Apostolic See?4 years in the galleys]. The case has frequently been commented on in Masonic publi? cations. Coustos wrote his own story of his ordeal (two editions, 1746 and 1790), but it differs from the official Inquisition records (translation in AQC, LXVI). The whole account of Coustos and the Portuguese Inquisition is related by Dr. S. Vatcher, O.B.E., in AQC, Vol. 81, 1968, pp. 9-87. The fact that at that period Jews were forbidden to live in most of Switzerland (Diet edict of 1622) strengthens my idea, I think, and people like the Coustos family would have, as the Marranos did in Iberia, to appear under a Christian guise to be there. 34 For a full description of the trial, see Marcus Lipton, 'Francis Francia?the Jacobite Jew', Trans. JHSE, Vol. XI, 1924-1927. pp. 190-205. 35 See JC, 22 April 1887, p. 7.</page><page sequence="11">160 John M. Shaftesley comers might rather have appeared in the sympathetic role of 'dissenting Catholics', worthy of encouragement. The earliest and for a time most prominent Jewish names in Free? masonry were those of Sephardim. I find it hard to follow Professor Katz's dictum about 'a new type of Jew emerging' at this period, making his 'first appearance' 'among the Sephardim of England, Holland and France', 'aspiring to full membership' in Western society.36 These former 'New Christians' and crypto-Jews and their immediate descendants born here, world-wide traders, cannot have been other than Western in style and upbring? ing for a few hundred years, differing from the repressed East European Jews who followed them. And when he goes on to interrelate the 'direct, reciprocal influence' exerted by Masonry and the Jewish Reform Movement, I do not understand how this phenomenon, as he calls it,37 can have occurred with active 'Jew? ish' lodges opened in London in the eighteenth century when 'Reform Judaism' had not yet reached the Jewish vocabulary and Jewish Reform not really manifesting itself until the early nineteenth century, even allowing for such 'early warnings' as the coincidence of Haskalah and the Enlightenment movement.38 The pressures on Jews in the later German Masonic lodges are a different matter, native to that country and its attitudes. Roman Catholics could not normally be? come Freemasons, owing to Papal opposition to the Movement, although there were some very distinguished Catholics among the high officers in the early days.39 Only in very recent times has there been some indication (reported, for instance, in The Times40) of a softening of this attitude by the Papal authorities, in a negative rather than positive way, based on the potential Catholic Freemason's own conscience. The hostility to Freemasonry, expressed officially in Papal Bulls in 1738 and 1751, was largely founded on the sometimes justified fears of political 'secret societies,' with which Freemasonry was in many minds uncritically lumped, and religious misgivings over sup? posed opposition or rivalry to received religious doctrine. Similar fears have been expressed on the Jewish behalf by some Rabbis, who in addition have thought that Freemasonry is another road to conversion. I have a recollec? tion of a Rabbinic anti-Masonic responsum which I read as from the London Beth Din records, and another responsum recorded in the Hebrew journal Or Hamizrach, of New York, in April 1955, leaves no doubt about the exces? sive concern of some Rabbis on the subject. The article is by Professor Arthur Hyman, son of a former Rosh Hashochetim in London, from a manuscript in his possession.41 The author of the responsum, Rabbi Eliezer Berg? mann, one of the earliest German settlers in the 36 See Katz, op. cit., pp. 2-3. 37 Ibid., pp. 93-95, where Katz expands his reference to the supposed correlation between Freemasonry and Reform Judaism. He begins by noting that the founder of the Frankfort Morgen r?the Lodge (formed because of the implacable opposition of German Christian lodges), 'Sigmund Geisenheimer . . . was also the founder of Philan? thropin, an exemplary school of the Reform move? ment,' and, to strengthen this thesis, adds the names of other well-known Philanthropin founders, such as Hess, Creizenach, and Jost, who influenced the local community towards Reform. But all this took place from 1804, about ninety years after the regularising of English Freemasonry. 38 Ibid., pp. 4-5. 39 The first anti-Masonic Papal Bull was that of Clement XII, In Eminente, 1738; Benedict XIV issued his Providas in 1751; and the nineteenth century saw several other such Papal edicts. Lord Petre (1742 -1801), a Roman Catholic?but rather a wayward one, it is true--became a Freemason in March 1771 and was elected Grand Master in May 1772. 40 See, e.g., report from Rome in foreign news of The Times, 19 Oct. 1974, headed 'Vatican eases ban on Freemasons'. 41 I am most grateful to Mr. A. Schischa for a photocopy of this article and a synopsis. Since delivering this paper I have traced my reference to the London Beth Din, and Mr. Schischa has kindly confirmed it for me and enlarged the information from his copy of the relevant volume, the late David S. Sassoon's catalogue of his collection, Ohel Dawid, Vol. 1 (Oxford, 1932), p. 376. The item occurs in MS. No. 618, a calendar and diary of Eleazar b. Aaron b. Saadia Iraki Hacohen, who was a well-known printer of Hebrew and Aramaic books in Calcutta, where he was teacher, shochet, etc. Referring to Eleazar's diary of between 1840 and 1860, the Sassoon catalogue states: 'We learn . . . from page 5a that the London Beth Din prohibited Jews from becoming Freemasons. The entry reads: p D^KIP *U ??TlOKhrulK</page><page sequence="12">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 161 Holy Land and a friend of the London Chief Rabbi, Dr. Nathan Adler, was replying to a question put to him by Rabbi Nathan Katz, of Philadelphia, on behalf of an unnamed Jew who, after being severely rebuked for this 'contamination', now had qualms about having become a Freemason. Rabbi Katz said they knew the form of this 'contamination,' having been informed by Rabbi Benjamin Lilienthal (an early nineteenth-century German Rabbi who went to Cincinnati, U.S.A., and then in 1847 to Palestine). Freemasonry was 'anti? social,' 'lawless' (from a Jewish point of view), 'secretive,' 'treasonable,' practising the Hellen? istic vices from drinking to wife-swapping, he thought. It was justifiable to snatch back one of our brethren into the shelter of the Shechinah (Godhead), especially as the sins committed en? tailed not keeping the Sabbath or other mitzvot (holy commands) and also led Jews into Christian paths. He added that he had heard that the late Rabbi Eliakim of Hebron (d. 1846) had refused to allow a Cohen (priest, descendant of Aaron) who became a Free? mason to duchan (bless the congregation). Another authority consulted by Rabbi Berg? mann was the old Rav of Jerusalem, Rabbi Zundle of Salant, who had said that it was well known that Freemasons were complete un? believers and a man he knew had left them in great fear of their possible reprisals. Rabbi Bergmann advises Rabbi Katz that he must use his own judgment in imposing terms for the return of the sinner to the fold?the ways of repentance included a promise to abjure Free? masonry completely, to fast on the anniversary of leaving, and afterwards to make a sort of minor Tomtov (festival) of thanksgiving, with only a token meal, and offer tsedakah (charity) for the deserving poor. Only thus would he become a baal teshuvah (repentant). It depended on the Rabbi's judgment?these Jewish Free? masons could still be saved, because after all they were not really outside the bounds of Judaism. Alas for these good Rabbis, who had been undoubtedly influenced by and had magnified the attitudes of some German 'Freemasons' whose antisemitism was a byword. On the other side was the support for Freemasonry manifested by the former Chief Rabbi, the Very Rev. Dr. J. H. Hertz, Past District Grand Chaplain (Transvaal), who officiated, to? gether with Dayan Harris M. Lazarus, of the London Beth Din, the Rev. S. Frampton, Past Provincial Grand Chaplain, West Lancashire, of Liverpool, and the Revs. Harris Cohen, W. Levin, E. Spero, and Isaac Aarons, with the Rev. Morris Rosenbaum, Past Provincial Grand Chaplain, Northumberland, as the preacher, at the first Masonic Service held at a synagogue in England, the Brondesbury Synagogue, on Sunday, 28 October 1923. The service was arranged in aid of the funds of the Jewish Orphanage and of the Masonic Hospital by the Lodge of Tranquillity in con? junction with several other lodges.42 If we add that the Emeritus Chief Rabbi, Sir Israel Brodie, is a Past Grand Chaplain of the Order, Dr. Solomon Gaon, the Haham (chief Rabbi) of the Spanish and Portuguese Congregation, is a Past Master, and that a member interested in Masonic research was Elkan Adler (d. 1946), the son of one Chief Rabbi, Dr. Nathan Adler, and the brother of another, Dr. Her? mann Adler, we do not need to emphasise further the attitude of so many present-day Jewish religious leaders. There are, strictly speaking, only three recognised degrees in regular Freemasonry, leading to Master Mason. These degrees do not have a Christological signification. Much has been said and written vaguely of 'Christian degrees,' but such things are exotic outgrowths, unknown to most Masons?and they have in very recent times been matched by what I suppose should by analogy be called 'Jewish degrees' invented by some enthusiastic Israeli Freemasons. It would be unreal, nevertheless, to give the impression that all was always sweetness and light in Freemasonry vis-a-vis Jews. A few lodges in early days did pass resolutions ex? cluding Jews from membership, one historian explaining this, or excusing it, by saying that 'In many lodges . . . until the time of the Union 42 I express my gratitude to Mr. Marcus Carr, Clerk to the Chief Rabbi's Court, London, for a photocopy of the combined Jewish and Masonic Order of Service.</page><page sequence="13">162 John M. Shaftesley [1813] there is evidence that Christian allusions were frequently used . . . The presence there? fore of Jews in such lodges would not have been seemly.'43 The first such resolution that I have found is from the minutes of the Lodge of Friendship in November 1752.44 It arose out of the proposal of a Jew as a member, the name of the proposer being Oliver Newman, who had himself been initiated in January of the same year, and among his contemporaries was Israel Millman, who was initiated in the same month as the resolution and who went on to occupy various offices, being elected Master of the lodge in December 1755. In August 1793 the Lodge of Tranquillity and in August 1796 the Mount Moriah Lodge passed similar resolutions,45 but there was an ironic 'revenge' in 1849, when the Lodge of Tranquillity was in very low water and the infusion of 15 Jewish Masons from the Lodge of Joppa revived it (they left Joppa because of a dispute over the election of new officers). All these resolutions, incidentally, soon became dead letters. Tranquillity for long considered itself the oldest 'Jewish' lodge, founded in 1787;46 Joppa, founded in 1789, is also con sidered a 'Jewish' lodge, but it too did not begin as such. There were one or two Jewish sounding names in Tranquillity in 1795, but the influx of Jews began only in 1800. (Katz has a note in which he relies on Matthias Levy, writing on 'Jews as Freemasons' in the Jewish Chronicle in 1898,47 but wrongly concludes that the Lodge of Joppa was 'founded after 1799' and was a 'Jewish' lodge. The facts are as I have just given them.) I should explain what is meant by a 'Jewish' lodge. There is actually no such thing in the official sense, as no lodge is divided off accord? ing to religion and it may, and many do, con? tain members of various religions and sects. It is a shorthand way of describing a lodge which has decided, as it has the right to, to adopt by? laws providing, for instance, for a Jewish dietary for its meals, the use, if wished, of the Hebrew Grace before and after meals, apart from the neutral Grace common to most, and an avoidance of meetings on the Jewish Sabbath and other holy days. There are paral? lels in other lodges, which may be even more confining by accepting members from a certain school, university, regiment, etc.; in fact, Jewish lodges have non-Jewish members among them and always have had. But all gladly receive visitors from other lodges. Under these criteria the Lodge of Israel, London, founded in 1793, is the oldest 'Jewish' lodge extant. It has the good fortune to possess almost all its records from that date, which show that its founders and members came largely from Ashkenazi Jewish tradesmen in the Plast End area. It even has some financial details of an unfinalised deposit account with the New Synagogue in the early period, which I guess was really a burial fund for members of the lodge and their families. As the lists unfold into Victorian times?and this is equally true for the other 'Jewish' lodges?one sees a gradual trend into a more middle-class element, with a sprinkling of intellectuals and professional men, reflecting the economic pro? gress of the successive generations. In many respects the same observation holds good for other lodges besides the 'Jewish', because the cost of belonging rose as the Industrial Age 43 See Rotch, op. cit., p. 80. 44 Ibid., from a minute of 2 Nov. 1752: 'Br. Newman proposed a Jew to be made a Mason; the question being put for and against, it was by order of ye Master to be decided by a holding up of hands, which was carried in ye negative, and concluded that for ye future no Jew should be recommended or admitted in ye Lodge.' The author goes on with the extenuation mentioned above (note 43). The resolution seems soon to have been forgotten, judging by the apparently Jewish names of several members afterwards. 45 Several writers on Masonic affairs have related the story of these two resolutions, but unaccountably they seem to have missed the earlier one noted by the historian of the Lodge of Friendship (see note 44). 46 Immediately after my paper was delivered, three prominent members of the Lodge of Tran? quillity, at least one of them an officer of the lodge, who had been in the audience, told me that the lodge no longer considered itself as Jewish'. As mentioned above, the Lodge of Tranquillity took a leading part in arranging the first Masonic service ever to be held in a British synagogue, in 1923, and as recently as 1972 the Lodge of Tranquillity sponsored the founding of the Ajex Lodge?'Ajex', as is well known, means Association of Jewish Ex-Service Men (and Women). 47 See Katz, op. cit., c. 1, note 15.</page><page sequence="14">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 163 advanced and living standards were raised. It is true, as I remarked early on, that the nobility found Freemasonry a congenial area for their patronage and some of their lodges dined in style, but the average lodge gave itself a modest meal?usually bread and cheese, beer and tobacco?during the course of the proceedings. This simple fare was suited to the venue of the meeting, normally a tavern, and from the records of the Lodge of Israel we can draw some names of Jewish tavern owners occasion? ally, who were the caterers as well as members. There is one amusingly disgraceful episode recorded in the minutes in December 1796, when some of the brethren deliberately created a disturbance and a Brother Keys 'took a pott and drank, turn'd round &amp; blew a mouthful of beer over Br. Barnett's head'. The unfortunate Br. Barnett was a butcher from Middlesex Street and, who knows, he may very likely have been the progenitor of the later famous meat firm ofthat name and that address. Later, meals became richer and were taken separately from the routine business of the lodge. The advance in status is mirrored in minutes of April 1856 describing the resolve to move the place of meeting to Bro. Seyd's Family Hotel, Finsbury Square, a well-known kosher hotel. There was also a Bro. Silver who was proposed in 1859 as 'Inspector-General' to the lodge, which, as Bro. Silver was a caterer, I take to mean shomer (supervisor) for the kosher meals, especially as not long after his son Michael became a member and their firm became the leading caterers to the Jewish community, operating from banqueting rooms at 117 Gower Street.48 English Freemasonry spread far abroad, partly by the establishment of military, naval, and colonial lodges and partly through ex? ample. There were lodges in Germany which, modelled on the English, established their own local Grand Lodges and retained a connection with the English Grand Lodge, each sending representatives to the other. But the Prussians, under the 'protection' of their bigoted Patron Prince of Prussia (later to become Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany in 1871), claiming that Freemasonry was after all a Christian insti? tution, made this an excuse for excluding Jews, thus exhibiting one more manifestation of the deep-seated malaise in that country. In November 1794, the journal the Free Mason published49 a translation of the German 'doctrine' of Freemasonry as expressed by a number of dicta graced by the title of 'pre? cepts of truth'. These included all the brotherly and benevolent intentions of Freemasonry towards brethren everywhere but insisted that Christianity was the ideal on which it was based. (No country, in fact, so insisted on Christianity in Freemasonry, just as no other country but France in the nineteenth century set up a rival Grand Lodge based on atheistic principles, which was immediately repudiated by the English and other Grand Lodges.) Twice during the nineteenth century matters came to a head in Germany, the first in 1845 and the second in 1877. Professor Katz in his book already quoted deals at some length with German antisemitism but, in my view, understresses the English Grand Lodge's positive reaction, which was well publicised at the time. Deriving originally from English Free? masonry, but becoming German, there was in Berlin the Prussian Grand Lodge, Royal York of Friendship (in which, in fact, the late Grand Master, the Duke of Sussex, who died in 1843, had been initiated as a Freemasonso). Early in 1845, three English brethren, Henry Faudel, Junior Grand Deacon in 1854, a very high rank, S. M. Lazarus, Secretary of the Lodge of Israel 1843-1847, and Dr. Frederick James Behrend (from Berlin), of the Lodge of Joppa, were refused admission to this lodge while on a visit because they were Jews. Henry Faudel was in Germany on business concern? ing the Berlin embroidery trade, in which his 48 Shaftesley, op. cit., p. 45. In a feature article on the Health Exhibition in London on 27 June 1884, p. 11, the JC wrote: 'The name and fame of Silver is a proof of the distinctiveness of Jewish confectionery.' Michael Silver d. 1887. w Pp. 318-323, under the title of 'Masonic Precepts.' 50 In 1798 (but one account says 1796). He joined a number of English lodges later, and was elected the first Grand Master of the United English Grand Lodges in 1813, holding the office until his death in 1843.</page><page sequence="15">164 John M. Shqftesley partner was Benjamin Samuel Phillips, a fellow-Mason, brother-in-law, and Lord Mayor of London in 1865-1866, when he was knighted. Benjamin's son, George, took the name of Faudel-Phillips, and himself was later Lord Mayor also. None of the three rejected brethren took the insult at the Royal York Lodge lightly, and all, personally or through their lodges, reported the matter to the English Grand Lodge. At that time the second Earl of Zetland was the Grand Master. The row spread into the Mason? ic and general press, and Grand Lodges in various parts of the world, notably the U.S.A., France, Sweden, and Holland, sent messages of protest to the Germans, stressing the anti Masonic implications of such antisemitism. The Germans appeared unmoved and became defiant as the protests increased. Henry Faudel, as a member, took up the question in the English Grand Lodge.51 Ultimately, because of the obduracy of the Germans, the Earl of Zetland caused the exclusion from the United Grand Lodge in London to be approved of the German representative, the Prussian Minister in Lon? don, the Chevalier Bernard Hebeler, and the English representative in Berlin was instructed not to attend the German lodges until better counsels prevailed. There was a grudging response from the Berliners, who retracted in 1847. This was taken as a great victory for the English Grand Lodge, the Earl of Zetland, and Henry Faudel, and the general and Masonic press were enthusiastic about their stand for morality and justice. Indeed, after the Earl's decisive action, the Grand Lodge proceedings concerning the matter were published in the Freemason's Quarterly Review of 31 December 1846 (pp. 391-393) and on page 504 a com? mendatory poem, written on 29 December and signed 'M.', was printed, of which the second stanza ran as follows: One, chiefest, comprehensive, Proving to Gentile, Jew, Our Order all extensive, And to its spirit true; Go ask the Prussian people, They'll praise our Zetland's name, While synagogue and steeple Our oneness loud proclaim. They were not to guess that the Germans would later break their word. The two other Prussian Grand Lodges in any case still refused to admit Jews. The next such outbreak, very widely reported, was in 1877 and is outside my terms, except to say that the Montefiore Lodge in London took a leading part in organising a campaign of opposition, which the Jewish Chronicle serially reported. One result of German antisemitism was the formation of some specific Jewish lodges in Germany, reluctantly tolerated. An American Mason, Jacob Norton, of Boston, a friend and business associate of Faudel, and probably the same Jacob Norton who was a member of the Lodge of Joppa in London from 1839 onwards (there was quite a bit of international member? ship in some lodges), wrote a regular series of Masonic polemical articles on this and other issues in the Jewish Record, of Philadelphia, in 1876-1878 and recalled that it was the Duke of Sussex, as English Grand Master, who had given a new warrant to a Jewish lodge in Frankfort in 1817, against the opposition of the already constituted 'Christian' lodge in that city.52 Time does not permit the mention of more than a few of the Jewish Freemasons of the period now discovered, nor to do more than draw attention to the fact that there were also 51 Henry Faudel played a key part in the agita? tion against the antisemitism of the German lodges, but his restrained and dignified attitude at the meetings of the English Grand Lodge discussing the situation was commented on most favourably not only in the Masonic press but also in the general press. The Freemasons' Quarterly Review warmly supported the Jewish case from 1844 and was quoted by the Sun newspaper. The Voice of Jacob carried on the campaign in numerous reports over the period of the quarrel, as also did the JC, the former especially, with a 'vote of thanks' to Faudel for his efforts in its issue of 6 Dec. 1844, p. 56, and the latter first referring to Faudel in its issue of 4 April 1845, p. 135. When Faudel died in 1863, the JC reprinted a reminiscence of his part in this cause from The Israelite (USA) by Jacob Norton (JC, 18 Dec. 1863, p. 3). (See note 52 also.) 52 Norton's articles in the Jewish Record were almost weekly from 1876 to 1878, including the championing of Negroes as Freemasons.</page><page sequence="16">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 165 distinguished Jewish Masons under the juris? diction of the Scottish and Irish Grand Lodges from early days. There are many sources of names, public and private. One of the earliest is the Grand Lodge minutes from 1723, in which year several Jewish names appear: Abraham Shrigley, Pardo, Benjamin Deluze, Simon Ansell, etc. The minutes were reprinted some years ago by the premier London research lodge, the Quatuor Coronati. In that lodge's volume of trans? actions for 1965 (LXXVIII), Mr. Harry Carr, its Secretary and Editor, one of the most expert Masonic historians today, mentions, during a discussion on Deism, that there is un? disputed evidence of Jewish participation in Masonry by the names of ten well-known Sephardim in two lodges in 173153 (I men? tioned one earlier). M. Levy, in the Jewish Chronicle article already referred to, is quoted by Professor Katz as saying that the first instance of a Jew's being admitted to a Masonic lodge54 was Edward Rose, in London in 1732 (actually, Levy wrote that this was 'said to be the first definite record' of admission, but what he really meant was the first public report of an initiation of a Jew), and Katz adds, pace Levy, that this was 'in the presence of Jews and non Jews.' This addition in itself vitiates the claim for Edward Rose, because no Mason can be initiated other than by fellow-Masons, and if other Jews were present, then a priori they must have been Freemasons, previously initiated. As a matter of fact, Edward Rose, a tavern-keeper, was initiated by Daniel Delvalle, 'eminent Jew snuff merchant', then already Master of the lodge, among both Jewish and Christian members?and journalistic criticism at the time turned on the propriety of Jews holding the meeting on a Sunday. The meeting had been reported in the Daily Post of 22 September 1732 and the Gentleman's Magazine, 1732, ii, p. 966. With caution, one may advance the names of Nathan Blanch and John Hart as the first Jews in English regular Freemasonry, both appearing as initiates in the Lodge of Anti? quity, one of the original four forming the Grand Lodge, in 1721. Nathan Blanch appears later in another lodge also. The Register of 1725 includes the names of Israel Segalas and Nicholas Abraham, and of 1730-32 Solomon Mountford, Solomon Mendez, Abraham Xim enes, Jacob Alvares, Isaac Baruch, Abraham de Medina, Abraham Cortissos, etc. A coveted high rank was that of Grand Steward, and the list includes Solomon Mendez, 1732, Dr. Meyer Sch?mberg, 1734, Dr. Isaac Sch?m? berg, jun., 1735, Benjamin da Costa, 1736, and Isaac Barrett, Joseph Harris, Samuel Lowman, and Moses Mendez, all in 1738. The plausible suggestion that Dr. Samuel Falk, the Baal Shem of London (d. 1782), was a Freemason, because of his contacts with a prominent Mason, General Rainsford, is negatived by Gordon G. P. Hills in a paper on the Rainsford MSS. in Transactions VIII (1917). But this is also a reminder that early Free? masons were fascinated with the Cabbala.55 The first Jewish name of an Officer of the Antient Grand Lodged is that of David Lyon, appointed Grand Tyler for 1760-1763 and 53 P. 70. 54 The mistake has already been spread. In a review of Professor Katz's book, the Israelitisches Wochenblatt (Zurich, Switzerland, 11 April 1969) notes: 'Bereits 1732 wurde in England der erste Jude zugelassen . . .'. I am indebted to Mr. Schischa for a copy of this review. 55 Paraphrasing Waitc, S. Levy (op. cit., p. 108) writes: Tn the "Rite of Unknown Philosophers" . . . the new Associate assumes a Kabalistical name, drawn either from his own or that of an ancient philosopher, which he imparts to his patron, and it is registered in the Roll of the Order. The new Associate may also, at the discretion of his Patron, be required to prepare an autograph schedule, reciting the things which have passed and the pledge which he has taken, in return for which he can demand a copy of the Statutes signed with the Kabalistical Name of his Patron, and this copy is his evidence of integration in the living body of the Company. The new Associate is also at liberty to transcribe the Table of Kabalistical Signs and Characters used in the Art, together with their interpretation, by which means he is in a position to prove others and obtain recognition for them. Finally, the new Associate is also allowed to transcribe the Kabalistic Roll of Membership.' I have quoted Levy/Waite in this instance to illustrate how the Cabbala is as esoteric to the ordinary Freemason as it is to the ordinary Jew, but there are still some?under either heading?who are fascinated by it. 56 Masonic Tear Book Historical Supplement 1964 (London), p. 14.</page><page sequence="17">166 John M. Shqftesley promoted to Grand Pursuivant for 1764-1765. In the Moderns Grand Lodge the first is Moses Isaac Levi (his name otherwise is Ximenes), appointed both Junior and Senior Grand Warden in the same year, 1785. That year also, John Paiba was appointed Grand Sword Bearer, proof of some military attach? ment (he was a member of the Honourable Artillery Company, to which many Jews became attached), but he had held high office since 1779. Hyppolito Joseph da Costa, the Inquisition victim, held several high offices in Masonry from 1810 onwards. Isaac Lindo was successively Junior Grand Warden and Senior Grand Warden in 1813 and 1814. In 1824-25 and 1828 respectively Philip J. Salomons and John Levien were appointed Grand Sword Bearers and both were promoted to Senior Grand Deacon in 1826 and 1829, another Senior Grand Deacon being Michael M. Zachary in 1832. Sir Michael Costa, the musician, was Grand Organist from 1851 to 1853. Dr. Isaac Sequeira held Grand office in 1777, as did Ephraim Franco in 1789. The Masonic certificate of Jacob de Pinna, 1767, is a prized possession in the Grand Lodge collec? tion. In the eighteenth century three or four lodges appear especially to have appealed to Jews, although many Jewish names occur in other lodges as well.57 Of servants of the Prince of Wales initiated in the Prince of Wales Lodge in 1789, two seem to be Jewish, Benjamin Lucas and Robert Lyons. Other lodges with quite long lists of Jews included the Royal, the Royal Naval, the Shakespear, and Somerset House. Among the founders of the Lodge of Nine Muses in 1777 were Raphael Franco, Abraham Teixeira, Dr. Isaac Sequeira, and Francis Franco, with some Italians; Hyppolito da Costa joined this lodge, as did Abraham Nunes, 1783, Isaac Lindo, 1784, Samuel Vita Montefiore, 1789, and many more. In 1800 the Grand Master's Lodge No. 1 installed Hyman Cohen as its Master; he joined the lodge in 1798, when he was Junior Grand Warden of the Provincial Grand Lodge, Kingston, Jamaica. But those lodges one might call 'Jewish', I think, included the United City Lodge, the Lodge of Hiram, and possibly the Moira Lodge, all in the third and fourth quarters of the eighteenth century, and cer? tainly the Lodge of Israel, mentioned above. There hardly seems to have been a Sephardi family name which was not represented in their lists, with notable figures from Joseph Salvador to Daniel Mendoza, but the 'Hiram' and the 'Israel' were strongholds of the Ashkenazim, chiefly from the East End, with a sprinkling of members of Bevis Marks. It was in the Moira Lodge (named after the Earl of Moira, later the Marquis of Hastings) that Moses Monte? fiore became a Mason in 1812. His brother-in law Nathan Meyer Rothschild was initiated ten years before, 1802, in the noted Emulation Lodge. With Sir Moses were initiated also Benjamin Cohen, Isaac Cohen, Moses Asher Goldsmid, and Myer Solomon Solomon. Other Montefiores joined the Order in the 1770s to the 1790s, and one of them, Joshua (b. 1766), a man with a picturesque and myth-laden history, was Secretary of the Lodge of Judah, a lodge which did not begin as Jewish but be? came so. The same may be said of the Cale? donian Lodge for a time, and I have a note written by Morris Rosenbaum saying that he thought that a member initiated in 1801, Levin Eger, a Hamburg merchant, must have been a relation of Rabbi Akiba Eger, the famous Rabbi of Posen, for 'Levin' is a family name. ?7 Most of the names here garnered are from numerous lists, books, and other documents, and some of my correspondents have been kind enough to send me possible names from lists of Freemasons at their local County Record Offices. When, as a result of political fears and the forming of possibly disloyal 'secret societies', at the end of the eighteenth century, the Secret (or Unlawful) Societies Act (30 Ceo III c. 79) of 1799 was passed, to prevent their meeting, certain provisos were included (ss. V, VI) which exempted Masonic lodges, as mainly charitable organisations, but they had to send in their yearly list of members to the Clerk of the Peace; their lodge certification was a matter for magistrates, and certificates were enrolled in quarter sessions records, which were duly deposited in County Record Offices. I am indebted to Mr. A. W. Mabbs, Deputy Keeper of the Public Record Office, London, for a photocopy of the original Act. The requirement to send in lists did not cease until 1967, when the Secret Societies Act was repealed under Sec. 13(2) and Sched. 4 to the Criminal Law Act of that year.</page><page sequence="18">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 167 It was announced in February 1975, by the way, that a portrait of Abraham Goldsmid (1756-1810), painted by G. H. Harlow, had been bought by Sir Henry d'Avigdor-Gold smid and presented to the Jewish Museum, Abraham being shown as wearing a Masonic emblem on his cravat. This is a reminder that in the Grand Lodge Library in London in 1962 a Hebrew poem on silk was discovered, dated 1820, dedicated to the Duke of Sussex, then Grand Master. Dr. Samuel Sacks was asked to translate it and I was asked to provide informa? tion on the references it contained. The Duke was then the first Royal Patron of the Nevei Zedek, the Jews' Hospital (later Orphanage), and also mentioned were Eliason and Jeremiah Heinemann. Daniel Eliason (1753-1824), a prominent member of the Great Synagogue and son-in-law of Aaron Goldsmid, was Chairman of the Nevei Zedek, and Dr. Heinemann (1778-1855) was a well-known Jewish educa? tionist in Berlin, who wrote the poem.58 While speaking of artists, I might mention that Bernard Samuel Marks (1827-1916), a prominent portraitist, was a Freemason who, among his other works, painted the portraits of several of the most distinguished Officers in the Order, some of which are to be seen in Free? masons' Hall, London.59 And I venture to guess that Rowlandson, in his well-known satirical cartoon of 1809, showing the visit of three Royal Dukes (including the Duke of Sussex), cheese-headed, to the synagogue in the East End, incorporates an anti-Masonic gibe as well. The latest reproduction of it is in Mr. Alfred Rubens's contribution to the Society's Transactions Volume XXIII.60 The long bearded 'priest' receiving the Royal visitors is saying 'Welcome, thrice Welcome, Bretheren . . .' and the word 'Bretheren' is underlined by the artist?which seems a loaded comment, not simply sarcasm at 'brother Jews.' As I have said, a lodge was named after Sir Moses Montefiore in honour of his 80th birth? day, but the Centenary volume on the lodge, in 1964, written by Mr. Alfred Silverman, the Secretary, does not mention that he was an Hon. Member. When I mentioned this, Mr. Silverman replied that there was no record of such an honour in the minutes. Masonic minutes, like many other minutes, sometimes have their lapses, and I have come across a couple of references at dinners of the lodge afterwards (where the speeches are not minuted, more's the pity for history's sake), and one who was Master of the Lodge more than once, and was president of the Western Synagogue for about twenty-five years, Samuel Victor Abraham, referred quite definitely to 'Sir Moses, our Hon. Member'.&lt;?? He was not contradicted. The Jewish Chronicle published lodge reports frequently in those days, probably reflecting its owners' and editors' interests. Isaac Vallen tine, the founder of the paper in 1841, was a junior officer in the Lodge of Israel; and M. H. Bresslau, Abraham Benisch, and Asher Myers, all editors in their turn, were members of differ? ent lodges. Masonic records can be an un? explored source of information. There has long been debate by scholars, for example, here and in the U.S.A., on the date of birth of Dr. Benisch, ranging from 1811 to 1817. I found that he had given his year of birth as 1814 when he joined the Lodge of Joppa in 1841 almost as soon as he had landed as a political refugee, and this is the date since accepted by Cecil Roth for the modern Encyclopedia Judaica (Jerusalem). The Rev. David A. de Sola, who nearly became his co-editor on the Voice of Jacob, also founded in 1841, became the Chaplain of the Joppa Lodge, and other Jewish ministers served in similar office in other lodges, including the 58 See AQC, Vol. LXXV, 1962, Pp. 57-58. 59 The JC often carried reports on B. S. Marks's paintings, including his Masonic portraits. See 'Marks, B. S.', in Cumulative Indexes to the JC 1841-80, 1881-90 (microfilmed) (Shaftesley, J. M.). Mrs. Olga Somech Phillips refers to them also in an article on the artist in the Cardiff Jewish magazine Cajex, vol. vi, No. 1, March 1956, pp. 27-29, where she mentions her visit to the public portion of Freemasons' Hall, London, to see some of his portraits of high dignitaries. 60 See Alfred Rubens, 'Anglo-Jewry in Caricature 1780-1850', Trans. JHSE, Vol. XXIII, 1971, PI. XIX, Fig. 24. 61 See, e.g., report of the dinner following the lodge meeting of the Montefiore Lodge, JC, 3 Nov. 1876, p. 492, with Joseph Blum in the Chair. S. V. Abraham made a speech recalling the lodge's founding and said of Sir Moses: . . he is a Mason and an hon. member of our Lodge.'</page><page sequence="19">168 John M. Shaftesley Rev. Henry A. Henry, headmaster of the Jews' Free School for a time just before he left for the U.S.A. in 1841 and was succeeded as headmaster by Moses Angel. Well known in Masonic history are the names of the first Master of the Lodge of Israel, David Davis,62 in 1793, an eccentric character who, a noted exponent of Masonic ritual, at one time got into trouble with Grand Lodge for allegedly making Masons at 'bargain prices'; 'Blind' George Aarons, Master of the same lodge in 1841, reputed to be one of the best Masonic ritualists of his day, whom the Grand Secre? tary sent all over the country to teach others the Masonic work; and so on up to Sir Henry Isaacs, Lord Mayor of London in 1889, Master of the Israel Lodge in 1856, followed in 1857 by his brother Joseph, who was the father of Rufus Isaacs, Marquis of Reading. Michael Isaacs, the father of the two brothers, who also became a member of the lodge, was head of a fruit firm in Covent Garden, with his sons, who are recorded as having put on the market Jaffa oranges sent speculatively from Mikveh Israel, Palestine. T here were several members of the Defries family, and their engineering firm, under Nathan Defries, installed the first gas-meter in the House of Lords.63 In other 'Jewish' lodges the members in? cluded Dr. Joshua Van Oven, famed for his social work, Dr. Nathan Canstatt, the 'Poor Man's Doctor' of the Great Synagogue, Pro? fessor Hyman Hurwitz, Louis Benas (grand? father of Bertram B. Benas, CBE), the Rev. J. H. Valentine, first Reform minister in Man? chester, Morris Lissack, of Bedford, and a tailor, initiated in 1837 in the Joppa Lodge, Nathan Tarohn (wrongly spelt in the lodge's own history of 1963 as Jarohn), who tradition says made the Duke of Wellington's cloaks and who, for additional interest to us, was the great? grandfather of one of our most active Council members, Maurice Woolf. There was a James Samuel, initiated in the 1840s, who was also an operative mason, whose firm flourishes to this day. His business notepaper bore Masonic emblems, as was common in the nineteenth century (see Plate XXI). On the other hand, of course, the com? munity had its quota of wrongdoers and some of them were Freemasons who appear in the lists of convicts transported to Australia, where they continued their Masonic interests. Jews in the Provinces were also fairly early on identified with Masonic activities, and tilling in that field should have good results, if only to trace the patterns of penetration of immigrants and their absorption. For example, when one sees the unusual name of Henry Sherenbeck, jeweller and silversmith, of Chatham, as a candidate for the Lodge of Israel in April 1794, one is reminded of Jacob Meyer Sherrenbeck, a reputed founder of the Plymouth Jewish community in 1752. And recently Mr. Bill Williams, in checking new material for his History of Manchester Jewry, came across documents of which he was kind enough to send me photocopies, showing that, among other things, Lemon Nathan became a Master Mason in a Liverpool lodge in Novem? ber 1786 and in 1787 received a certificate to enable him to join another lodge elsewhere, presumably in Manchester, to which he and his brother Jacob removed. Jacob's son Elias was initiated into the Manchester Caledonian Lodge, founded 1802, becoming its Master, and he was a founder and first Master of the Zion Lodge there in 1879, described by the Freemason at the time64 as 'the first Jewish lodge in East Lancashire'. His occupation was given as 'Masonic jeweller'. The founders belonged to several lodges in neighbouring small towns. West Lancashire anticipated this, in 1875, with the Lodge of Israel No. 1502 in Liverpool, and the Midlands even a year earlier, 1874, with another Lodge of Israel, No. 1474, in Birmingham. In Liverpool, too, Lewis Samuel was elected Treasurer of the St. George's Lodge of Harmony No. 35, in 1824 and served for 21 years before retiring in 1845. Mr. David Spector has given me names he has extracted from local records of Jewish Freemasons in and near Brighton from 1801 onwards, the first two, in the South Sussex Lodge, being Joseph Gold 62 See Shaftesley, op. cit., pp. 12, 13, 16-22, 140, 143. "See JC, 9 Feb. 1849, p. 147. Among other things, Nathan Defries with Dr. Bachhoffner invented a gas-fire (see JC, 26 Mar. 1852, p. 185). " 17 May 1879, pp. 205-206.</page><page sequence="20">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 169 smith and D. Jacques. S. N. Berncastle, silver? smith, of Lewes, a member in 1821, was President of the Brighton Hebrew Congrega? tion in 1824. Isaac Gold, watchmaker, was Secretary of the South Sussex Lodge, Lewes, in 1830, Master in 1836, and in this same lodge Benjamin Solomon, of St. Helena, was initiated in 1832. Two Jews, presumably father and son, were the Master of the Royal York Lodge, Brighton (founded 1797), Leopold Altenacker (d. 1834) in 1824 and Charles in 1838. In a letter to me, Mr. Bill Williams says it seems to him that Freemasonry was one of the forces which ultimately helped to break down anti-foreign and anti-Jewish feeling, and an American writing a doctoral thesis at a famous US university has told me that he read my History of the Lodge of Israel in a college library and perhaps I would expand my views for him, as I show that Freemasonry was an im? portant instrument in bringing about immi grant integration. I am flattered, but I find it significant that young social historians, hitherto unaware of this branch of study, are coming to conclusions similar to my own. [See Plate XXI] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For their kindness in helping me in my researches, by lending or giving material, suggesting sources, providing references and photocopies, etc., I should like to express my gratitude not only to those already mentioned in the paper above and the footnotes but also to the following: Dr. Meir Ben Horin (Philadelphia; Dropsie College), Mr. Harry Carr, Mr. David Carrington, Mr. P. J. Dawson, O.B.E. (Jersey, Channel Islands), Mr. Harry Farbey, Mr. C. Fincken (Mocatta Library), Mr. Asher Fishman, Mr. M. Garson, Mr. T. ?. Haunch, Mr. A. R. Hewitt, Mr. Julian Lee, Mr. Sol Marks, Mr. Eric Nabarro, Dr. Aubrey New? man, the late Dr. Oskar K. Rabinowicz, Mr. Louis Samuel, Mr. Sidney Silver, and Mr. Maurice Woolf. APPENDIX A Provisional List of Jewish Freemasons in England of the 18th and Early 19th Centuries By the Rev. MORRIS ROSENBAUM [Editor's Note: The following list of Jewish Free? masons of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was compiled many years ago by the Rev. Morris Rosenbaum, a scholar in Masonic history, in card index form. Much of his material had been dispersed, but these cards had been preserved for the Jewish Historical Society of England by the late Wilfred S. Samuel, a former President of the Society, and in recent times came to the notice of Dr. Richard Barnett, Chairman of the Publications Committee. He drew my attention to them, especially as I was engaged, independently of Mr. Rosenbaum, in similar research. It was agreed that the list would make a valuable addition, in a little known field, to Anglo-Jewish history, and it is therefore given?in effect as a kind of memorial to the late Mr. Rosenbaum?as an Appendix to my own paper on Jews in regular English Freemasonry, in which I also pay respectful regard to Mr. Rosenbaum's historical contributions to the subject. It should be noted that in transcribing card indexes for publication, the author usually has the opportunity to edit his work first, but here Mr. Rosenbaum unfortunately died without having been able to do so. This means that there are inevitably possible errors and repetitions, and certainly omissions (there are several names, for instance, in the accompanying paper which do not occur in the list, and others must await further publication). As regards the errors, spellings of names are not always in accord with other sources, especially communal, and spellings of meeting places and locations vary; they have been left as they are because there is little doubt that Rosen baum copied them as they appeared in the various documents he consulted. Repetition is seen, for example, in the four entries for 'Sequeira,' which I think all refer to the same man; there is confusion, again because of the original records, over the well known Sch?mberg family: Sch?mberg, Schomburg, and Shomberg?the two entries 'Sch?mberg' and 'Shomberg' refer to the same individual. Sometimes the same name appears in more than one entry because the man concerned joined or visited more than one lodge, and different spellings are due to the vagaries of secretaries; often one can only guess at the correct one. It would not be surprising if other cards by Rosenbaum are missing, as I have seen a single index card in his handwriting among a group of miscellaneous papers. A few names may be questioned as Jewish (Cooley and Costello, for example, are very likely Irish Christians, as there</page><page sequence="21">170 John M. Shaftesley was a big influx of Irishmen to England in that period), but Rosenbaum must have included them because they became members of a so-called 'Jewish' lodge, which would unhesitatingly accept men of another faith, in accordance with Masonic prin? ciples. One entry at least has been omitted, because of the unquestionable forename 'Christian'. A number of notes are appended in brackets to some names by Dr. Barnett, identifying them from communal records. Miss Margaret Kerr has com? piled the index of 'Lodges' and 'Occupations' which follows the list. The word 'Lodges' in this connection is not precise, because, while lodges were numbered for obvious administrative purposes, the use of'names' to identify them was, in the early days, usually confined to those of the taverns in which they met?which, for an Order justly rejoicing in its claim to be a system of morality and ethics, would hardly have justified a hostelry name such as the 'Old Devil' (in the list below) as a suitable title for the lodge itself!?J.M.S.] Key to Abbreviations (A) = The Antients, the rival Grand Lodge to the older Moderns, with whom they united in 1813. Lodges so marked belonged to the Antient (or [Duke of] Atholl) Grand Lodge. A.Q.C. = Ars Quatuor Coronatorum (Transactions of the research lodge, Quatuor Coronati). Gaster = Moses Gaster, History of the ancient syna? gogue of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews . . . Bevis Marks, London, 1901. G.L. = Grand Lodge. G.L.C. or G.L.Cert. = Grand Lodge Certificate. G.L.M. = Grand Lodge Minutes. G.L.R. = Grand Lodge Register. G.W. = Grand Warden. J.G.W. = Junior Grand Warden. J.W. = Junior Warden. Made = made into a Freemason. M.T.B.M.S. = Masonic Tear Book Historical Supple? ment (1964). P.G.D. = Past Grand Deacon. P.G.W. = Past Grand Warden. Picciotto = Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History, James Picciotto, London, 1875. (New edition, edited by Israel Finestein, London, 1956.) Prov. = Provincial. Q.C.A. = Quatuor Coronatorum Antig) tipha, essays on Masonic history, etc. S.G.D. = Senior Grand Deacon. S.W. = Senior Warden. (A number of other names are quoted by Rosen baum, includign Ebblewhite, Sadler's, Dunckerley, Osborne, Preggart, and Wonnacott; they are Masonic sources from whose writings or lists Rosenbaum drew a number of his names. His 'Shakespeare' Lodge should be 'Shakespear'*) AARON?251 Sugar Loaf, Great St. Helens, Stewards' Lodge?notes 5 guineas towards his funeral (A) AARON, Elias?145, mentioned 1766 and 1768 (A) AARON, Elias (b. 1750)?fishmonger, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1793 (G.L.R., 406) AARON, Moses?280 (now Israel 205), mentioned 1794 (A) AARON, Solomon?145 A. 1766 petitioned for relief 1779 (Atholl Reg. C &amp; E. Atholl ritual minutes) (A) AARONS, Joseph?visited Economy, Winchester 1805 (A.Q.C., I, 130); cf. Lyons Aarons and Moses Aarons. AARONS, Lewis?made in Hiram's 1796 (G.L.R., 476). AARONS, Lyons?visited Economy, Winchester 1805; cf. Joseph Aarons and Moses Aarons (A.Q.C., I, 130) [?L. Aarons, Warden of Great Synagogue 1827] AARONS, Moses?visited Economy, Winchester 1805; cf. Joseph Aarons and Lyons Aarons (A.Q.C. I, 130) ABB AD IE, Michael D'?Spain. Made in Jacob's Ladder 1794 (G.L.R.). See Dabade, Mr. ABITOBEL, Moses?merchant, Minories. Made in Moira 1815 (G.L.R., p. 202) ABRAHAM, Anton Firmin ABRAHAM, John?68, Portsmouth in 1761 (Atholl Reg. C &amp; E.) (A) ABRAHAM, Myer?doctor of physic, Hamburg. Made in Moira 1813 ABRAHAM, Solomon?Druids, Redruth, in 1770 ABRAHAMS, Abraham (b. 1772)?tailor, Green? wich, joined Fraternal 1793 ABRAHAMS, Abraham?145 in 1766. In Atholl Reg. G &amp; E is A.A. '2d', probably another man of same name. In 1771 A.A. is mentioned in Enoch Reg., F.27. In 1790 (A) ABRAHAMS, Abraham?Steward and Founder of Israel, 1794 (Reg. F.52). Relieved 1804. Payment to widow of ?5, 1813 (A) ABRAHAMS, Abraham (b. 1757)?victualler, Tooley Street. Made in Peace and Plenty, Horseleydown Lane, Tooley Street, 1800 (G.L.R., f.468) ABRAHAMS, Abraham?Fortitude in 1771; cf. with same name in Atholl 145 (A)</page><page sequence="22">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 171 ABRAHAMS, Barnet?Atholl Lodge 145 in 1769. Joined (Wonnacott) (A) ABRAHAMS, Barney?woollen draper, 11 St. Anne's Street, ? Fields. Made in Neptune 1831 (Golby's History) (A) ABRAHAMS, Baron?tallow chandler. Made in Caledonian 1790 (G.L.R., f.437) ABRAHAMS, Benjamin?made in Hiram's 1797 (G.L.R., f.476) ABRAHAMS, Daniel (b. 1776)?salesman, Rose? mary Lane. Made in Hiram's 1796 (G.L.R., f.476) ABRAHAMS, Emanuel?made in Oak 1790 (Reg., f.455)?cf Henry Abrahams (A) ABRAHAMS, Henry?same particulars as Emanuel; query same man? (A) ABRAHAMS, H. J. Jordon?visited Westminster and Keystone ABRAHAMS, Isaac?145 in 1766 (Atholl Reg. C and E.) (A) ABRAHAMS, Jacob?made in Hiram's 1800 (G.L.R., f.476) ABRAHAMS, Michael-made in Hiram's 1799 (G.L.R., f.476). M. Abrahams, JAY. of Hiram's, attended Lodge of Reconciliation once (A.Q.C., XXIII, 294) ABRAHAMS, Solomon?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1791. (G.L.R., f.437) ABRAMS, John?hatter, Gun Dock, Wapping, joined Strongman in 1783 (G.L.R. f.123) Man with same name and occupation, but of King Edward Stairs, Wapping, joined City Lodge at the Angel in 1772 and became J.W. in 1773 (G.L.R., 239 and 138) ADDISON, Mark?made in Hiram's 1805 (G.L.R. f.496) ADOLPH, J. E. T.?Entered Apprentice in Old King's Arms 1786 ADOLPHUS, Benjamin?(see Dolphus) ADOLPHUS, Benjamin?gentleman. Crown, Cripplegate, in 1731 (in Sadler's Dunckerley but not in G.L. List of 1731), 84 at Daniel's Coffee House in 1731. 'Benjamin Dolphus' (G.L.M., 188). Rose, Cheapside, in 1732 (Rawlinson's List) ADOLPHUS, Michael?Crown without Cripple gate in 1730 List {Q.C.A., X, 162) Swan and Rummer1 in 1731 (Sadler's Dunckerley, 105) ADOLPHUS, Simon?merchant, Jamaica Grand Master in 1809. Joined from Enoch (A) AGUILAR, Abraham?Esquire. Devonshire Street, Joined Royal Naval in 1786 (G.L.R., f.228). Wonnacott savs Entered Apprentice in Royal 1786. AGUILAR, Hon. Baron D'- (Ephraim Lopez Pereira D'Aguilar) (b. circa 1740), Broad Street Buildings. Made in Royal 1778 (G.L.R., f.227). Some discrepancy in dates given here and else? where. Disappears from Masonic records in 1794 [See Jewish Encyclopaedia and Picciotto's Sketches] AGUILAR, Benjamin D'? Esquire, merchant, 1 A large drinking glass.?0.E.D. New Broad Street Buildings. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1775 AGUILAR, D. (brother of'the Baron')?Somerset House Lodge. Joined Stewards in 1786. Died 1790, in 'St. Mary Axe' {A.Q.C., XXXI, 86 note) AGUILAR, David de (b. 1744)?made in United City 1784 (G.L.R.) AGUILAR, Emanuel (b. 1786)?gentleman, Devonshire Square. Made in Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 503) AGUILAR, James?merchant, Broad Street. Made in Nine Muses (G.L.R., 474) AGUILAR, Jos. D'?Esquire. Made in Royal Naval 1774 (G.L.R., 227) AGUILAR, Joseph de (b. 1763)?made in United City 1784. (G.L.R.) [Signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster 157)] AGUILAR, Solomon D'?Esquire, merchant, New Broad Street Buildings. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1775. 'Declined' 1776 ALEXANDER, Daniel?Entered in Lodge in King's Bench Prison, Southwark, in 1754 (A) ALEXANDER, Daniel (Asher) ?1786-1846. Architect, Weston Street, Southwark. Made at King's Arms, Punch House, Shad, Thames, in 1789. (G.L.R.. 262) [Friend of Flaxman and Chantry and Surveyor to Trinity House (see Architect, 30 July 1920)] ALEXANDER, Joseph (b. 1756)?dealer and chapman, Red Cross Street, Lower East Smith field. Admitted in Hiram's 1789 (G.L.R., 406) ALEXANDER, Samuel (b. 1766)?shoemaker, Chambers Street, Goodman's Fields. Made in Strong Man 1798 (G.L.R., 192 and 199?) ALEXANDER, Solomon?made in Hiram's 1799 (G.L.R., 476) ALMEIDA, D'?see Dalmeida ALMOSNINO, Solomon?merchant, Bevis Marks. Made in Moira 1815. (G.L.R., 202) ALVARES, Isaac? merchant. Sash and Cocoa Tree 1731 (Rawlinson's MS. List). Is this the same as Jacob A. (q.v.) of G.L.Cert? ALVARES, Jacob?Swan &amp; Rummer, Finch Lane and Daniel's Coffee House in Lombard Street {(I.C.A., X, 166, 168) ANCELL, William?Rowe Barge, Georges Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1757. Atholl Reg. C &amp; E (A) ANCELO (?Angelo), Joseas?Goat, at foot of the Haymarket 1731 (Q.C.A., X, 156) ANDERZUIF, Abraham (see Ardozuif) Broad Court, Bow Street, Covent Garden. Founder of Lodge at the Cannon, Water Lane, Fleet Street, 1751. 'Deemed unworthy of ye Society' (Register, Vol. IA) (A) ANDRADE, Benjamin (b. 1767)?gentleman. Made in Hiram's 1802 (G.L.R., 477) ANDRADE, Moses?featherdresser. Bevis Marks. Made in Moira, 1804 (G.L.R., 287) ANEYER, John (b. 1750)?physician, 6 Throg morton Street. Joined Jerusalem 1786.</page><page sequence="23">172 John M. Shaftesley ANGEL, Abraham?37 B. Place unknown, London. Joined 1772 (Reg. F. 177) (A) ANGELL, Abraham-(Three Tuns. St. Peters) 149. Norwich in 1767 (Atholl Reg. C &amp; E) (A) ANGELL, James?13 London in 1764. Probably not a Jew (Wonnacott) (Atholl Reg. D) (A) ANGELO, Henry?gentleman, Carlisle Street, Made in Somerset House Lodge 1790. Henry Angelo joined Stewards' Lodge 1801. ANGELO. Henry, jun. (b. 178))-(?) Bolton Row. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1801. President of Board of Grand Stewards 1802. ANODGER, Israel (b. 1758)?Lanquisher [sie], Artichoke Lane. Admitted in Hiram's 1781 (G.L.R., 405) ANSELL, Simon?Lion in Brewer Street (1725 List) and King's Arms in New Broad Street (1 730 List) ARDAZOIF, Abraham (see Anderzuif) AROBUS, Moses?Joined 8 in 1782 from 145 A. Later received relief (A) AROBUS, Solomon?Prince of Wales's Head, Rag Fair, in 1763 (Atholl Reg. 27A) (A) ARTOL?currier, Old Gravel Lane, Ratcliff High? way. Made in Hiram's 1796 (G.I.R., 476) ASCHER, P.?S.W. of Sincerity. Attended Reconciliation (A.Q.C., XXIII, 291) ASHER, Benjamin (b. 1764)- watchmaker. New ington, Surrey. Made in Hiram's 1787 (G.L.R., 405) ASHER, Joseph (b. 1770)?watchmaker, Jewry Street. Made in Hiram's 1791 (G.L.R., 406) ASHMEAD, Samuel?watchmaker. Broadway, Rotherhithe. Made in Hiram's 1796 (G.L.R., 476) ASPURNE, James?stationer, Walworth. Joined Hiram's 1794 (G.L.R., 476) AYCHBOURN, John Hermon?made in 6 B (now Enoch) 1771 (?tholl Reg. F. 27) (A) AZEVEDO, Moses Cohen D'?made in Moira 1819 (G.L.R., 203) AZULAY, Emanuel?Joined 37 B in 1763 (Atholl Reg. D) (A) BACHAYER, Michael?made in Old King's Arms, 1801 BALMAIN, David?made in Dundee Arms 1784 (G.L.R., 67) BALMAIN, William?surgeon, Botany Bay. Made in Caledonian 1802 (G.L.R., 470) BAMBERGER, Hirsch?made in Moira 1820 (G.L.R., 203) BAMBERGER, Louis (senior)?Senior P.M. of Highgate. Initiated 3 sons in Lodge (Freemason, 20.11.1909) BARBUT, Jacob?Rainbow Coffee House in York Buildings in 1730 List (Q.C.A., X, 183) BARCH, Joseph?merchant, Aldgate. Made in Moira 1818 (G.L.R., 203) BARDO?(senior)?(?Pardo, Brurdo, or William Pardoe) (?) Queen's Arms, Newgate Street, Grand Steward 1729 BARDO?(junior)?Grand Steward 1729 BARINK, Simon?ship's agent, Hart Street, Crutched Friars. Made in Dundee Arms 1813 (G.L.R., 551) BARNALL (Barnal, Bernal), Abraham?merchant. Member of Rose in Cheapside in 1731 (G.L.R., 181 : Rawlinson MS. List) (See also Bernal, Abraham) BARNARD, Philip (b. 1776)?wholesale draper, Ironmonger Lane. Made in Emulation 1808. Samuel Tarrent (same profession and address) was made in same lodge and on same date (G.L.R., 500) BARNETT?Lodge 18 in or after 1755 (A) BARNETT (b. 1754)? optician, Old Fish Street. Joined Sociable Lodge 1784. (G.L.R., 59) BARNETT?Treasurer of Lodge of Temperance. ?Landlord of Hostun Market. (Preggart, 34) (A) BARNETT?Joppa Lodge. Visited United Mari? ner's 1801 (A) BARNETT?Lodge of Judah. Visited Kent Lodge 1802-1804 (A) ' BARNETT?Made in United Mariner's 1806 (A) BARNETT, Abraham (b. 1733)?chapman. Northumberland Alley, admitted Hiram's 1786 (G.L.R., 405) BARNETT, Andrew (b. 1733)?musician. Tyler Street, Carnaby Market. Made in Hiram's 1797 (G.L.R., 476) BARNETT, Barron Lewis?P.G.D. (J) 1887 BARNETT, Charles. Esquire?made in Somerset House Lodge 1785 (Wonnacott). Admitted Lodge of Friendship 1792 (G.L.R., 30) BARNETT, Emanuel?St. David's, Bear's Paw 1756?61 (Wonnacott), Lodge No. 12 1758?61 (Atholl Reg. B) (A) BARNETT, Isaac?(?) made in St. George and Corner Stone 1793 (A) BARNETT, John?shoemaker, Albemarle Row, King's Head, Marylebone Street, 1759. Probably another John Barnett in Atholl Lodge No. 37 in 1757 (A) BARNETT, L.?Judah Lodge. Visited United Mariner's 1800. Lewis Barnett was present at Domatic Lodge in 1785, as were Samuel Levy and John Murphy of Judah (A) BARNETT, Richard?United City about 1786 BARNETT, Richard?linen draper, Minories. Joined Strong Man 1783 (G.L.R., 239) BARNETT, Richard (? same as last-named) ? Minories. Elected Steward but did not serve. ?Joined Grand Stewards' Lodge in 1796 BARNETT, Robert?victualler. Red Corn, Minories. Member of No. 20, 1755 (A.Q.C., XXXII, 130). Wonnacott has long record but probably not a Jew (A) BARNETT, Samuel?Lodge at Coal Hole, Fountain Court, Strand (G.L.R., 81) BARRET, Isaac?Lodge at Gun Tavern, Jermyn Street (AQC., VIII, 197) Grand Steward, 1738 (Q.C.A., X, 302)</page><page sequence="24">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 173 BARRETT?Lodge of'Judah. Visited Temperance 1806 (A) BARRETT, Benjamin?Horse Shoe and Last, 1759-1760 (Atholl Reg. B.200) (A) BARROW, Jacob (b. 1755)?made in United City 1785 (G.L.R., 110) BARS, Samuel (b. 1748)?penmaker, Cornhill. Admitted to Lodge of ( ?Ortez) 1788 BARUCH, Isaac?Daniel's Coffee House in Lombard Street in 1730 list (O.C.A., X, 188) BARUCH, Samuel S.?merchant, Devonshire Street. Made in Old King's Arms 1807 (Wonna? cott) BARUCH, Simon (b.1767), Esquire?Bunnin, Germany. Made in Hiram's 1792 (G.L.R., 406) BARUCH-LOUSADA (or Baruh Lousada or Baruck, E. [?Emanuel])?member of Royal 1784 [ ?Sarne as E. B. Lousada, of Somerset House Lodge 1799, and Emanuel Baruh, of Prince of Wales] BARUCH-LOUSADA, Isaac?Antiquity. Candi? date for St. James's Chapter 1820 BARUH, Daniel?made in Hiram's (G.L.R., 476) BARUH, Samuel?Percy Street. Joined Prince of Wales 1791 (/l.?.C, XXXI, 109). See also E. Baruch-Lousada, of Royal 1792, and E. B. Lousada, of Somerset House Lodge 1779 BASS, Samuel?auctioneer, Paternoster Row. Ad? mitted to Lodge of Ortez 1775 (G.L.R.). Deputy Grand Master of G.L. South of Trent 1779. BAUMHAUER, W illiam Jacob?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1782 (G.L.R., 235) BECHTEL, John Abraham?merchant, aged 29. Made in Godolphin, Scilly Islands (Wonnacott) BECKMAN, Jacob Borres?gentleman, Mansell (1808), Little Queen Street (1810). Joined Dundee Arms 1808 (G.L.R., 548) BEDFORD, Michael?tailor. Lothbury. Made in Caledonian 1797 (G.L.R., 438) BEHRENS, Solomon L.?merchant, Winchester House, in Moira 1813 (G.L.R., 201) BELINFANTE, S. (b. 1756) - gentleman, Amster? dam. Made in United City (G.L.R., 110) BEL1SARIO, A. M.Minories. Joined Moira 1802 from Hiram's BEL I SARI O, Aaron Mendes (b. 1766)?merchant, Minories. Made in Hiram's 1801 (G.L.R., 477) BELISARIO, David?gentleman, Jamaica. Joined Moira 1812 (G.L.R., 201) BELISARIO, Moses?third Provincial Grand Master of Jamaica (Sadler: Reprints 86) (A) BELISARIO, Solomon?merchant, Minories, Joined Moira 1806 (G.L.R., 503) BELISARIO, Solomon Mendes (b. 1761) ? gentleman. St. Mary Axe. Made in United City 1786 [Note references in Caster: Aaron Mendes B., Rabbi in 1716 (150 and 153); Isaac Mendes B., schoolmaster preacher 1760 (150); I.M.B, signed Ascamoth in 1784 (151)] BENDELACK, Moses?signed by-laws of United City. [A Joseph B. signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156) Joseph Abendaleck (siel) is in list of'Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 148)] BENHAMER, Abraham?merchant, Hounds ditch. Made in Moira 1815 (G.L.R., 202) BENJAFIELD, L, Esquire?Parliament Street. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1780 (G.L.R.) BENJAMIN, Abraham (b. 1737)?druggist, Brokers Gardens. Admitted in Hiram's 1786 (G.L.R., 405) BENJAMIN, Abraham?21 Globe, Fleet Street. Made in Cordiality (G.L.R., 35) BENJAMIN, Abraham?Joppa. Visited United Mariners in 1828 9 (Wonnacott) BENJAMIN, Asher?(see Asher, Benjamin?). Attended Reconciliation as Master of Joppa. BENJAMIN, Benjamin?made in Hiram's 1799 (G.L.R., 476) BENJAMIN, Int. ( ?) John (b. 1790)?gentleman, Lime Street Square. Made in Caledonian 1811 (G.L.R., 539). See Benjamin, Nathaniel BENJAMIN, Isaac?jeweller, Falmouth. Joined Love and Honour 1755. 'Obliged to resign on account of his increasing deafness'; made Hon? orary Member 'for his long and diligent services' 1787 BENJAMIN, John (b. 1770)--master mariner. Made in Royal Naval 1802 (G.L.R., 579) BENJAMIN, Moses?watchmaker. Spinner and Humber, Great Grimsby 1811 (A) BENJAMIN, MOSES?No. 145 A, 1766 (Atholl Reg. C and E) (A) BENJAMIN, Nathaniel (b. 1786)?gentleman, Lime Street Square. Made in Caledonian 1809 (G.L.R., 539). See Benjamin, Int. (?) John BENJAMIN, Richard?Castle and Faulkon in Chester 1725 List (Q.C.A., X, 39) BENJAMIN, Wolf? made Entered Apprentice and Fellow Craft in Love and Honour, Falmouth, on same night 1786 BENNETT, Benjamin?Swan Tavern, Fish Street Hill 1723 List. 'Mr.' Bennett 1725 List (H.C.A., X, 10 and 28j BENNETT, David?George, Piccadilly 1753. Star and Garter, Panton Street 1754 (A) BENNETT, John?No. 35 A, King's Bench Prison, Southwark 1754 (A) BENNETT, John No. 54 A, St. David's at Bear's Paw, 1756; Cross Keys 1757 and after. There are two references??were there two men (A) BENNETT, Joseph ? made at White Hart, Bow, (63 A) in 1757 (A) BENQUIS, Joseph (b. 1715)- orris2 weaver. Wheeler Street. Admitted in Hiram's 1781 (G.L.R., 405) BENQUIS, Solomon?orris2 weaver. Noted in Hiram's in 1781 as 'Withdrawn' BENZAQUEEN (Benzaken), Jacob?merchant, Manscl Street. Made in Moira 1816 (G.L.R., 202) 2 Embroidery made of gold and silver lace O.E.D.</page><page sequence="25">174 John M. Shaftesley BERG, Francis?toyman. Admitted to Antiquity 1782 BERG, Francis?trimming maker, Church Street, Soho. Made in Old King's Arms 1782 (Wonna cott) BERKEMEYER, Bernard Philip?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1787 (G.L.R., 236) BERNAL, Abraham?Lodge at Bricklayers' Arms in Barbican, now removed to Rose in Cheapside in 1730 Alist(Q..C.A, X, 181). (See also Barnall, Abraham.) Note Daniel Devalle as Master in this List. Abm. Cortessos, David Papillion, and Laurence L'Espinas are also Members [A.B. subscribed ?\0 to New Buildings of Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in 1700 (Gaster, 73)] BESTHELOTT, Elie?Solomon's Temple, Hem mings Row in 1725 List. {Q.C.A., X, 42) [A French Lodge of which Desaguliers was Master and Isaac Thuset and Israel Segal as members] BEYFUS, G. P.?attended Reconciliation as S.W. pro temp, of Lodge of Israel BIELT, Isaac?Warden of Lodge at Black Posts in Great Wild Street (Q.C.A., X, 40) BILISARIO, Aaron M.?gentleman, Great Prescot Street, paid 1815-1820, then 'Withdrawn'(G.L.R. 202) BLANCH, Nathan?bookkeeper, Antiquity in 1721 List. Gave old iewels still in use. A.Q.C., XXVI, 207, 210. Alsom 1730 of St. Paul's Head, Ludgate Street BLOOMFIELD, Samuel?Phoenix in 1786 (A) BLUMENTHAL, J. H. (b. 1746)-merchant, made in Emulation 1772 (G.L.R., 283) BORROW, Simon (b. 1786)?made in Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 503). See also Baruh BOSS, Jacob-Joined Felicity 1810 (G.L.R., 534) BRANDON, Aaron?signed By-Laws of United City but name does not appear in G.L.R., about 1784 or 1785 [Name in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster 147)] BRANDON, David (b. 1754)-made in United City 1784 [Name in signatures to Ascamoth 1784 (Gaster 157)] BRANDON, David (b. 1762)?gentleman, London Street. Admitted in Hiram's 1802 (G.L.R., 477) BRANDON, David Israel (b. 1758)? -merchant, St. Mary Axe. Made in United City 1786, where name is BRANDEN [Signed Ascamoth 1784 and presented Sepher 1803 (Gaster 157, 124)] BRANDON, Jacob Da Fonseca (b. 1771)? merchant, Prescott Street. Made in Hiram's 1802 (G.L.R., 477) BRANDON, James?made in Emulation 1778 (G.L.R., 432) BRANDON, Joseph (b. 1776)? grocer, Norton Folgate. Made in Hiram's 1801 (G.L.R., 477) BRAVO, Jacob?merchant, Devonshire Square. Made in Moira 1813. (G.L.R., 201) BRAVO, Joseph Gutteres?merchant, Devonshire Square. Made in Moira 1815 (G.L.R., 202) BRAVO, Moses?made in Hiram's 1803 (G.L.R., 479) BRAVO, Moses?gentleman, Devonshire Square. Joined Moira 1804 (G.L.R., 287). See above. BRAVO, Moses?J.G.W. Jamaica 1817 BREARLY, James (b. 1733)? watchmaker, Rosa? mund Street. Joined Hiram's 1787 (G.L.R., 405) BRUILS, Michael di?Joined No. 67 Halifax. Nova Scotia, 1757. (Atholl Reg. C and E) (A) BURG, Ishmael?petition for relief read in Roval Lodge 1793 {A.Q.C, XXXI, 113) BURGERACKE, Emanuel?made in Caledonian 1789 (G.L.R., 437) BUSH, Samuel?Queen's Head, Bath, in 1725 List (Q.C.A., X, 37) BUSHELL, Isaac?Oueen's Arms, Newgate Street, in 1730 List (Q.C.?., X, 158) BUSHELL, Thomas?made in Hiram's 1805 (G.L.R., 496) CAHAIS, Solomon?weaver. Joined Economy at Salutation and Cat. Newgate Street 1764. CAHIS, Abraham, jun.?goldsmith. Made in Dillon, The Vine, High Holborn, 1766 CAHIS, Abraham, sen.?same entry in all respects CAHIS, Samuel D.?merchant, Frankfort on Main. Made in Moira 1813 (G.L.R., 201) CARDOZA?see also Cordoza CARDOZA, Jo. H. (b. 1756)?Entered in Hiram's about 1781, 'gone to Gibraltar'. Next name in G.L.R. is exactly the same, with following '25' shoemaker, Petticoat: adm. 1781 (G.L.R., 405) CARDOZA, Samuel Nunes?No. 8, paid 1761 (Atholl Reg. B) (A) CARDOZA (Cardorso), Samuel (Cardozo, Samuel Nunes) (Wonnacott)?Hiram, 3 Swans, Minor? ies, Medal given him 1801. Moira 1815 CARDOZO, Daniel?merchant, Calcutta. Moira in 1823 (no payment) (G.L.R., 214) CARDOZO, Samuel?gentleman, Cambridge Heath. Joined Moira 1807. (See below) CARDOZO, Samuel?made in Hiram's 1799 CARVALLO, Samuel Nunes?payments 1757-8. See Lodge 8 (Atholl Reg. B, Vol. II) (A) CASSEL, David (b. 1776)?merchant, Frankfort. Made in Emulation 1801 (G.L.R., 436) CASTELLO?(b. 1773)-merchant, London. Joined or was made in Royal Naval 1805. CASTELLO, Moses Nunes?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1787 (G.L.R., 236) CASTRO, D. I. de?Bevis Marks. Joined Moira 1803 (G.L.R., 281) CASTRO, Daniel de (b. 1754)? surgeon, Mansel Street. Made 1776. Joined United City 1781 [D. da C. signed Ascamoth 1784 (Gaster, 156)] CASTRO, Hananel?merchant, Fenchurch Street. Made in Moira 1815 (G.L.R., 202) CASTRO, M. de?signed By-Laws of United City but name not in G.L.R., about 1786. [Relative of Templo and said to have possessed latter's model of the Temple] CASTRO, Solomon de (b. 1761)? merchant. Made in United City 1782</page><page sequence="26">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 175 CAVALHO, Josh?master mariner. Joined Royal Naval 1807 (G.L.R., 590) CERF, Henry?made in United City 1786 or 1785 CERF, John (b. 1746)?surgeon, Bailey's Place, Tower Hill. Admitted in Hiram's (G.L.R., 405) CERTON, Henry Gabriel?gentleman, Rotter? dam. Made in Caledonian 1796 (G.L.R., 438) CHAPMAN, John?In No. 15 B, first at King's Head, Marylebone Street, and then at Thistle and Crown, Swallow Street, 1754-60 (Atholl Reg. A) (A) CHAPMAN, Samuel?Greyhound in Fleet Street, in 1723 List (Q.C.A., X, 8) CHARMES, Simon De?Grand Steward 1737 (Q.C.A.,X, 287) CHAUMETTE, Isaac De?Freemasons' Coffee House, New Belton Street (Q.C.A., X, 43) (Was Louis Dupre in this Lodge a Jew? There was a James Dupree (q.v.) in United City before October 1768] CHAUVELT, Mr. -MitreTavern, Covent Garden, in 1725 List {Q.C.A., X, 43) [See Abraham Chovett?Note] CHILDREN, George?Made in Hiram's 1805 (G.L.R., 477) CHITTY, Isaac?Dolphin in Tower Street (Q.C.A. X, 16) CHUMASERO, Isaac Mendes?gentleman, Whitechapel. Made in Caledonian 1796 (G.L.R., 438) COEN?Industry. Visited Temperance in 1803 (G.L.R., 129) COHEN, Andrew?merchant, Mansel Street. Made in Moira 1814 (G.L.R., 202). See Joseph, Simeon COHEN, Andrew Levi?made in Castle Lodge of Harmony 1782 COHEN, Barnard?artist, Joppa. Visited Kent, No. 15 1803 and 1804 (A)' COHEN, Benjamin?merchant. Made in Moira 1812 (G.L.R., 201). See Montefiore, Moses COHEN, David Benjamin?merchant, Tabernacle Walk, Moorfields. Made in Caledonian 1802 (G.L.R., 470) COHEN, Edward?gentleman, New Square. Joined Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 503). See Cohen, Judah, and Cohen, Godfrey A. Same description and address; joined same day. COHEN, Emanuel?merchant, Broad Street. Made in Moira 1812 (G.L.R., 202) COHEN, Godfrey A.?Gentleman, New Square. Made in Hiram's, joined Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 503) COHEN, Godfrey Alexander (b. 1783)? gentle? man, Mansell Street. Made in Hiram's 1805 (G.L.R., 496). Joined Moira 1807 COHEN, Henry (b. 1765)?dealer and chapman. Cambridge. Made in Hiram's 1793 (G.L.R., 406) COHEN, Hyman?merchant. Joined Caledonian 1786. Union, Jamaica 1796. Prov. J.G.W. Jamaica 1796 COHEN, Isaac?merchant. Angel Court. Made in Moira 1812 (G.L.R., 201). See Montefiore, Moses COHEN, Isaac?Hastings. Lodge of Harmony, Hastings 1817 COHEN, Jacob (b. 1761)?jeweller. Whitechapel Road. Joined Castle 1809 (G.L.R., 533) COHEN, Jacob Hewit (b. 1761)?mariner. Made in Fortitude, East Smithfield 1791 (G.L.R., 411) COHEN, Judah?made in Hiram's 1805. Joined Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 496) COHEN, Judah?gentleman, New Square. Joined Moira 1807 (G.L.R., 503) [Same name as Warden of Great Synagogue 1813] COHEN, Lewis?merchant, Barbados. Made in Dundee Arms 1789 (G.L.R., 70) [Lewis Cohen signed Ascamoth 1784 (Gaster, 157)] COHEN, Lyon (b. 1767)?slopseller, East Smith field. Made in Royal Naval 1802 (G.L.R., 579) Same name joined Strong Man 1804 (G.L.R., 200) COHEN, P.?member of or visitor to Ship Lodge, St. Ives, Cornwall. Thanked for present of wax candles 1767 (Osborne 6, 8) COHEN, Mestrod (b. 1748)? Made in Hiram's 1783 (G.L.R., 405) COHEN, Philip?Lodge of Israel 1793 (A) COHEN, Philip, jun. (b. 1767)?Merchant, St. Mary Axe, Made in Hiram's 1794 (G.L.R., 406) COHEN, Phillip (b. 1759)?glass seller, Petticoat Lane, admitted in Hiram's 1786 (G.L.R., 405) COHEN, Samuel?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1784 (G.L.R., 235) COLEMAN, Danl?shoemaker, No. 30, 1753 (A) COLEMAN, Mar?Tom's Coffee House, Clare Market in 1725 List (Q.C.A., X, 35) COLLINS, Joseph?Mitre at Reading in 1725 List {Q.C.A., X, 43) COLLINS, Nathaniel?Bull, Westminster in 1723 List (Q.C.A., X, 18) CONTON(?), Samuel?signed By-Laws of United City about 1787 COOLEY, Daniel (b. 1767)?apothecary. Made in Hiram's 1789 (G.L.R., 405) COOPMAN, Isaac (b. 1774)?Made in Hiram's 1774 (G.L.R., 477) COPEMAN, Louis?made in Hiram's (G.L.R., 496) CORCOS(?) [Carcass], Isaac?Lodge No. 8, 1763 (Atholl Reg. D) (A) CORDOZA?see also Cardoza CORDOZA?Lodge No. 27, 1764 (Atholl Reg. D) (A) CORDOZA, Jacob H. (B. c. 1755)?tobacconist, Petticoat Lane, Hiram's (G.L.R., 405) CORDOZA, Mos. H.?hairdresser, Shoemaker Row. Hiram's 1781 (G.L.R., 405) CORTISSOS, Abraham?Lodge at Bricklayer's Arms, Barbican, and then at The Rose, Cheap side, in 1730 List (Q.C.A., X, 181). [Joseph de Abraham Cortisos was one of the Yehidim in 1764 (Gaster, 148)]</page><page sequence="27">176 John M. Shqftesley CORTISSOS, Abraham Haim? made in Hiram's 1803 (G.L.R., 477) CORTISSOZ (or Cordissoz), Emanuel?No. 8, 1761, No. 92 Charlestown, South Carolina, 1761. (Atholl Reg. C and E) (Evidently introduced Freemasonry into South Carolina) (A) COSSART, J. I.?gentleman, Clements Lane. Joined Stewards' Lodge between 1789 and 1797 (G.L.R., 88) COSTA, Abraham da?No. 8 (Atholl Reg. B) COSTA, Abraham da (b. 1752)?merchant, Bevis Marks. Joined Hiram's 1794 (G.L.R., 476) (A) COSTA or CUNHA, Abraham Mendes Da (b. 1774)?gentleman, Moorfields. Made in Hiram's 1802 (G.L.R., 477) COSTA, Benjamin da?Steward for Festival (Q.C.A., X, 273) COSTA, Benjamin Mendes Da (b. 1763)?Made in United City 1784. COSTA, Daniel Mendez Da ??Absolom Lodge, Holland. Visited Antiquity and joined same day 1777 (A.Q.C., XXV, 213) COSTA, Ha. Joseph Da?New Inn. Admitted in Ortez 1808. [Hippolyto Joseph de Costa was P.G.M. for Rutland 1813, Grand Scribe E. for foreign correspondence 1823?M.T.B.H.S.] COSTA, Hananel Da?Merchant. Made in Moira 1818 (G.L.R., 203) COSTA, Isaac Da?No. 92, Charleston, South Carolina, 1761 (Atholl Reg. C and E) (A) COSTA, Isaac Mendez Da?merchant, London. Lodge L'Esperance 1821 (G.L.R. 203) COSTA, J. M. Da, jun.?City Road, Joined Moira 1802. (G.L.R., 281) COSTA, J. Mendes (de)?merchant, Barbados. Made in Moira 1823 COSTA, Jacob Da (b. 1760)?merchant, America Square. Made in United City 1782 (Is he same as James Da Costa below?) COSTA, Jacob Da?Bury Street. Made in Hiram's 1802, joined Moira 1803 (G.L.R., 281, 477) COSTA, Jacob M. Da?merchant, Union Square. Made in Hiram's COSTA (?), James Da (b. 1760)?gentleman, Jamaica. Made in United City (?) 1782 COSTA, John Mendez Da?merchant. Made in United City 1776 COSTA, Joshua Mendes Da, jun. (b. 1776)? merchant, City Road. Made in Hiram's 1801 (G.L.R., 477) COSTA, Moses Gomez Da?gentleman. Proposed as Joining Member in Royal Naval by (Joshua) Montefiore 1796 COSTA, Moses LindoDa?merchant, Bury Court. Made in Moira 1812 (G.L.R., 201) COSTA, Moses Mendes da (b. 1780)?merchant, Bridgetown, Barbados. Made in Moira 1803 (G.L.R., 281) COSTA, Noah Da?No. 27, 1764 (Atholl Reg. D.) (A) COSTA, Philip Mendes da?Swan and Rummer in Finch Street in 1730 List {Q.C.A., X, 166) COSTA, Solomon G. D'?merchant, b. 1773. Made in Sociable Lodge 1800 (G.L.R., 60) COSTE, Isaac la, jun.?merchant, Old Broad Street. Constitutional Lodge and Lodge of Antiquity (1768) COSTE, Joseph de la, of Holland?Honorary Member of Antiquity 1776, which he joined later (A.Q.C., XXV. 213) COSTE, P. B. de la-Caledonian 1771 (A.Q.C., XXV, 201) COSTELLO, Jas.?baker, Crown, Green Street, No. 19 1753 (Atholl Reg. A. No. 445) (A) COURLAND, Elias Jacob (b. 1739)?dealer, Little Minories 1786. Made in Hiram's 1786 (G.L.R., 403) COERLANDER or COURLANDER, Juda Jacob ?No. 6 B 1771. Wonnacott adds joined 1769 (Atholl Reg. F. 27) (A) COURTEVILLE, Raphael?George at Charing Cross in 1723 List {Q.C.A., X, 15) COWAN, Alexander?Devonport. Founder and first J.W. of Concord at Plymouth Dock 1784 (Warrant Book) COWEN, Alexander?peruke maker, No. 320 at Star and Garter, St. Martin's Lane 1753 (Atholl Reg. A) (A) COWEN, William?Entered in No. 12, 1752 (Atholl Reg. A) (A) CRUSE, Gabriel de la?No. 115 at Marseilles, 1763 (Atholl Reg. C and E) (A) CRUSE, James de la?Old Devil at Temple Bar in 1723 List {Q.C.A., X, 20) CUNHA?see Costa, Abraham Mendes Da CURRY, Moses (b. 1765)?bead merchant, Moor fields. Made in Hiram's 1802 (G.L.R., 477) [?Relative of Elias Curry, d. 1792. (Picciotto 206-8)] DABADE (probably D'Abbadie)?Dick's Coffee House near Church in the Strand in 1723 List (Q.C.A., X, 18) DABBADIE, Joseph Daniel?agent. Made in Caledonian 1786 (G.L.R., 235) D'ABBADIE, Michael?'Spain'. Made in United Trader's 1797 (G.L.R., 32) DAIES, Barew [sic]?See Davids, Baro (A) D'ALMEIDA, Joseph?wine merchant. Joined Shakespeare Lodge 1767 (G.L.R., 181). Same name, member of Royal Lodge 1778 [J.D'A. was one of chief brokers in Stock between 1750 and 1788] D'ALMEIDA, Joseph?Caledonian Lodge in 1783 or 1784 (G.L.R., 235) DALMEIDA, P. T.?Royal Lodge, which thanked him for his services 1785. Father of William D. DALMEIDA,William, Esquire?Gloucester Street, Royal Lodge 1778. Son of P.T.D. DALVALLE, Daniel?Three Kings in Spittle Fields in 1730 List (Q.C.A., X, 165) DAMOUCHEL, David?Steward 1739 (Q.C.A., X, 316)</page><page sequence="28">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 177 DANIEL, David?No. 128, 1786 (Atholl Reg. F. 265) (A) DANIEL, Robert?No. 145, 1768 (Atholl Reg. F. 279) DANIELS, Joseph Elkan?merchant, Leadenhall Street. Made in Caledonian 1796 (G.L.R., 438) DANIELS, Moses (b. 1760)?dealer, Rochford, Essex. Made in Hiram's 1792 (G.L.R., 406) DANZIGER, Moses Samuel (b. 1775)?merchant, Dantzig. Made in 1805 (G.L.R., 485) DAVID?appointed Master in place of expected brother 1723. (Q.C.A., X, 54) DAVID, Abraham (b. 1756)?agent, London. Made in Peace and Harmony 1786 (G.L.R., 112) DAVID, Henry (b. 1761)?jeweller, Lombard Street. Made in Prudence 1786. (G.L.R., 121) DAVID, Isaac?No. 32, 1756 (Atholl Reg. B) (A) DAVID, Jonas?Union, Portsea, 1811 DAVIDS or DAVID?Secretary of St. George de l'Observance, London, 1777 and 1778 DAVIDS, Baro [sic]? No. 145, 1767 (Atholl Reg. C and E. He had petitioned for a Modern Lodge No. 246 in 1759) (A) DAVIES, David?haberdasher and fustian dealer. White Hart Yard. Bear and Rummer 1753 DAVIS, DAVIDS, DAVIES -see several names in Wonnacott's List. DAVIS, Angeli (b. 1774)?jeweller, Castle Street, Whitechapel. Made in Castle Lodge 1812 DAVIS, Benjamin?linen draper, Albion Street, Blackfriars Road. Made in Old King's Arms 1791 DAVIS, Benjamin R.?Tuscan Lodge 1823 DAVIS, Daniel?Ark Lodge at Turk's Head 1768 DAVIS, David?publican. Joined Grenadier's Lodge 1769. (G.L.R., 115) ' DAVIS, David- Phoenix 1791 DAVIS, Elias John (b. 1783)?merchant. Glouces? ter. Made in Royal Naval 1808 (G.L.R., 593) DAVIS, Isaac (b. 1775)?agent, Portsmouth. Made in Peace and Harmony 1785 (G.L.R., 112) DAVIS, Michael (b. 1748)?dealer and chapman, Wenferd Street. Admitted to Hiram's (G.L.R., 405) DAVIS, Moses?music master. Made in Caledon? ian 1785 (G.L.R., 235) DAVIS, Nathaniel (b. 1758)?vintner, St. James' Street. Made in British Lodge 1785 (G.L.R., 8) DAVIS, Samuel-No. 68, Portsmouth. Excluded 1761 (Atholl Reg C and E) (A) DAVIS, Samuel?made in No. 136, 1767 (A) DAVIS, Thomas No. 145, 1768 (Atholl Reg. F) (A) DAVISON, Bernard?upholder, Mercer Street, Made in Fortitude 1777 (G.L.R., 14) DAVISON, Meyer (b. 1783) ?gentleman. Little Alie Street. Made in Hiram's 1805 (G.L.R., 496) DEE, Abraham (b. 1775)?hatter, Strand. Made in Caledonian 1808 DELAVALL, Jeremiah?In 1725 List at Three Compasses, Silver Street (Q.C.A., X, 24) DELAVERNIER, Moses?No. 66 (No. 2 of Nova Scotia held at Halifax) 1757 (A) DELAVILLE, George Blake?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1789 DELGADO, Moses?Prov.S.G.D., Jamaica 1817 DELUZE, Benjamin?The Dolphin, Tower Street in 1723 List (Q.C.A., X, 16) DEL VALLE?Visited Royal Lodge 1779. See Valle, Lazarus DELVALLE (Dalvalle, Devalle), Daniel- 'an eminent Jew Snuff Merchant.' In 1731 List at Sash and Cocoa Tree (Q.C.A., X, 165) DELVALLE (Delvalla), Isaac?gentleman, Feath erstone Street. Lodge of Antiquity 1775. [An Isaac Rodriquez do Valle in list of Yehidim (Gaster, 147)] DELVALLE, Joseph?Featherstone Street. Made in Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell 1780 DEVALL, John?In 1730 List at Ship on Fish Street Hill (Q.C.A., X, 34) DEVALLE, Abraham?made in Shakespeare 1772 DEVALLE, Daniel?in 1730 List, Master at Bricklayers' Arms, now removed to the Rose {Q.C.A., X, 180) DEVALLE, Daniel?In 1730 List at Oxford Arms (Q.C.A., X, 191) DEMERE?in 1730 List at Prince Eugene's Head Coffee House (Q.C.A., X, 193) DEMEZA, Isaac?in 1730 List. Ship, behind the Royal Exchange (Q.C.A., X, 149) DENOA, Samuel?No 145, 1768 (A) DESPAIGNOL, Samuel?in 1730 List, Mount Coffee House, Grosvenor Street (QC..4., X, 171) DIAS- coal merchant, The Windmill, Rosemary Lane. ?Made 1767 DIAS, Abraham?coal merchant, joined United City probably in 1775 [Abraham de Isaac Dias in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 146)] DIAS, Dan (b. 1759)?made in United City 1785 DIAS, Daniel?apothecary, Mitre Square, Aldgate. Admitted in Hiram's 1786 DIAS, Daniel (b. 1765)-gentleman, Aldgate. Admitted in Hiram's 1802 DIAS, Francis (b. 1786)?merchant, Buenos Ayres. Made in Royal Naval 1808 DIAS (Dyas), Isaac (b. 1784)? surgeon, Mitre Court, Aldgate. Made in Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell 1810 DIAS, Jacob?in 1730 List at Swan and Rummer in Finch Street (Q.C.A., X, 166) [Jacob de Isaac Dyas in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 147)] DIAS, Richard?made in Moira 1797 DIAZ (Dias), Jacob?in 1731 List at Swan and Rummer, Finch Lane (Q.C.A., X, 166) DINNA, Isaac?No. 145, 1766 (A) DIOSE, James?in 1723 List at Dolphin, Tower Street (Q.C.A., X, 16) DISPIGNAL, Samuel?in 1730 List. Cross Keys in Henrietta Street (Q.C.A., X, 169) DISRA(E)L, John?weaver, Ship and Anchor, Spittlefields, ?circa 1752 DISRAELI?see Israeli</page><page sequence="29">178 John M. Shaftesley DOCURA, Gamaliel (b. 1768)?gentleman, Bas ingbourn, Cambridge. Made in British Social Lodge, 1802 DOLPHUS, Benjamin?in 1730 List at Daniel's Coffee House (Q.C.A., X, 188) DOVE, Benjamin?in 1723 List at Ben's Coffee House, New Bond Street (Q.C.A., X, 14) DOVE, Benjamin?No. 354, 1753 (A) DOVE, Isaac?No. 51. 1756 (A) DOVE, Michael?painter and glazier, Nightingale Lane. Made in Hiram's 1796 DUPLESSIS, John Simon?accompanist, 45 Burr Street. Joined Felicity 1812 DUPREE, James?shoemaker, United City before 1768. See Chaumette ECVER (Ewer?), Henry (b. 1761)? Made in United City 1785 EGER, Levin- merchant, Hamburgh, Made in Caledonian 1801. ['Levin' is family name of R. Akiba Eger's family] ELKIN, Mozely?merchant, Barbados. Made in Moira 1821 ELKIN, Solomon (b. 1748)?merchant, New Square, Minories. Made in United City 1786 ELLIS, Benjamin?attended Reconciliation as J.W. of St. Luke's ELLIS, Elisha?made in Strong Man 1778 ELLIS, John (b. 1749)?tobacconist, Clerkenwell Close. Made in Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell 1792 ELLIS, Nathaniel (b. 1779)?gentleman, Wal brook Place, Hoxton. Made in British Social 1810 EMANUEL, Solomon (b. 1766)?tailor, John Court, New Street, VVhitechapel. Made in Strong Man 1790 EMMANUEL, Lazarus (b. 1762)?schoolmaster, Little Minories. Made in Hiram's 1802 ERGAS, Ralph?gentleman, 22 Prescot Street, Antiquity 1776 ESPINOSA or Espinoza, Moses?Hiram's 1782 EZEKIEL, Moses?made in Hiram's 1799. [Ezekiel Abraham Ezekiel (1757-1806) was an English engraver and his son Solomon (1781 1867) wrote a series of lectures] FALK, Liebman?made in Moira 1812 FERNANDEZ, Daniel Dias?gentleman, Russell Square. Made in Moira 1810 FERNANDEZ, David Dias?gentleman, Devon? shire Square. Made in Moira 1806 FERNANDEZ, David Smith?Lambeth. Joined Shakespeare Lodge 1804 FFRANKE, Ffra: in 1725 List at Maid's Head Norwich [Q.C.A., X, 37) FIEF, James?Lodge 8 (A) FIERMAN, Trunis [sic]?made in Hiram's 1805 FILLUS, Menchem?made in Hiram's 1783 FISH (or Fysh), Benjamin (b. 1771)?woollen manufacturer, Lynn, Norfolk. Made in Bank of England Lodge 1794 FISH, Reuben (b. 1732)?gentleman, White chapel. Made in Royal Naval 1807 FISHER, Dr. Abraham?Joined Shakespeare Lodge 1777 FISHER, David?No. 4, 1759 (A) FOISEAU, Abraham?in 1730 List at Goat at the Foot of the Haymarket {Q.C.A., X, 156) FONSEAU, Isaac (perhaps Fonseca)?in 1730 List at King's Arms on Ludgate Hill (Q.C.A., X, 191) FONSECA?see also Brandon, Jacob da Fonseca FRANCIA, Joseph?In 1730 List at St. Gyle's (Q.C.A., X, 157) [Joseph de Francia promised ?2 10s. to New Building Fund in 1700 (Gaster, 76)]. See Francis Frank FRANCIS?Royal Lodge 1777 FRANCK, Joseph Mendel (b. 1771)?vinegar maker, Marlboro' Place, Kennington. Made in Hiram's 1801 FRANCO, Abraham (b. 1763)?made in United City 1784 [Abraham Haim Franco signed Ascamoth 1784 (Gaster, 156)] FRANCO, Ephraim?merchant, King's Arms Yard. Joined Stewards' Lodge 1787. [Grand Standard Bearer 1789 M.T.B.H.S. (1964), 300] FRANCO, Francis - made in St. Alban's 1775. President of Board of Grand Stewards 1780 FRANCO, Jacob, Esquire?Walbrook. Made in Royal Lodge 1779 [Jacob Franco was one of the Deputation congratulating George III on his accession 1760] FRANCO, Jacob, Esquire?made in St. Alban's 1774 FRANCO, Jacob?merchant. Admitted in Somer? set House Lodge 1775 FRANCO, Jacob?St. James's Square. Joined Prince of Wales's Lodge 1800. FRANCO, Joaquin?merchant. Made in Moira 1817 FRANCO, John, Esquire?Harley Street. Joined Royal Lodge 1783 FRANCO, John (also Jacob), Esquire?Admitted in Somerset House Lodge 1779 [Joseph de Abraham Franco in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 148)] FRANCO, Raphael, Esquire?Fenchurch Street. Admitted in Somerset House Lodge 1776. Same names: made in St. Alban's 1774. Joined Shake? speare 1775. Member of Royal 1778.Treasurer of Board of Grand Stewards 1777. [Raphael de Jacob Franco in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 148)] FRANCO, Raphael?one of a block of names in Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell (between entries of 1783 and 1777) scored through FRANK, Francis?in 1734 List at Devil Tavern within Temple Bar (Q.C.A., X, 152) [Possibly Francis Francia, who had been acquitted of high treason in 1716] FRANKLIN, Philip?No. 35, 1754 (A) FRANKS?Antiquity 1749 FRANKS, John, Esquire?Royal Lodge 1783</page><page sequence="30">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 179 FRANKS, Naphthali, Esquire?Shakespeare Lodge 1766 [Warden of Great Synagogue 1766] FRANKS, Nathaniel?gentleman, Skinners Street. Made in No. 10, 1753 (A) FRANKS, Ralph, Esquire?Joined Stewards' Lodge 1772. FRANKS, William?No. 24, 1754 (A) FRAZER, Benjamin de Wolf?Doctor of Medicine, 11 Southampton Row. Had been made while a medical student at Edinburgh, probably in Canongate Kilvenning, No. 2. Joined Shake? speare Lodge 1740. FRIEDEBURG, Benjamin (b. 1753)?lapidary, Castle Alley, Whitechapel. Made in Hiram's 1791 FRIEDMAN, John?merchant. Joined Moira 1818 FRIEDMAN, Lazarus?merchant, Prescott Street, Made in Caledonian 1803 FRIES, Simon Isaac de?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1782 GARCIA (b. 1772)?surgeon, Mitre Court, Aldgate. Joined Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell 1810. Isaac Dyas (Dias), surgeon, of same address, was made the same year [Dr. D. Garcia was Medical Officer to the poor of Sephardim Congregation] GARCIA, A.?Joined Stewards' Lodge 1785 GARCIA, Abraham (b. 1752)?merchant, George Street, Minories. Made 1763. Joined United City 1775 GARCIA, Abraham Rodrigues (b. 1776)?gentle? man, Houndsditch. Made in Hiram's 1802 GARCIA, B. I. or D. I. (b. 1763)?made in United City 1785 GARCIA, Daniel Moses?made in Hiram's 1798. GARCIA, Daniel Moses (b. 1776)?gentleman, Aldgate. Admitted in Hiram's 1802. GARCIA, David?surgeon, Whitechapel Road, Moira 1804. GARCIA, Isaac?merchant, United City before 1768. [In list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 164)] GARCIA, Moses?apothecary, United City before 1768 GATLIFF, James?in 1725 List at Sun, Southside Street. St. Paul's (QC.,4., X, 29) GATTCLIFFE, Samuel?in 1730 List, Swan in Tottenham High Cross, removed to Three Tuns and Bull Head in Cheapside (Q.C.A., X, 165) GAU?See Meyers, Solomon (A) GEATOSEX, Thomas (b. 1758)?distiller, St. Catherine's. Made in Hiram's 1786 GOLD, Samuel?in 1730 List at Vine Tavern, Holborn {Q.C.A., X, 168) GOLDING, Samuel (b. 1760)?tailor, Great Queen Street. Made in Lodge of Ortez 1781 GOLDSCHMIDT, Banie [sic] [? Bendix or Bene? dict]?merchant. Hambro. Made in Caledonian 1803 GOLDSMID, Henry, Esquire?Henrietta Street, Brunswick Square. Made in Antiquity 1813 GOLDSMID, James, Esquire?58th Regiment. Made in Antiquity 1813 GOLDSMID, Moses Asher?merchant, Leman Street. Made in Moira 1812 (See Montefiore, Moses) GOLDSMID, Simeon?gentleman, Leman Street. Made in Moira 1808 GOLDSMITH, John?No. 10, 1754 (A) GOLDSMITH, John Barrow?admitted in British Lodge 1783 GOLDSMITT, Michael?attended Reconciliation as S.W. of Lodge of Israel GOMEZ, Antony (b. 1755)?wine merchant. Ratcliff Highway. Admitted in Hiram's 1789. GOMPERTZ, Simon?J.W. of Lodge at Hythe 1807 when the Warrant of an old Lodge was transferred to Abraham Levi, Master; Samuel Hanniford S.W., and himself as J.W. (A) G?RDEN, Simon?In 1730 List at One Tun in Noble Street (Q.C.A., X, 153) GOTTHEIMER, Henry?merchant, New Broad Street. Made in Moira 1816 GOULSTON, Joseph (b. 1775)?oilcloth manu? facturer, Bermondsey. Made in Bank of England Lodge 1805. GRAY, William?made in Hiram's GUTTERES (Gauteries), Jacob?gentleman. Made in United City 1778 GUTTERES, Moses?merchant, Devonshire Street, Moira 1813 GYENES, Joseph?in 1725 List as a Warden at Green Lettuce. Brownloe Street, Holborn (Q.C.A., 45) HAAS, Selig Lehman (b. 1778)?merchant, Amsterdam. Made in Emulation 1817. HAES, Andrew de?stockbroker. Crown Street, Westminster. Admitted in Ortez 1792. Andrew Levy de Haes, broker, was made in Caledonian 1779 HALFORD, William (b. 1788)?gentleman, Great Queen Street. Made in Fortitude 1811. HALL, Richard (b. 1756)?stonemason. St. Mary Axe. Made in Hiram's 1796 HALPEN, Mark?in 1730 List at King's Arms. New Broad Street (Q.C.A., X, 154) HALPHON, Turk?No. 8, 1757. Ezekiel Halphon rejoined No. 8 in 1759 and was possibly identical, being called 'Turk' from place of birth (A) HANBRIDGE, Thomas (b. 1753)?shagreen card maker, Wenhoord Street. Made in Hiram's 1783 HANDER, Nathan Lehmann?made in Hiram's 1805 HARRIS, Abraham?made in Hiram's 1798 HARRIS, Alexander?No. 71, Birmingham 1760 (A) HARRIS, David (b. 1763)?linen draper, George Street, Manchester Square. Joined Grenadiers 1799 HARRIS, Edward?made in Hiram's 1799 HARRIS, Enoch?No. 51, 1758 (See Isaac Dove) (A) HARRIS, Isaac (b. 1748)?dealer and chapman. Petticoat Lane. Admitted in Hiram's 1789</page><page sequence="31">180 John M. Shaftesley HARRIS, Joseph?In 1730 List at One Tun in Noble Street (Q.C.A., X, 153) HARRIS, Joseph?chaser.3 Made in British Social 1807 HARRIS, Joseph (b. 1763)?mariner, H.M.S. Enterprize. Made in Hiram's 1795 HARRIS, Joshua Levy?Ingram Court, Fenchurch Street, Joined Moira 1809 HARRIS, Meyer?made in Hiram's 1801 HARRIS, Moses?in 1730 List at One Tun in Noble Street (Q.C.A., X, 152). Author of 'As I sat at Wheelers' Lodge' HARRIS, William (b. 1748)?cordwainer, Carey Street. Joined Freedom and Ease, Strand 1790 HARRIS, William (b. 1757)?tailor, Tooley Street. Made in Peace and Harmony 1791 HARRIS, William (b. 1772)?optician, 47 Hol born. Made in Jerusalem Lodge, Clerkenwell 1808. Same name, occupation (and '47 High Holborn') made in Ortez 1811 HARSEN, Joshua?No. 27, 1764 (A) HART?in 1725 List at Mitre Tavern, Covent Garden (Q.C.A., X, 43) HART?No. 24, 1763 (A) HART, Abraham (b. 1756)?salesman, East Smithfield. Made in Hiram's 1794 HART, Abraham?slopseller, East Smithfield. Made in Dundee Arms 1808 HART, Aron Henry (b. 1773)?gentleman, St. Martin's Lane. Made in Caledonian 1804. HART, David (b. 1786)?victualler. Made in Tuscan 1786 HART, Henry?attended Reconciliation as Master of Friendship. HART, Isaac?St. Alban's Lodge before 1768 HART, Jacob (b. 1756)?silversmith, Portsmouth. Made in Hiram's 1801 HART, John?Antiquity in 1721 HART, John?in 1723 List at Goose and Gridiron in St. Paul's Church Yard (Q.C.A., X, 4) HART, John?No. 31, 1760 (A) HART, John?gentleman, Lombard Street. Made in Grenadiers 1779 HART, Joseph?merchant. Made in Moira 1818 HART, Joseph (Jacob)?silversmith, No. 24 at Marquis of Granby, Canterbury, from No. 400 Ireland. See John Hart of No. 31. HART, Levi?No. 13, 1755 HART, Lyon?made in Hiram's 1803 or 1804 HART, Moses (b. 1759)?made in Hiram's 1802 HART, Samuel?Joined Antiquity 1739 HART ('Hurt'), Simon?No. 81, 1762 (A) HASAN, Josiah?butcher, 3 Herring Court. Hiram's, 'Withdrawn' 1781-2 HAYNES, Joseph?in 1730 List, Ship without Temple Bar {Q.C.A., X, 195) HEINE, Meyer?merchant, Hamburg. Made in Caledonian 1801. [Very probably uncle of Heine (See Pedigree, J. Enc, VI, 326)] 3 One who chases or engraves metal.?O.E.D. HEINEMANN, Lewis?merchant, 147 Fenchurch Street. Made in Shakespeare 1858 HENDRICKS, Jacob?merchant. Made in United City 1776 HENRIQUES, Aaron?merchant. Made (?) in Moira 1813 HENRIQUES, David (b. 1774)?gentleman, City Road. Made in Hiram's 1802 HENRIQUES, Jacob?merchant, United City (as Henriches) HERTWITZ, Simon Wolfe (b. 1772)?merchant. Hambro. Made in Caledonian 1807 HERTZ, Moses?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1785 HERTZE, Moses Jacob?mariner, Hamburg. Made in Moira 1810. See Leman, Morris Michel HEY, Isa(a)c?Phoenix, return dated 1786 HEYMAN, Henry?merchant. Joined Caledonian 1771 HICKMAN, Joseph?in 1723 List at Blue Boar, Fleet Street (Q.C.A., X, 19) HICKMAN, Nathaniel?M.D. In 1723 List at Horn Tavern {Q.C.A., X, 6) HIGGINS, James?surgeon, Islington. Joined Hiram's 1786 HINTZEN, John Ludolf?merchant. Admitted and made in Hiram's 1802 HOLLAND, John?No. 145, 1766 (A) HUFFAM, Joseph?stationer. Tooley Street. Made in Bank of England Lodge 1793 HYAMS?No. 81, 1764 (A) HYAMS, Joseph (b. 1756)?druggist, New Court, Creechurch Lane. Made in Hiram's 1788 HYAMS, Levy?made in Hiram's 1798 HYAMS, Moses (b. 1736)?hairdresser and perukemaker, Mitre Street, Aldgate, Hiram's, 'withdrawn', 1782. Admitted 1786 HYAMS, Peter?gentleman, Charles Street, City Road. Joined (?) Moira 1812 ISAACS, Abraham (b. 1757)?attorney, Bury Street, St. Mary Axe. Made in Hiram's 1797 ISAACS, George (b. 1759)?merchant, Bevis Marks. Admitted in Hiram's 1793. Same name made in Caledonian 1789 ISAACS, Isaac (b. 1755)?dealer and chapman. Red Cow Lane, Mile End. Admitted in Hiram's 1787 ISAACS, Joseph?Lodge of Felicity (second name in list) ISAACS, Levi?Visited Antiquity 1749 and raised there ISAACS, Lyon?No. 145, 1766 (A) ISAACS, Michael (b. 1761)?merchant, Bevis Marks. Admitted in Hiram's 1793. Same name joins Caledonian 1789 ISAAC [sic], Michael, jun., (b. 1771)?watch? maker, Mitre Place, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1794 ISAACS, Mordecai?No. 13, 1754 (A) ISAACS, Solomon?No. 25, Liverpool 1764 (A)</page><page sequence="32">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 181 ISH JEMINI, Solomon Mordecai. Made in Hiram's 1798. [Author of The Expected Good End (1800)] ISRAELI, Isaac d' (b. 1763)?made in United City 1784. JACOB, Abraham?salesman, Romney Lane, Atholl Reg. A.501. No. 16, 1753 (A) JACOBS, Abraham?No. 27, expelled 1753 (A) JACOBS, Alexander?in 1723 List at Crown and Anchor near St. Clement's Church (Q.C.A., X, 19) JACOBS, Gabriel (b. 1765)?merchant, Ratcliff Highway, Joined Royal Naval 1807. Same name, linen draper, made in Dundee Arms 1801. JACOBS, Henry?made in Hiram's 1799. JACOBS, Henry (b. 1737)?dealer and chapman, Duke Street, Aldgate, Joined Hiram's 1793. Probably father of Jacob Jacobs made in same Lodge in same month JACOBS, Isaac?No. 109, Newcastle-under-Lyme 1765 (A) JACOBS, Isaac (b. 1762)?fishmonger, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1794 JACOBS, Jacob (b. 1768)?shipagent, Portsmouth. Made in Royal Naval 1804 JACOBS, Jacob (b. 1768)?dealer and chapman, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1793. See Henry Jacobs JACOBS, John (b. 1762)?miller, Stratford. Made in Bank of England Lodge 1807 JACOBS, Joseph?No. 6, 1777 (A) JACOBS, Nathan?made in Hiram's 1798 JACOBS, Nathan (b. 1772)?silversmith, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1796 JACOBS, Parent?No. 13, 1754 (A) JACOBS, Robert?No. 18, 1754 (A) JACOBS, Samuel?attended Reconciliation as Master of Lodge of Israel JACOBS, Samuel?No. 145, 1766 (A) JACOBS, Samuel?No. 67 (No. 3 of Nova Scotia), at King's Arms, George Street, Halifax 1757 (A) JACOBS, Samuel?made in Dundee Arms, 1786 JACOBS, Samuel (b. 1767)?dealer and chapman, Jewry Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1792 JELLICO, Joseph?merchant. Fenchurch Street. Somerset House Lodge, 1800 JOACHIM, Naphtally [sic]?schoolmaster, Houndsditch. Made in Hiram's 1782 [An Elias Joachim married Esther, daughter of Aaron Goldsmid, who settled in England in 1765] JOEL, Coleman (b. 1766)?dealer, Great Garden Street. Made in Hiram's 1791 JOEL, Pass (?Gass) Isaac?(b. 1778)?merchant. Made in Royal Naval 1806 JOHNSON, Moses?made in Hiram's 1804 JONAS, John?comedian, made in No. 101 (5th Battalion Royal Artillery, Capt. Eliot's Company) 1812 (A) JONES, Isaac (b. 1750)?watchmaker, Flower and Dean Street, Spitalfields. Made in Hiram's 1789 JONGE, Isaac Jones de (b. 1773)?merchant, Frankfort. Made in Emulation 1801 JOSEPH, Hyam (b. 1738)?dealer and chapman. Admitted in Hiram's 1789 JOSEPH, Isaac (b. 1769)?silversmith, Trow bridge. Made in Hiram's 1791 JOSEPH, Mathias?No. 59, Haverfordwest 1812. J.M. was from No. 162 Bristol (A) JOSEPH, Simeon?gentleman, South Lambeth. Made in Moira 1814. See Cohen, Andrew JOSEPH, Solomon (b. 1768)?dealer and chap? man, Bevis Marks. Made in Hiram's 1792 JOSHUA, Joshua?No. 145, 1769 (A) JOSHUA, Moses?fishmonger, No. 23, 1791 (A) KASKELL, Jacob, jun., (b. 1759)?gentleman. Late of Dresden. Made in United City 1787 KECK, Samuel?in 1723 List at Griffin in New? gate Street (Q.C.A., X, 6) KEYSER, Isaac (b. 1778)?sugar broker, Tower Hill. Made in Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease, Strand 1800 KEYSER, Isaac?broker, Savage Gardens. Ad? mitted to Caledonian 1801 KEYSER, Jacob (b. 1783)?merchant, Savage Gardens. Made in Caledonian 1805 KEYSER, Solomon?gentleman, Altona. Made in Caledonian 1800 KISCH, Benjamin (b. 1772)?physician. Made in Hiram's 1802 KNEESHA, Samuel?in 1723 List at Crown behind the Royal Exchange (Q.C.A., X, 12) KOHN, George Lewis?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1782 KROHN, Henry?No. 24, 1763 (A) KROHN, Jacob)?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1781 KRUSE, Frederick (b. 1765)?clerk, Wardour Street. Made in Hiram's 1802 KULICK?No. 31, 1769 (A) LARA, Abraham ( ?)?joined Shakespeare Lodge 1772. Resigned from Royal Lodge 1779 LARA, Benjamin, jun.,?United City, c. 1787. [A Benj. Lara signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] LARA, Joshua (b. 1748)?merchant, Old Bethlam. Made 1770. Admitted in United City 1781. [Jacob (Joshua) Lara about 1772 eloped with Sarah Ximenes] LARA, Moses?made in Dundee Arms 1785 (M. Lara signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 157)] LAZARUS, A.?Joined Stewards 1797 LAZARUS, Aaron (b. 1766)?button seller, Broad Street, Soho. Made in Hiram's 1791. See Jacob LAZARUS, Henry?No. 145, 1766 (A) LAZARUS, Jacob (b. 1766)?button seller, Broad Street, Soho. Made in Hiram's 1791. See Aaron Lazarus</page><page sequence="33">182 John M. Shqftesley LAZARUS, Lion?made in Hiram's 1798 LEDOUBLE, Abraham?in 1730 List, at Crown and Sceptre, St. Martin's Lane (Q.C.A., X, 163) LEE, Isaac (b. 1772)?silversmith, Norton Folgate. Made in Hiram's 1792 LEICESTER, Joseph?in 1730 List at Half Moon in Cheapside (Q.C.A., X, 162) LEIDERSDORF, David?made in Moira 1821 LE MESURIER?see Mesurier LEMON, Francis?No. 59, Haverfordwest 1812 (J.W. from No. 158 ( ?), Caermarthen) (A) LEMON, Morris Michel?mariner, Hamburg. Made in Moira 1810. See Moses Jacob Hertze LEO, Luis [sic] (b. 1753)?M.D. Houndsditch, Joined Hiram's 1784 [? the Dr. Leo, relation of the Goldsmids] LEON, David De?United City, circa 1785 [Signed Ascamoth in 1784. (Gaster, 156)] LEON, Henry (b. 1765)?musician, Houndsditch. Made in Hiram's 1792. [See Jewish Encyclo? paedia for this musical family] LEV, Moridt [sic] (b. 1777)?musician. Made in Hiram's 1802 LEVI?No. 81, 1763 (A) LEVI (b. 1764)?merchant. Made in Tuscan 1785 LEVI, Abraham?W.M. of Lodge at Hythe, 1807, now Prince Edwin's (A) LEVI, David?No. 145, 1766 [? translator] (A) LEVI, Israel?Joined Hiram's 1805 LEVI, Jacob?No. 14, 1767 (A) LEVI, Jay?Initiated (?1803) LEVI, Michael?No. 75 (72nd Regiment of Foot) 1765 (A) LEVI, Solomon Jacob?merchant, Bury Street. Made in Moira 1812 [Probably person who adopted his mother's name of Waley and father of Prof. Jacob Waley] LEVIN, Bernard Bendix?merchant, St. Mary Axe. Made in Caledonian 1803 LEVIN, Henry John?merchant. New Broad Street. Made in Moira 1816 LEVIN, I. (b. 1775)?merchant, Goodman's Fields. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1800 LEVIN, James?merchant, Prescot Street. Ad? mitted to Caledonian 1801 LEVIN, Meyer (b. 1782)?merchant, Alie Street. Made in Hiram's 1806 LEVIN, William?merchant, Prescot Street. Made in Caledonian 1802 LEVIN, Zadik?merchant, Goodman's Fields. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1800 LEVY, Angelo?ships' agent. Made in Caledonian 1782 LEVY, Angelo, jun. (b. 1782)?gentleman, Devon? shire Square. Made in Hiram's 1805 LEVY, Barnet?Finer,4 Penhoch Forge. No. 126, Caerphilly 1813 (A) 4 Finery: a hearth where cast iron is made malle? able or in which steel is made from pig-iron? O.E.D. LEVY, Benjamin (b. 1765)?shoemaker, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1791 LEVY, Eleazer?merchant, Black River, St. Elizabeth, Jamaica. Made in Strong Man 1798 LEVY, Isaac Gedken (?Jehoachim) (b. 1742) ?? farrier, Creechurch Lane. Joined Hiram's 1791. See Jacob Joachim Levy LEVY, Israel?gentleman, Houndsditch. Joined Moira 1805 LEVY, Jacob?Hiram's, gone to Gibraltar, 1781 LEVY, Jacob (b. 1753)?silversmith, Fronic, Somerset. Made in Hiram's 1789 LEVY, Jacob (b. 1766)?dealer and chapman, Bevis Marks. Made in Hiram's 1793 LEVY, Jacob Joachim (b. 1746)?merchant, Spital Square. Made in Hiram's 1786. See Isaac Gedken Levy LEVY, Joseph?jeweller, New Crane, Wapping. No. 46, 1810 (A) LEVY, Joseph?Joined No. 64. circa 1793. Later, being found to be a 'clandestine' mason (?Modern), was dismissed (A) LEVY, Joshua?Hiram's, 'withdrawn' 1781 LEVY, Leyon [Wc]? merchant, joined Stewards 1780 LEVY, Lyon (b. 1754)?perukemaker, Petticoat Lane, joined Hiram's 1787 LEVY, Lyon?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1790 LEVY, Mordecai (b. 1748)?leather dresser. Green Walk. Made in Hiram's 1788 LEVY, Moses?made in Hiram's 1799. [Same name President of the 'German' Deputies 1800] LEVY, Moses (b. 1754)?Hiram's, 'gone to America' 1783 LEVY, Moses Isaac (really Ximenes), Esq.? Lincoln's Inn Field. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1779 [Signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] Moses Is. Levy is Senior Grand Warden 1785 (promoted from J.G.W., same year's appointment?M. Y.B.H.S. (1964) 7) LEVY, Moses Jacob (b. 1780)?merchant, Spital Square. Made in Friendly Lodge, Newgate Street, 1802 LEVY, Samuel?jeweller, made in Caledonian 1791 LEVY, Samuel?No. 221; present at 'First Dis? pensation' Meeting of Domatic 1786 (A) LEVY, Solomon Abraham?merchant, Hambro'. Made in Caledonian 1803 LEVYS, Philip?merchant, Jamaica. Made in Caledonian 1792 LEVYSON, M.?attended Reconciliation as mem? ber of Israel LEWIS, John?broker. Made in Caledonian 1785 LEWIS, Joshua?in 1723 list at Dolphin in Tower Street (Q.C.A., X, 16) LIEBMAN, Joseph?merchant, Token House Yard. Moira 1812 LIEFMAN, David?gentleman, Manchester. Joined Moira, 1812 LiGHTUP, George (b. 1768)?dyer, St. Mary Axe. Made in Hiram's 1794</page><page sequence="34">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 183 LINDO, Benjamin?merchant. Made in Cale? donian 1787 LINDO, Elias, Esquire?Hemel Street. Joined Royal Lodge 1781. Same name and description made in St. Alban's Lodge 1774 LINDO, Isaac?merchant (?). Joined Moira 1813. Probably the J.G.W. at the Union 1813 LINDO, Isaac (b. 1757)?merchant, London Street. Made in United City 1781. Same name of Basinghall Street. Joined Jerusalem, Clerken? well, 1782. Same name, broker. Joined Caledon? ian 1783 LINDO, Jacob (b. 1742)?coal merchant, Devon? shire Square. Made in United City 1786 LINDO, Moses?gentleman. Caledonian 1783 or 1784 LINDO, Raphael?merchant. Made in Moira 1817 LINDO, Solomon (b. 1806)?merchant. Island of St. Thomas's. Moira 1827 [Note: for Lindo Family see Gaster, 150, 151)] LOFTUS, Mich.?in 1725 List at Golden Lyon in Dean Street (Q.C.A., X, 44) Perhaps Michael Adolphus ? LOPEZ, Manassa (later Sir Manasseh?Bart), Esquire?Upper Charlotte Street. Made in Royal Lodge 1779 LOTON, Aaron?No. 75 (72nd Regiment of Foot), 1765 (A) LOUIS, Noah Edward?Joined Hiram's 1804 LOUSADA, Aaron?Devonshire Square. Made in Hiram's 1803 LOUSADA, E. Baruh (or Baruch or Baruck), Esquire?Percy Street. Joined Royal Lodge 1784 [See Picciotto, 122] LOUSADA, Daniel B.?merchant, Devonshire Street (?). Joined Moira 1813 LOUSADA, E. B., Esquire?made in Somerset House Lodge 1779 [E. Bh- Lousada, jun., signed Ascamoth (Gaster, 156)] LOUSADA, Isaac Baruch?Member of Antiquity, candidate for Chapter of St. James 1820 LOUSADA, Moses Baruch?made in Hiram's 1802 [M. B. Lousada signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 157)] LOW, Philip?victualler, Goodman's Fields. Joined Strong Man 1787 LOWE, Jacob Ludwig?merchant, Leadenhall Street. Made in Moira (cf. next entry) LOWE, James Lewis (?)?Joined Moira 1821 (cf. previous entry) LOWMAN, Samuel?Steward 1738 (Q.C.A., X, 302) LUCAS, Benjamin?servant to Prince of Wales. Made in Prince of Wales Lodge 1789. He and Robert Lyons (q.v.) were among the Eight Servants of the Prince made in 1789 LUCAS, Nathaniel, jun.?merchant, Bridges Row. Made in Caledonian 1796 LUCAS, Robert (b. 1784)?merchant, Nicholas Lane. Made in Caledonian 1805 LYON?'of Old Lodge' (?St. John). Visited Antiquity and joined same day 1746 LYON, Benjamin?made in Fortitude 1776 LYON, Benjamin, Esquire?15 Upper Bedford . Place. Made in Antiquity 1813 LYON, David?tailor, White House, Hungerford Market, No. 11, 1752 (A) LYON, David?No. 15, 1755. Later 'Confd- for Debt' (A) LYON, Edward?gentleman, 28 Great Tower Hill. Made in Dundee Arms 1807 LYON, James?No. 23, 1768 (A) LYON, James, jun.?merchant, Savage Garden. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1800 LYON, Lewis (b. 1773)?tailor, Creechurch Lane. Made in Hiram's 1796 LYON, Martin?No. 5, 1754. Same name and lodge 1757 (A) LYON, Saul (b. 1755)?tailor, New Court, Duke's Place. Made in Hiram's 1791 LYON, William, Esquire?Southampton Row. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1794. Same name joined Stewards' 1798 LYONS, Edward?No. 39, Manchester 1755 (A) LYONS, Robert?Servant to Prince of Wrales. Made in Prince of Wales Lodge 1789. See Benja? min Lucas. MAGNUS, Henry?attended Reconciliation as Master of No. 221 at Lodge of Judah, Crown and Anvil, Minories (A) MAGNUS, Moses (b. 1762)?watchmaker, Cham? ber Street, Goodman's Fields. Joined Hiram's 1788 MANASSE, L?doctor. St. Catherine's Street. Joined Strong Man 1800 MANICAU, Abraham?in 1730 List at Crown and Sceptre, Strand (Q.C.A., X, 162) MANNICA, Joseph?No. 18, 1754. Made masons 'clandestinely' (A) MAR(?),Masahoddela(?) (b. 1752)?Esquire. MARKS, David?No. 27, 1765 (A) MARKS, Mordecai?No. 145, 1766 (A) MARKS, Samuel (b. 1763)?watchmaker, Dukes Place. Made in Hiram's 1789 MARTIN, David?No. 8 (?), 1782, from No. 145 (A) MARTIN, Isaac?baker. Hiram's, 'Withdrawn' MARTIN, Joseph?No. 8 (?), 1782, from No. 145 (A) MASSEY, Abraham?in 1725 List at Queen's Head, Great Queen Street (QC./l., X, 32) MASSEY, James?gentleman, Holies Street. Joined Stewards' 1784 MASSEY, Robert?in 1725 List at Castle and Falcon in Chester (Q.C.A., X, 39) MASSIA, John?in 1730 list, French Lodge at the Swan in Long Acre (QC.A, X, 160) MASSIAS, Isaac de Piza?merchant, Barbados. Made in Dundee Arms 1789 MASSIOT, Garni.?in 1730 List at Goat at the foot of the Haymarket (Q.C.A., X, 156)</page><page sequence="35">184 John M. Shqftesley MATTOS, Abraham De (b. 1752)?Leadenhall Street. Joined United City 1775. [Abraham de Mattos Mocatta signed Ascamoth in 1784. Gaster, 156)] "MATTOS, Charles de (b. 1760)?merchant, joined United City 1782 MAW, Simon?in 1730 list at King's Arms. St. Margaret's Hall, Southwark (d.C.A., X, 188) MAYER, John Ben1- (b. 1736)?Joined Emulation 1772 MEARS, William?In 1723 list at Crown and Anchor near St. Clement's Church (Q.C.A., X, 19). There is also a William 'Meirs' in 1730 List MEDINA, Abraham De?In 1730 List at Daniel's Coffee House in Lombard Street (Q.C.A., X, 188) [Same name in list of Yehidim in 1764 (Gaster, 146)] MEDINA, Ferdinand de?1broker, Stoke Newing ton. Made in Caledonian 1797 MEINZIES, Abraham?No. 54, 1756 (A) MEINZIES, William?No. 54 between 1756 and 1764 (A) MEIR, Ferdinand?merchant, K?nigsberg. Made in Moira 1812 MELLISH, Thomas?Lincoln's Inn. Made in Shakespeare 1801 MELLOR, Samuel?made in Jacob's Ladder 1791 MENDES, David (b. 1753)?grocer, Moorfields. Made in Antiquity 1785 MENDES, Mordecai (b. 1746)? Orrismaker,5 Bartholomew Court. Joined Hiram's 1785 MENDES, Moses?Steward 1737. {Q.C.A., X, 287) MENDES, Moses?Made in United City [Moses de Israel Mendes in list of Yehidim 1764 (Gaster, 147)] MENDEZ, Solomon?in 1730 List at Daniel's Coffee House, Lombard Street (Q.C.A., X, 187) MENDOZA, Abraham?No. 145, 1766 (A) MENDOZA, Daniel (b. circa 1765)?tobacconist, Bethnal Green. Hiram's 1787 or 1788 (A) [In all probability, the pugilist, although there were contemporaries, cousins of the same name] MENDOZA, Samuel?No. 145, 1766 (A) MENDOZA, Solomon?No. 145, 1767 (A) MERCELLO?No. 27, evidently 1764 (A) MERON, Isaac?Joined Stewards' 1784. Evidently the Isaac Moron of United City MESSER, Benjamin?mathematical instrument maker, Wapping. Made in Dundee Arms 1788 MESURIER, Frederick Le?Hackney. Made in Shakespeare 1805 MESURIER, Isaac le?merchant, Bishopsgate Street. Made in Jacob's Ladder 1790 MESURIER, Paul le (b. 1754) METZ, Simony?merchant, St. Mary Axe. Made in Caledonian 1803 MEURE, Isaac?Steward (d.C.A., X, 231) MEYER, A. H. (b. 1783)?merchant, Riga. Made in Caledonian 1804 MEYER, Jacob?attended Reconciliation from Lodge of Israel 5 See above (Orris weaver) MEYER, John?insurance broker. Made in Caledonian 1777 MEYER, Joseph Hart?M.D. Joined Caledonian 1785 MEYER, T.?attended Reconciliation from Unity (now 183) MEYERS, Frederick (b. 1773)?gentleman, 27 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury. Made in Somerset House Lodge 1813 MEYERS, Michael?attended Reconciliation from Lodge of Israel (AQC., XXIII, 299 and 300) MEYERS, Moses?No. 6, 1771 MEYERS, Solomon?No. 145, 1767 MICHEARE, Isaac?in 1730 List at French Lodge, Swan in Long Acre (Q.C.A., X, 160) MIERS?See Myers, Jacob (A) MIERS, Moses?jeweller, Haverfordwest, No. 59, 1812 (A) MILLBANK, William (b. 1756)?farmer, Rode ford, Essex. Made in Hiram's 1793 MILLER, Jacob?in 1730 list at Mount Coffee House in Grosvenor Street (Q.C.A., X, 171) MINET, Joseph?gentleman, Queen Street, Cheapside. Made in Caledonian 1796 MINORS, Daniel?made in Shakespeare 1778 MINORS, Isaac?Joined Shakespeare 1767 MINORS, Jacob?apothecary, Joined Shakespeare 1766 MISAUBIN, Dr.?acts as Grand Warden 1732 (Q.C.A., X, 213) MITCHELL, Michael?merchant. Made in Moira 1818 MOGADORE (?)?made in United City 1782 MOLLER, Israel (b. 1751)?merchant, Breslau. Made in Hiram's 1793 MONDET, Abraham?No. 38, 1756 (A) MONTEFIORE, Eleazer?gentleman, aged 22. America Square. Made in Sociable 1784 (Wonnacott) MONTEFIORE, Jacob (b. 1774)?merchant, Camomile Street. Joined Royal Naval 1796 MONTEFIORE, Joshua (b. 1766)?attorney, St. Catherin's. Joined Royal Naval 1796 MONTEFIORE, Joshua (b. 1761)?gentleman. Aged 23. America Square. Made in Sociable 1784 (Wonnacott) MONTEFIORE, Moses?merchant. Made in United City 1776 [Moseh Hm Montefiiore signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] MONTEFIORE, Sir Moses?gentleman, Kenning ton, Surrey. Made in Moira in 1812 with Benjamin Cohen, Isaac Cohen, Moses Asher Goldsmid, and Myer Solomon Solomon MONTEFIORE, Samuel Vita?United City, c. 1786. Steward 1788 MONTFORD, Adam (b. 1757)?grocer, Smith field. Made in Hiram's 1782 MONTFORD, James?in 1723 List at George, Charing Cross (Q.C.A., X, 15) MONTFORD, Joseph?in 1730 List at King's Arms, New Bond Street (Q.C.A., X, 154). See also Mountford</page><page sequence="36">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 185 MORDECAI, Mark?dealer. Canterbury No. 24, Marquis of Granby, Canterbury 1806 or 1807 (A) MORDECAI, Saul?No. 23, 1793 (A), withdrawn, and joins No. 6. Initiated a 'Modern' MORDECAI, Saul (b. 1754)?glass seller, Duke Street. Joined Hiram's 1786 MORIENCOURT, Joseph Salvador?made in Jacob's Ladder 1791 MORIN, Amant?merchant, Caledonian between 1783 and 1784 MORLEY, Francis (b. 1776)?surgeon, Alie Street, Goodman's Fields. Made in Hiram's 1801 MORON, Isaac?merchant, Clapton. Admitted Somerset House Lodge 1783 [I. Moron Gabay signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] MORON, Isaac (b. 1755)?merchant, George Street' Minories. Made in United City 1781. Probably the Isaac Meron of Stewards' MORRIS, Jonas?in 1723 list at Ship behind Royal Exchange (Q.C.A., X, 16) MORSE, jun.?No. 6, 1777 (A) MORSE, William?Lodge of Felicity, same lodge, described as a tailor MOSE [mV], James (b. 1771)?gentleman, Somers Place. Admitted Somerset House Lodge 1811 MOSELEY, Isaac?publisher of a drawing, Bridge Road, Pimlico (A.Q.C., XXII, 191, XXIV, 98, 99) MOSELY, John?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1783 MOSES?No. 27, 1761 (A) MOSES, Abraham (b. 1755)?Portsmouth. Made in Hiram's 1802 MOSENS, David (b. 1768)?pencutter. Goodman's Fields. Made in Hiram's 1795 MOSES, David?dealer, London. No. 24 at Marquis of Granby, Canterbury, 1808 (A) MOSES, Henry (b. 1776)?dealer, etc. [sic], Portsmouth. Made in Hiram's 1801 MOSES, Philip, sen.?Joined Antiquity 1749 MOSES, Richard (b. 1763)?gilder, Whitechapel. Made in Hiram's 1791 MOSS, Richard?No. 32, 1754 (A) MOUNTFORD, Solomon?in 1730 List at Daniel's Coffee House in Lombard Street (Q.C.A., X, 187) MOUNTIGUE (PMontague), Benjamin?silver? smith, Clerkenwell Green. Made in Jerusalem Lodge 1778 MOURSE (PMorse), Joseph?gentleman, Welbeck Street. Joined Stewards' 1789 MULLER, Ephraim Gottlieb?Secretary of Cale? donian 1766 [See article by Crowe in Freemason 1910 and A.d.C, 1909, 'Two Old Oxford Lodges'] MUZIO, Angelo?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1788 MYER, Myer Solomon?merchant, Maastrand, Sweden. Made in Moira 1812. See Sir Moses Montefiore MYERS, Albert (b. 1748)?merchant. Made in Emulation 1772 MYERS, Henry?coal merchant. Made at Spital fields Lodge, Queen's Head. Paternoster Row 1776 MYERS, Jacob?merchant. Georgetown, S. Carol? ina. Made in Moira 1803 MYERS, Jacob?No. 14, 1767. There was a Jacob Miers in No. 37, 1764, and (? in another lodge) in 1768 (A) MYERS, Michael?attended Reconciliation from Lodge of Israel (AQC., XXIII, 299 and 300) MYERS, Solomon?No. 145, 1768 and 1769 (A) NANTES, Daniel?merchant's clerk. Fenchurch Street. Joined Antiquity 1778. J.G.W. of Grand Lodge South of the Trent NANTES, David?Made in Caledonian 1781 [R. Falk bequeathed 50 guineas to 'Mr. Abraham son of Shelomo usually called Abraham Nancy'] NANTES, Henry William?gentleman. Made in Caledonian 1786 NATHAN, Barnet?made in Hiram's 1801. As Master attended Reconciliation NATHAN, Henry (b. 1766)?dealer, Bevis Marks. Joined Hiram's 1792 NATHAN, Henry, jun. (b. 1768)?slopseller. Virginia Street. Made in Hiram's 1796 NATHAN, Israel?attended Reconciliation from Joppa NATHAN, Jonas?No. 31, 1762 (A) NATHAN, Nath?attended Reconiliation from 221 (A) NATHAN, Nathan?Made in Hiram's 1801 [A Nathan Nathan was Warden of Great Synagogue in 1815] NATHAN, Nathaniel (b. 1761)?merchant, Man sell Street. Made in Hiram's 1797 NETTO, Phineas?No. 8 (A) from Moderns 1782 NETTO, Phinoas [sic]?notary public, Bevis Marks. Joined Hiram's 1781 [Evidently son of Isaac Netto and grandson of the Haham. Published A Mew Calendar ... 1791] NIETO?See Netto, Phinoas [sic] NIRDEN, Ruben (see Norden)?gentleman. Bartholomew Lane. Made in Caledonian 1801. Possibly a grandson of Reuben Norden NOBLE, Samuel?No. 6, 1777 (A) NORDEN, Abraham (see Nirden)?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1784 NUNES, A. F. (?F = Fernandez)?made in or joined Shakespeare after 1786. [Isaac Fernandez Nunes was one of the Deputation to George III in 1760. See Jacob Franco] NUNES, Abraham, Esquire?Joined Stewards' 1782. [Abraham Fernandez Nunes signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] NUNES, Abraham?signed By-Laws of United City but name in Register is under Caledonian in 1783 or 1784. Robert Nunes is in Register under United City NUNES, Phineas?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1787</page><page sequence="37">186 John M. Shqftesley NUNES, Robert?merchant. Made in United City 1776 (See Abraham Nunes) OPPENHEIM, Mendel W. (?)?gentleman. K?nigsberg. Made in Moira 1812 OPPENHEIM, Solomon?merchant, Hambro'. Made in Caledonian 1812 [A Solomon Oppen heimer was cousin of N. M. Rothschild, of Emulation] OPPENHEIM, Suzkind Hersch?merchant, Ham? bro'. Made in Caledonian 1802 OPPENHEIM, Wulff (b. 1777)?merchant, Ham? burgh. Made in Caledonian 1805 OPPENHEIMER, Isay?merchant, Hambro'. Made in Caledonian 1803 OSORIO, Abraham?stockbroker. Joined Stewards' 1802 [An Abraham Aboab Ozorio is in list of Yehidim in 1764 (Gaster, 146)] OVEN, Joshua Van?surgeon, Bury Street. Admit? ted to Antiquity 1792 PAIBA, Jacob De?gentleman. Joined Shakespeare 1765. [One A. de Payba was among the six Jew Brokers in 1697. Another of that name is in list of Yehidim in 1764 (Gaster, 148)] PAIBA, John?gentleman. Joined Stewards' 1781. [Grand Sword Bearer 1779-88 (M.T.B.H.S., 1964, 301)] PASS, Daniel?merchant, Duke Street. Aldgate. Made in Moira 1816 PASS, David (b. 1780)?butcher, Duke Street, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1801 PEREIRA (Perreyra)?Joined St. Albans 1774 PERES, Isaac (b. 1751)?tobacconist, Wheeler Street, Spitalfields. Admitted Hiram's 1781 PEREZ. Joseph?merchant, Cadiz. Made in Royal Naval '1805 PHILIPS, James?No. 71, Birmingham 1760 (A) PHILIPS, Samuel?Made in Hiram's 1806 PHILIPSON, L. A. (or S. A.)?merchant, Hamburgh. Made in Caledonian 1801 PHILLIPS?hatter, Carnaby Street. Made in Felicity 1795 PHILLIPS, Abraham?merchant, Bevis Marks. Made in Hiram's 1803 PHILLIPS, Barnett (b. 1795)?merchant. Moira 1807 PHILLIPS, Benjamin?provision merchant, Minories. Made in Royal Naval 1805 PHILLIPS, Daniel?in 1723 List at Ship on Fish Street Hill {Q.C.A., X, 18) PHILLIPS, Henry?architect, Bermondsey. Made in Moira 1818 PHILLIPS, Henry (b. 1735)?jeweller. George Street. Joined Affability 1770 PHILLIPS, Isaac?made in Strong Man 1781 PHILLIPS, James?gentleman. In 1725 list at Nag's Head and Star, Caermarthen PHILLIPS, John?Member of Strong Man PHILLIPS, John?No. 38, 1756 (A) PHILLIPS, John, Esquire (b. 1748)?Pall Mall. Made in Prince of Wales 1788 PHILLIPS, Joseph?in 1723 List at Crown Tavern at Cripplegate (Q.C.A., X, 7) PHILLIPS, Joseph?No. 36 (?), 1761 (A) PHILLIPS, Joshua Lyon?gentleman, Minories. Made in Moira 1810 PHILLIPS, Lawrence (b. 1783)?gentleman, Bury Street. Made in Hiram's 1805 [Same name Warden of Great Synagogue 1822] PHILLIPS, Leonard?coal merchant. Joined Shakespeare 1759 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1764)?tailor, Mitre Place, Aldgate. Made in Hiram's 1792 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1766) ?watchmaker, White? chapel. Made in Hiram's 1791 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1772)?gentleman. Joined Hiram's 1802 PHILLIPSON?in 1730 List at Crown and Sceptre. St. Martin's Lane (Q.C.A., X, 163) PICKERING, Thomas?No. 145, 1766 (A) PIERCE, (b. 1759)?fishmonger, Thames Street. Joined Hiram's 1788 PIFARD, David?broker. Made in Caledonian 1786 PIMENTO, Isaac?No. 115 at Marseilles 1763 (A) PIMENTO, Moses?No. 92 at Charles Town, S. Carolina 1761 (A) PIZA?see Isaac de Piza Massias POLACK, Abraham Judah (b. 1754)?dealer and chapman, Gouleston Square. Made in Hiram's 1787 POLACK, Solomon (b. 1764)?made in Hiram's 1791 POLLOCK, Abraham?No. 23, 1753 (A) POLLOCK, Alexander?Steward 1739 (Q.C.A. X, 316) POLLOCK, James (b. 1764)?gentleman, Guild? hall Coffee House. Made in Bank of England 1790 POLLOCK, Joseph?Grecian Coffee House, Temple. Jerusalem, Clerkenwell POLOCK, Jacob?No. 8, 1757 (A) PORTO, Rev. Moses (suggested for 'Porter') (b. 1736)?Joined Prince of Wales 1790 POZNANSKI, Leonard (b. 1790)?professor of music, 33 Lombard Street, Moira 1835 PRADO, Isaac van Joseph?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1782. See Joseph Ventura. PRAGER, Mark, sen.?merchant, Hackney. Made in Shakespeare April 1788 PRAGER, Mark (b. 1765)?merchant, Clapton House. Made in Shakespeare May 1788 QACARAIAR (? Zacharia [q.u.]), Isaac?No. 145, 1769 RAISBECK, Joseph (b. 1748)?merchant, Queen Street, Tower Hill. Made in Strong Man 1798 RAPHAEL, Ralph (b. 1764)-&lt;iealer and chap? man, Bevis Marks. Made in Hiram's 1792 RAYNOR, Abraham?in 1723 List at Queens Head in Knaves Acre (Q.CA, X, 3). There were also in 1725 list at Kings Head, Pall Mall,</page><page sequence="38">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 187 Renier (ibid., 33) and in 1730 at Vine Tavern, Holborn Reyner (ibid., 168) REDMAN, Samuel (b. 1759)?hatter, Drogate Hill. Made in Hiram's 1787 REIS, Heyman?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1785 REUBEN, Hyman Levy?gentleman. Made in United City 1786 RICHE, Jacob (b. 1756)?gentleman, Fenchurch Street. Joined Hiram's 1787 RIES, Samuel?tobacconist, 102 Strand. Made in Phoenix 1838 RINDSKOPF, Nahum Ber (b. 1781)?merchant, Frankfurt. Made in Emulation 1802 with N. M. Rothschild, whose cousin he was ROBINSON, Marcus?merchant, Hambro'. Made in Caledonian 1803 RODRIQUES, Abraham Saul?butcher, White chapel Church. Made in Peace and Harmony 1802 RODRIQUES (Rodrigues), David?butcher, Hiram's ROEYER, Bernard (b. 1777)?merchant, Embden. Made in Hiram's 1805 ROFE, Samuel (b. 1782)?gentleman, 6 Berners Street. Made in Fortitude with William Tysen of same address, 1 June 1803 ROSAS, Coen (b. 1766)?merchant, Bevis Marks. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease, Strand, 1800 ROSE, Joseph?in 1723 list at Tom's CofTee House, Clare Street (Q..C.A., X, 20) ROSE, Nathaniel?bootmaker. Made in Dundee Arms 1811 ROTHSCHILD, Nathan Meyer (b. 1777)? merchant, Manchester. Made in Emulation 1802 ROTTENBURG?gentleman. Made in Queen's Head. Paternoster Row. Spitalfields 1777 ROZAS, S. C.?merchant, Brown's Buildings. Joined Caledonian 1801 RUBENS, Jacob?silversmith, Dover. No. 24, Canterbury 1807 (A) SAA, I. de (b. 1774)?merchant, Bury Street, St. Mary Axe. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1800 SAALING, L.?gentleman, London. Made (?) in Moira 1811 SALABA, Joseph?gentleman. Made in Cale? donian 1785 SALOM, Mordechai (b. 1756)?made in United City 1784 [Chazan at Bevis Marks (Gaster 151, 152)] SALOMONS, Aaron Moses (b. 1774)?merchant, Abington. Made in Emulation 1802 SALOMONS, Pincus?merchant, Prescott Street. Goodman's Fields. Made in Caledonian 1801 [Is this Eliezer Philip Salamons, of the Hambro' Synagogue in 1800?] SALOMONSON, Edward Waley, Esquire?Stock Exchange and Old Broad Street. Shakespeare 1833. [Grandson of Rabbi Samuel Waley, whose daughted married Solomonson] SALVADOR, Joseph?[J.S. petitioned regarding coral trade in 1769] See Moriencourt SAMPSON, John?in 1730 List at Three Tuns at Billingsgate {Q.C.A., X, 176) SAMPSON, Joseph?in 1730 List at St. Paul's Head in Ludgate Street (Q.C.A., X, 166) SAMSON, Henry Morse?Blackheath. Made in Shakespeare 1807. Ebblewhite calls him 'Captain' SAMSON, Michael, jun.?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1788 SAMUDA, Abraham (b. 1780)?gentleman, Bury Street. Made in Hiram's 1802. Same name 'Merchant, of Tower Hill', joined Moira 1803 SAMUDA, Jacob (b. 1744)?gentleman, Bury Street. Joined Hiram's 1802 [Signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] SAMUEL, David Moses?made in Hiram's 1805 SAMUEL, Isaac (b. 1782)?gentleman, Mansell Street. Made in Hiram's, October 1805. See Simon Samuel SAMUEL, Israel (b. 1764)?watchmaker, Mansell Street, Goodman's Fields. Made in United City 1786 SAMUEL, M.?attended Reconciliation from Lodge of Israel SAMUEL, Moses?gentleman, Nottingham Place. Made in Dundee Arms 1808 [Same name was Warden of Great Synagogue 1795] SAMUEL, Phineas (b. 1776)?merchant, Good? man's Fields. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1800 SAMUEL, Ralph?No. 53, Liverpool 1794 (A) SAMUEL, Ralph?No. 75, 72nd Regiment of Foot. May 1765. No. 109, Newcastle-under Lyme, August 1765 (A) SAMUEL, S. M. (b. 1774)?merchant, Goodman's Fields. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1800 SAMUEL, Sampson?attended Reconciliation from Joppa and from Lodge of Israel [Father of son of same name who was Secretary of Board of Deputies] SAMUEL, Samuel (b. 1763)?merchant, Mansel Street. Made in United City 1786. Same name attended Reconciliation from Lodge of Israel. [A Samuel Samuel was Warden of Great Synagogue 1805] SAMUEL, Simon (b. 1784)?gentleman, Mansel Street. Made in Hiram's, October 1805 [a Simon Samuel was Warden of Great Synagogue 1824. See Isaac Samuel] SAMUELL, William?glover. In 1725 List at Nag's Head and Star, Caermarthen 1726 SAMUELS, Charles?attended Reconciliation from No. 92 at The Bell, York Street, West? minster (A) SAMUELS, Samuel?silversmith from No. 370, Ireland. No. 35 Chichester 1812 (A) SANDAU, Barnard Van (b. 1780)?notary, Welclose Square. Made in Caledonian 1806</page><page sequence="39">188 John M. Shqftesley SANDERS, Abraham?in 1730 List at St. Paul's Head in Ludgate Street (Q.C.A., X, 167) SANSUM, Isaac?Joined Strong Man 1775. Same name Joined in 1778?? rejoined or a relative SASTRES, Francis (b. 1753), Esquire?Edgware Road. Joined Prince of Wales 1792. Same name of Upper Seymour Street, Joined Stewards' 1804 SAX?see Silveira, Raphael de Sax SCHLESINGER, M. P.?merchant, Hambro'. Made in Moira 1814. SCH?MBERG, Dr. Isaac, jun.?Steward 1735 (Q.C.A., X, 254) SCHOMBURG, Dr.?in 1730 List at Swan and Rummer, Finch Lane {Q.C.A., X, 166) SCHOMBURG, Ralph, M.D.?surgeon, Master of Old Dundee No. 18, 1744 SCHRAMM, Michael?musician, Edgware Road. Joined Vacation, Star and Garter, Paddington, 1790 SCHWAB, Philip?made in Hiram's 1798 SEBAG, S. (b. 1782)?merchant, Haydon's Square. Made in Hiram's 1805 SEGALAS, Israel?in 1725 List at Solomon's Temple, Hemming's Row (Q.C.A., X, 42). See Elie Besthelott SENIOR (probably Senor), A.?Royal Lodge 1780 SEQUEIRA?one of block of names scored through under Jerusalem in Grand Lodge. See Raphl. Franco SEQUEIRA, Dr.?Joined St. Alban's 1773 SEQUEIRA, Dr.?Joined Mourning Bush 1773 SEQUEIRA, Dr. Isaac?made in Shakespeare 1772 SEQUEIRA, Isaac?physician, Mark Lane. Ad? mitted to Somerset House 1775. Same name and address joins Stewards' 1776 [Isaac Henriques Sequeira in list of Yehidim in 1764 (Gaster, 147)] SERRA, Isaac, Esquire?King's Head. Made in Somerset House. Same name 'Merchant', King's Road, Joined Stewards' 1783 [Signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 156)] (See Picciotto, 342) SERRE, Michael?made in Queen's Head, Pater? noster Row, Spitalfields 1781 SHABRACQ (Schabracq, Shabraic), Joseph notary public. Made in Mourning Bush 1773. Joined Caledonian 1782 [attested translation of Falk's will] SHANNON, Abr?m [sic]? made in Hiram's 1803 SHARIGLEY, Abraham?in 1725 list at The Ship behind the Royal Exchange (Q.C.A., X, 16) SHERIGLEY?in 1723 list, Warden of the Rum? mers at Charing Cross (Q.C.A., X, 8). An Abraham Shrigley in 1725 List at Rummer Tavern, Charing Cross (Q.C.A., X, 26) SHINCKEL, John?No. 6 from No. 3, 1777 (A) SHOMBERG, Dr. Meyer?Steward 1734 (Q.C.A., X, 240) SHRIGLEY, William?made in Antiquity 1803 SILVA, Abraham De (b. 1759)?confectioner, Whitechapel. Admitted in Hiram's 1781 SILVA, Abraham?merchant, United City, prob? ably joined in 1775 SILVA, Joshua Gomaz [sie] (b. 1759)?gentleman, Fenchurch Buildings. Made in United City 1787 SILVEIRA, Raphael de Sax?made in Hiram's 1798 SIMMONDS, Rev. Mr.?in 1725 List at Ship without Temple Bar (Q,.C.A, X, 34) SIMMONDS, Emanuel?attended Reconciliation from Joppa SIMMONDS, Humphrey?stationer, Holborn of Globe Tavern 1767 SIMMONDS, Joseph?Antiquity 1751 SIMMONDS, Thomas?Joined Antiquity from Red Cross Barbican 1745 SIMMONS, Joseph?gentleman, Goswell Street. Admitted in Antiquity 1792 SIMONS, Benjamin?No. 50 1763 (A) SIMONS, Daniel?in 1730 List at French Lodge at The Swan in Long Acre (Q.C.A., X, 159) SIMONS, Levy (b. 1766)?dealer and chapman, Gun Square, Houndsditch. Joined Hiram's 1789 SIMONS, Samuel?in 1730 List at Vine Tavern in Holborn (Q.C.A., X, 168) SIMONSON, Richard (b. 1763)?attorney, Poland Street. Made in British Lodge 1793 SIMPSON, David?No. 61, Great Grimsby 1811 (A) SIMPSON, Samuel?No. 49, Bath 1812 SMIELAN, Henry?gentleman, Joined Cale? donian 1793 SMITH, William (b. 1763)?linen draper, Comp ton Street, Soho. Made in Hiram's 1789 SOLOMON, Henry?No. 8, 1784 (A) SOLOMON, Henry (b. 1756)?color maker, Houndsditch. Joined Hiram's 1794 SOLOMON, Levi?No. 145, 1766 (A) SOLOMON, Lewis (b. 1776)?paper dyer and fancy hat and bonnet maker, Osborn Place, Brick Lane, Spitalfields. Made in Hiram's 1796 SOLOMON, Levi?Lodge 13 (1755) (A) SOLOMON, Moses?silversmith, Deal No. 29, 1812 (A) SPIERS, Samuel?poulterer. Made in Dundee Arms 1811 STEVEL, Isaac?No. 145, 1766 STRETTEL, Ralph?in 1725 List at King's Head, Salford (Q.C.A., X, 46) SUFFERSON, Jacob (b. 1766)?furrier, Cree church Lane. Made in Hiram's 1793 SYLVESTER, Charles Joseph (b. 1802)?gentle? man, Gloucester Street, Queen's Square. Initi? ated in Phoenix 1828 SYMON, John Peter (b. 1763), Esquire?Chelsea, made in Shakespeare between 1793 and 1795 SYMONDS, John (b. 1757)?attorney, Devonshire Street, Queen Square. Made in Jerusalem 1791 SYMONDS, Peter?Joined St. Alban's 1773 SYMONS, John?No. 74, Exeter 1771 (A) SYMONS, Samuel De?merchant, Billiter Square. Made in Moira 1812</page><page sequence="40">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 189 TAXEIRA (i.e. Texeira), Abraham, Esquire? made in Shakespeare 1776. One of block of names in Jerusalem scored through. See Raphael Franco TEDESCO, Angelo?admitted to Jacob's Ladder 1794 THOMPSON, Samuel (b. 1762)?mariner, Leadenhall Street. Joined Hiram's 1790 THUSET, Isaac?in 1725 List at Solomon's Temple, Hemming's Row (Q.C.A., X, 42). See Elie Besthelott TIDISKA, Angilo?proposed by (Joshua) Monte? fiore in Royal Naval as Joining Member 1796 TOBIAS, Isaac?watchmaker, Wapping. Made in Royal Naval 1805 TOBIAS, Isaac (?)?made in Moira 1813 TOBIAS, Meyer Isaac?made in Hiram's 1799 TOBIAS, Michael (b. 1773)?watchmaker, Wap? ping. Joined Royal Naval 1800 TOBIAS, Morrice [sic] (b. 1762)?watchmaker, Goodman's Fields. Joined Hiram's 1787 TOBIAS, Morris (b. 1763)?silversmith, Wapping Street. Joined Royal Naval 1796 TOLEDANO, Moses?marked 'withdrawn' in Hiram's TOSH, Isaac?No. 77, 1759 (A) TOVEY, Solomon?in 1725 list at Chester (Q.C.A., X, 38) TURK, Jacob?No. 35, 1754 (A) VALE, Isaac?stockbroker, 74 Bishopsgate Street. Made, aged 35, in Union, St. Catherine's near the Tower, 1800 VALENTINE, B. W.?attended Reconciliation from No. 68 (A) VALENTINE, Charles, Esquire?Clerkenwell Green. Admitted to Ortez 1811. See A.Q.C., XXIII, 62 and under index VALENTINE, Ely (b. 1753)?gentleman, Ports? mouth. Made in Tuscan 1783 [Elias Valentine signed Ascamoth in 1784 (Gaster, 157)] VALENTINE, Isaac Valentine?merchant, Ham? burgh. Made in Moira 1808 VALENTINE, Jos.?signed By-Laws of United City, c. 1786 VALLE, Lazarus?made in St. Albans 1775 VANDERVLIET, Abraham?merchant. Joined Caledonian 1776 VAN OVEN?See Oven, Joshua Van VENTURA, Isaac (b. 1758)?merchant. 117. The Minories. Joined United City 1782. Same name ?broker?joined Caledonian 1783 VENTURA, Joseph?gentleman. Made in Cale? donian 1782 VIRGO, Montague Wisdom (b. 1760)?gentle? man, Richmond. Joined Union Lodge of Freedom and Ease 1790 VIRGOE, Francis?poulterer, Carnaby Market. Joined Stewards' 1784 WAGG, John?merchant, Fenchurch Street. Made in Moira 1816 WALLACH, Lucas Samuel (b. 1776) -merchant, Cassel. Made in Emulation 1801 WILSON, William?No. 145, 1766 (A) WOLFE, Israel?No. 13, 1752 (A) WOLFE, William?in 1725 List at King's Head in Ivy Lane (Q.C.A., X, 23) WOLFF, Ernst?merchant, St. Mary Hill. Made in Moira 1816 WOOLEY, Abr?m (b. 1773)?vintner, Fleet Street. Made in Caledonian 1805 WULFF, Moses (b. 1777)?merchant, Hamburgh. Made in Emulation 1817 XIMENES, Abraham (b. 1762)?gentleman, St. Mary Axe. Made in United City 1786 XIMENES, Captain Moses (Sir Maurice) (b. 1762?Jewish Encyclopaedia)?visited Royal 1802 [See Picciotto, 303, 304] XIMENES, Francis (b. 1760)?gentleman, Jamaica. Made in United City 1782 XIMENEZ, Abraham?in 1723 List at Daniel's Coffee House, Lombard Street (Q.C.A., X, 188) YOUNG, Solomon de (b. 1775)?gentleman, Osbourne Street. Made in Hiram's 1802 ZACHARIA, Isaac?See Qacharaiar (A) ZACHARIAH, Levy (b. 1778)?navy agent, Portsmouth. Made in Hiram's 1802 ZAMIRA, Joseph?made in Hiram's 1799 ZANTZ, Moses?St. Alban's, probably before 1768 ZEELIGMANN [sic], Bernard?merchant. Made in Caledonian 1788 LODGES Absolom Lodge, Holland COSTA, Daniel Mendez Da (see also Antiquity 1777) Affability PHILLIPS, Henry (b. 1735) Antiquity 1777 BLANCH, Nathan 1721 (see also St. Paul's Head, Ludgate Street, 1730) HART, John 1721 1770 HART, Samuel 1739</page><page sequence="41">190 John M. Shafiesley SIMMONDS, Thomas (joined from Red Cross, Barbican) LYON, (see also Old Lodge) FRANKS, - ISAACS, Levi (visited and raised there) MOSES, Philip, sen. SIMMONDS, Joseph COSTE,Isaac la, jun. (see also Constitutional, 1768) DELVALLE (Delvalla), Isaac COSTE, Joseph de la (Hon. Member?joined later) ERGAS, Ralph COSTA, Daniel Mendez Da (see also Absolom, Holland) NANTES, Daniel (also J.G.W. of Grand Lodge South of Trent) BERG, Francis MENDES, David OVEN, Joshua Van SIMMONS, Joseph SHRIGLEY, William GOLDSMID, Henry GOLDSMID, James LYON, Benjamin LOUSADA, Isaac Baruch (? Candidate for Chapter of St. James) Bank of England POLLOCK, James HUFFAM, Joseph FISH (or Fysh), Benjamin GOULSTON, Joseph JACOBS, John Bath, No. 49 SIMPSON, Samuel Bear and Rummer DAVIES, David The Bell, York Street, Westminster, No. 92 SAMUELS, Charles CORTISSOZ (or CORDISSOZ) Emanuel (see also No. 8) Ben's Coffee House, New Bond Street DOVE, Benjamin Birmingham, No. 71 HARRIS, Alexander PHILIPS, James Black Posts, Great Wild Street BIELT, Isaac (Warden) Blue Boar, Fleet Street HICKMAN, Joseph Bricklayers' Arms, Barbican (removed to Rose in Cheapside) L'ESPINAS, Laurence PAPILLION, David BERNAL (BARNEL), Abraham CORTISSOS, Abraham 1761 1723 Bull, Westminster COLLINS, Nathaniel 1723 1745 DEVALLE, Daniel (Master) 1730 BARNALL, Abraham 1731 1746 (Barnal, Bernal) 1749 DOLPHUS, Benjamin 1732 1749 (see also Crown, Cripplegate 1731; 1749 Daniel's Coffee House 1731) 1768 Bristol, No. 162 JOSEPH, Mathias (see also Haverfordwest 1775 No. 59 1812) 1776 British GOLDSMITH, John Barrow 1783 1776 DAVIS, Nathaniel 1785 1777 SIMONSON, Richard 1793 1778 British Social DOCURA, Gamaliel 1802 HARRIS, Joseph 1807 1782 ELLIS, Nathaniel 1810 1785 1792 1792 1803 Caermarthen, No. 158 1813 LEMON, Francis (J.W.) 1813 VJ ' 1813 Caerphilly, No. 126 1820 LEVY, Barnet 1813 Caledonian MULLER, Ephraim Gottlieb 1766 1790 (Secretary) 1793 COSTE, P. B. de la 1771 1794 HEYMAN, Henry 1771 1805 VANDERVLIET, Abraham 1776 1807 MEYER, John 1777 HAES, Andrew Levy de 1779 ,o19 KROHN, Jacob 1781 NANTES, Daniel 1781 BAUMHAUER, William Jacob 1782 1753 FRIES, Simon Isaac De 1782 KOHN, George Lewis 1782 LEVY, Angelo 1782 PRADO, Isaac Van Joseph 1782 SHABRACQ, Joseph 1782 (see also Mourning Bush 1773) VENTURA, Joseph 1782 1723 LINDO, Isaac 1783 MOSELY, John 1783 . 7fin VENTURA, Isaac 1783 ? D'ALMEIDA, Joseph 1783 or 84 1/bU LINDO, Moses 1783/84 MORIN, Amant between 1783 and 84 NUNES, Abraham 1783 or 84 (see also United City) COHEN, Samuel 1784 NORDEN, Abraham 1784 DAVIS, Moses 1785 HERTZ, Moses 1785 1730 LEWIS, John 1785 1730 MEYER, Joseph Hart, M.D. 1785 1730 REIS, Heyman 1785 1730 SALABA, Joseph 1785</page><page sequence="42">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 191 COHEN, Hyman (see also Union, Jamaica 1797 and Jamaica 1796) DABBADIE, Joseph Daniel NANTES, Henry William PIFARD, David BERKEMEYER, Bernard Philip CASTELLO, Moses Nunes LINDO, Benjamin NUNES, Phineas MUZIO, Angelo SAMSON, Michael, jun ZEELIGMANN, Bernard BURGERACKE, Emanuel DELAVILLE, George Blake ISAACS, George (see also Hiram's 1793) ISAACS, Michael (see also Hiram's 1793) ABRAHAMS, Baron LEVY, Lyon ABRAHAMS, Solomon LEVY, Samuel LEVYS, Philip SMIELAN, Henry CERTON, Henry Gabriel CHUMASERO, Isaac Mendes DANIELS, Joseph Elkan LUCAS, Nathaniel, jun. MINET, Joseph BEDFORD, Michael MEDINA, Ferdinand de KEYSER, Solomon EGER, Levin HEINE, Meyer KEYSER, Isaac LEVIN, James NIRDEN, Ruben PHILIPSON, L. A. (or S. A.) ROZAS, S. C. SALOMONS, Pincus BALMAN, William COHEN, David Benjamin LEVIN, William OPPENHEIM, Suzkind Hersch FRIEDMAN, Lazarus GOLDSCHMIDT, Banie LEVIN, Bernard Bendix LEVY, Solomon Abraham METZ, Simon (y) OPPENHEIMER, Isay ROBINSON, Marcus HART, Aaron Henry MEYER, A. H. KEYSER, Jacob LUCAS, Robert OPPENHEIM, Wulff WOOLEY, Abram SANDAU, Barnard Van HERTWITZ, Simon Wolfe DEE, Abraham BENJAMIN, Nathaniel (b. 1786) 1786 BENJAMIN, Int(?), John (b. 1790) 1811 OPPENHEIM, Solomon 1812 i 7?fi The Cannon, Water Lane, Fleet Street Jjjjjj ANDERZUIF, Abraham (Founder) 1751 1786 Canongate, Kilvening, No. 2 1787 FRAZER, Benjamin de Wold 1840 1787 (see also Shakespeare) 1787 * 7?7 Castle and Faulkon in Chester \t%L BENJAMIN, Richard 1725 j7gg MASSEY, Robert 1725 1788 Castle Lodge of Harmony 1789 COHEN, Andrew Levi 1782 1789 COHEN, Jacob (b. 1761) 1809 1789 DAVIS, Angeli 1812 COHEN, Isaac 1817 1789 Charleston, South Carolina, No. 92 17qn COSTA, ISAAC Da 1761 j79Q PIMENTO, Moses 1761 1791 ? Chester 1791 TOVEY, Solomon 1725 Chichester, No. 35 }? SAMUELS, Samuel 1812 j7gg (see also 370, Ireland) 1796 City (at the Angel) 1796 ABRAMS, John (J. W. 1773) 1772 1796 (see also Strongman 1783) 1797 17Q7 C?al H?h, Fountain Court, Strand BARNETT, Samuel 1801 Concord, Plymouth Dock 1801 COWAN, Alexander, Davenport 1784 1801 (Founder and first J.W.) JjjJJJ Constitutional ?^ COSTE, Isaac La, jun. 1768 ?X (see also Antiquity 1768) loUl 1801 Cordiality 1802 BENJAMIN, Abraham !ono Cross Keys, Henrietta Street JjJJS DISPIGNAL, Samuel 1730 BENNETT, John 1757 ?Xo (see also St. David's, Bear's Paw 1756) 1803 Crown &amp; Anchor, nr. St. Clement's Church 1803 JACOBS, Alexander 1723 1803 MEARS, William 1723 1803 MEIRS, William 1730 1 ftO*-? i qt\a Crown behind Royal Exchange on! KNEESHA, Samuel 1723 J?t PHILLIPS, Joseph 1723 J?~? ADOLPHUS, Michael 1730 lon^ (see ak? Swan and Rummer 1731) \?1 ADOLPHUS, Benjamin 1731 J?~j (see also Daniel's Coffee House, 1731; Rose, Cheapside 1732) 1808 Crown and Sceptre, St. Martin's Lane 1809 LEDOUBLE, Abraham 1730</page><page sequence="43">192 John M. Shaftesley MANIC AU, Abraham 1730 PHILLIPSON, - 1730 DanieVs Coffee House, No. 84 ALVARES, Jacob (see also Swan and Rummer) XIMENEZ, Abraham 1723 BARUCH, Isaac 1730 DOLPHUS, Benjamin 1730 MEDINA, Abraham de 1730 MENDEZ, Solomon 1730 MOUNTFORD, Solomon 1730 ADOLPHUS, Benjamin 1731 (see also Crown Cripplegate 1731, Rose, Cheapside 1732) MEDINA, Abraham De 1731 Dick's Coffee House, Strand DABADE (D'Abbadie) 1723 Dolphin in Tower Street CHITTY, Isaac DELUZE, Benjamin 1723 DIOSE, James 1723 LEWIS, Joshua 1723 Domatic BARNETT, Lewis 1785 (see also United Mariners' 1800 and Judah) LEVY, Samuel (present) 1785 MURPHY, John (present) 1785 LEVY, Samuel (see also No. 221) 1786 Druids, Redruth ABRAHAM, Solomon 1770 Dundee Arms BALMAIN, David 1784 LARA, Moses 1785 JACOBS, Samuel 1786 MESSER, Benjamin 1788 COHEN, Lewis 1789 MASSIAS, Isaac de Piza 1789 JACOBS, Gabriel 1801 LYON, Edward 1807 BECKMAN, Jacob Borres 1808 HART, Abraham 1808 SAMUEL, Moses 1808 ROSE, Nathaniel 1811 SPIERS, Samuel 1811 BARINK, Simon 1813 Economy at Salutation &amp; Cat, Newgate Street CAHAIS, Solomon 1764 AARONS, Joseph (visited) 1805 AARONS, Lyons (visited) 1805 AARONS, Moses (visited) 1805 Emulation BLUMENTHAL, J. H. (b. 1746) 1772 MAYER, John Benj. 1772 MYERS, Albert 1772 BRANDON, James 1778 CASSEL, David (b. 1776) 1801 JONGE, Isaac Jones de 1801 WALLACH, Lucas Samuel 1801 RINDSKOPF, Nahum Ber 1802 ROTHSCHILD, Nathan Meyer 1802 SALOMONS, Aaron Moses 1802 BARNARD, Philip 1808 JARRENT, Samuel 1808 HAAS, Selig Lehman 1817 WULFF, Moses 1817 Enoch ADOLPHUS, Simon ABRAHAMS, Abraham (mentioned) 1771 AYCHBOURN, John Hermon 1771 COERLANDER OR COURLANDER, Juda Jacob 1771 EEsperance COSTA, Isaac Mendez Da 1821 Exeter, No. 74 SYMONS,John 1771 Felicity ISAACS, Joseph MORSE, William PHILLIPS,- 1795 BOSS, Jacob 1810 DUPLESSIS, John Simon 1812 Fortitude ABRAHAMS, Abraham 1771 LYON, Benjamin 1776 DAVISON, Bernard 1777 COHEN, Jacob Hewit (b. 1761) 1791 ROFE, Samuel 1803 TYSEN, William 1803 HALFORD, William 1811 Fraternal ABRAHAMS, Abraham (b. 1772) 1792 Freemason*s Coffee House, New Belton Street CHAUMETTE, Isaac de DUPRE, Louis Friendly, Newgate Street LEVY, Moses Jacob 1802 Friendship HART, Henry (attended Reconciliation as Master) BARNETT, Charles 1792 (see also Somerset House 1785) George, Charing Cross COURTEVILLE, Raphael 1723 MONTFORD, JAMES 1723 George, Piccadilly BENNETT, David 1753 (see also Star &amp; Garter, Panton Street, 1754) Globe Tavern SIMMONDS, Humphrey 1767 Goat, foot of the Haymarket FOISEAU, Abraham 1730</page><page sequence="44">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 193 MASSIOT, Gaml. 1730 ANCELO, Joseas 1731 Godolphin, Scilly Islands BECHTEL, John Abraham Golden Lyon, Dean Street LOFTUS, Mich(ael) Adolphus 1725 Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Church Yard HART, John 1723 Grand Lodge, South of Trent NANTES, Daniel (J.G.W.) (see also Antiquity 1778) BASS, Samuel (Deputy Grand Master) 1779 (see also Ortez 1775) Grand Stewards' (see also Stewards') BARDO,-jun. 1729 BARDO,-sen. 1729 CHARMES, Simon De 1737 BARRET, Isaac 1738 (see also Gun Tavern, Jermyn St.) FRANCO, Raphael (Treasurer of Board) 1777 (see also Somerset House 1776, St. Albans 1774, Shakespeare 1775) FRANCO, Francis (President of Board) 1780 (see also St. Albans 1775) BARNETT, Richard 1796 (see also Strong Man 1783) ANGELO, Henry, jun. 1802 (President of Board) (see also Somerset House 1801) Great Grimsby, No. 61 SIMPSON, David 1811 Great Prescot Street BILISARIO, Aaron M. 1815-20 Green Lettuce, Brownloe Street GYENES, Joseph (Warden) 1725 Grenadiers' DAVIS, David 1769 HARRIS, David 1799 HART, John 1779 Greyhound in Fleet Street CHAPMAN, Samuel 1723 Griffin, Newgate Street KECK, Samuel 1723 Gun Tavern, Jermyn Street BARRET, Isaac (see also Grand Stewards' 1738) Half Moon, Cheapside LEICESTER, Joseph 1730 Haverfordwest, No. 59 JOSEPH, Mathias 1812 (see also Bristol, No. 162) LEMON, Francis 1812 (see also Caermarthen, No. 158) MIERS, Moses 1812 Highgate BAMBERGER, Louis, sen. (Senior P.M.) Hiram's BARUH, Daniel CERF, John (b. 1746) COHEN, Godfrey A. (see also Moira 1807) COPEMAN, Louis CORDOZA, Jacob H. (b. 1755) COSTA, Jacob M. da DAVIS, Michael (b. 1748) GRAY, William MARTIN, Isaac RODRIQUES, David TOLEDANO, Moses (withdrawn) COOPMAN, Isaac 1774 LEVY, Jacob before 1781 ANODGER, Israel (b. 1758) 1781 BENQUIS, Joseph (b. 1715) 1781 BENQUIS, Solomon (noted as 'withdrawn') 1781 CARDOZA, J. H. (b. 1756) 1781 CORDOZA, Moses H. 1781 HASAN, Josiah (withdrawn) 1781/2 LEVY, Joshua (withdrawn) 1781 NETTO, Phinoas 1781 PERES, Isaac 1781 SILVA, Abraham de (b. 1759) 1781 ESPINOSA (or ESPINOZA), Moses 1782 JOACHIM, Naphtally 1782 MONTFORD, Adam 1782 LEVY, Moses (b. 1754) before 1783 COHEN, Mestrod (b. 1748) 1783 FILLUS, Menahem 1783 HANBRIDGE, Thomas 1783 LEO, Luis 1784 MENDES, Mordecai 1785 BARNETT, Abraham (b. 1733) 1786 BENJAMIN, Abraham 1786 COHEN, Phillip (b. 1759) 1786 COURLAND, Elia Jacob 1786 DIAS, Daniel 1786 GEATOSEX, Thomas 1786 HIGGINS, James 1786 HYAMS, Moses (withdrawn 1782) 1786 LEVY, Jacob Joachem 1786 MORDECAI, Saul (b. 1754) 1786 ASHER, Benjamin (b. 1764) 1787 BREARLY, James (b. 1733) 1787 ISAACS, Isaac 1787 LEVY, Lyon (b. 1754) 1787 MENDOZA, Daniel 1787 or 88 POLACK, Abraham Judah 1787 REDMAN, Samuel 1787 RICHE, Jacob 1787 TOBIAS, Morrice 1787 HYAMS, Joseph 1788 LEVY, Mordecai 1788 MAGNUS, Moses 1788 PIERCE, - (b. 1759) 1788 ALEXANDER, Joseph (b. 1756) 1789 COOLEY, Daniel (b. 1767) 1789</page><page sequence="45">194 lohn M. Shaftesley GOMEZ, Antony 1789 HARRIS, Isaac 1789 JONES, Isaac 1789 JOSEPH, Hyam 1789 LEVY, Jacob (b. 1753) 1789 MARKS, Samuel 1789 SIMONS, Levy 1789 SMITH, William 1789 THOMPSON, Samuel 1790 ASHER, Joseph (b. 1770) 1791 FRIEDEBURG, Benjamin 1791 JOEL, Coleman 1791 JOSEPH, Isaac 1791 LAZARUS, Aaron 1791 LAZARUS, Jacob 1791 LEVY, Benjamin 1791 LEVY, Isaac Gedken 1791 LYON, Saul 1791 MOSES, Richard 1791 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1766) 1791 POLACK, Solomon 1791 BARUGH, Simon 1792 DANIELS, Moses 1792 JACOBS, Samuel 1792 JOSEPH, Solomon 1792 LEE, Isaac 1792 LEON, Henry 1792 NATHAN, Henry (b. 1766) 1792 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1764) 1792 RAPHAEL, Ralph 1792 AARON, Elias (b. 1750) 1793 COHEN, Henry 1793 ISAACS, George 1793 (see also Caledonian 1789) ISAACS, Michael (b. 1761) 1793 (see also Caledonian 1789) JACOBS, Henry (b. 1737) 1793 JACOBS, Jacob 1793 LEVY, Jacob (b. 1766) 1793 MILLBANK, William 1793 MOLLER, Israel 1793 SUFFERSON, Jacob 1793 ASPURNE, James 1794 COHEN, Philip, jun. (b. 1767) 1794 COSTA, Abraham da 1794 HART, Abraham (b. 1756) 1794 ISAAC, Michael, jun. (b. 1771) 1794 JACOBS, Isaac (b. 1762) 1794 LIGHTUP, George 1794 SOLOMON, Henry (b. 1756) 1794 HARRIS, Joseph (b. 1763) 1795 MOSES, David (b. 1768) 1795 AARONS, Lewis 1796 ABRAHAMS, Daniel 1796 ARTOL, - 1796 ASHMEAD, Samuel 1796 DOVE, Michael 1796 HALL, Richard 1796 JACOBS, Nathan (b. 1772) 1796 LYON, Lewis 1796 NATHAN, Henry, jun. (b. 1768) 1796 SOLOMON, Lewis 1796 ABRAHAMS, Benjamin 1797 BARNETT, Andrew (b. 1733) 1797 ISAACS, Abraham 1797 NATHAN, Nathaniel (b. 1761) 1797 GARCIA, Daniel Moses 1798 HARRIS, Abraham 1798 HYAMS, Levy 1798 ISH JEMINI, Solomon Mordecai 1798 JACOBS, Nathan 1798 LAZARUS, Leon 1798 SCHWAB, Philip 1798 SILVEIRA, Raphael de Sax 1798 ABRAHAMS, Michael 1799 (as J.W. attended Reconciliation) ALEXANDER, Solomon 1799 BENJAMIN, Benjamin 1799 CARDOZO, SAMUEL 1799 (see also Moira 1807) EZEKIEL, Moses 1799 HARRIS, Edward 1799 JACOBS, Henry 1799 LEVY, Moses 1799 TOBIAS, Meyer Isaac 1799 ZAMIRA, Joseph 1799 ABRAHAMS, Jacob 1800 BELISARIO, Aaron Mendes 1801 (see also Moira 1802) BRANDON, Joseph (b. 1776) 1801 CARDOZA, Samuel Nunes 1801 (Cardorso or Cardozo) (see also Moira 1815) COSTA, Joshua Mendes Da, jun. 1801 FRANCK, Joseph Mendel 1801 HART, Jacob 1801 HARRIS, Meyer 1801 MORLEY, Francis 1801 MOSES, Henry 1801 NATHAN, Barnet 1801 (attended Reconciliation as Master) NATHAN, Nathan 1801 PASS, David 1801 ANDRADE, Benjamin 1802 BRANDON, David (b. 1762) 1802 BRANDON, Jacob Da Fonseca 1802 COSTA (or CUNHA), Abraham Mendes Da 1802 COSTA, Jacob Da 1802 (see also Moira 1803) CURRY, Moses 1802 DIAS, Daniel (b. 1765) 1802 EMMANUEL, Lazarus 1802 GARCIA, Abraham Rodriques 1802 GARCIA, Daniel Moses 1802 HART, Moses 1802 HENRIQUES, David 1802 HINTZEN, John Ludolf 1802 KISCH, Benjamin 1802 KRUSE, Frederick 1802 LEV, Moridt 1802 LOUSADA, Moses Baruch 1802 MOSES, Abraham 1802 PHILLIPS, Philip (b. 1772) 1802</page><page sequence="46">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 195 SAMUDA, Abraham 1802 SAMUDA, Jacob 1802 YOUNG, Solomon de 1802 ZAGHARIAH, Levy 1802 BRAVO, Moses 1803 (see also Moira 1804) CORTISSOS, Abraham Haim 1803 HART, Lyon 1803 or 04 LOUS ADA, Aaron 1803 PHILLIPS, Abraham 1803 SHANNON, Abram 1803 JOHNSON, Moses 1804 LOUIS, Noah Edward 1804 ADDISON, Mark 1805 BUSHELL, Thomas 1805 CHILDREN, George 1805 COHEN, Godfrey Alexander 1805 (see also Moira 1807) COHEN, Judah 1805 (see also Moira 1807) DAVISON, Meyer 1805 FIERMAN, Trunis 1805 HANDER, Nathan Lehmann 1805 LEVI, Israel 1805 LEVY, Angelo, jun. 1805 PHILLIPS, Lawrence 1805 ROEYER, Bernard 1805 SAMUEL, David Moses 1805 SAMUEL, Isaac 1805 SAMUELL, Simon 1805 SEBAG, S. 1805 LEVIN, Meyer 1806 PHILIPS, Samuel 1806 Horn Tavern HICKMAN, Nathaniel 1723 Horse Shoe &amp; Last BARRETT, Benjamin 1759-60 Hythe, Lodge at (now Prince Edwin's) GOMPERTZ, Simon (J.W.) 1807 HANNIFORD, Samuel (S.W.) 1807 LEVI, Abraham (W.M.) 1807 Israel, No. 280 (now No. 205) AARON, Moses (mentioned) 1794 BEYFUS, G. P. (attended Reconciliation as S.W. pro temp.) GOLDSMITT, Michael (attended Reconciliation as S.W.) JACOBS, Samuel (attended Reconciliation as Master) LEVYSON, M. MEYER, Jacob (attended Reconciliation) MEYER, Michael (attended Reconciliation) MYERS, Michael (attended Reconciliation) SAMUEL, M. (attended Reconciliation) SAMUEL, Sampson (see also Joppa) SAMUEL, Samuel (attended Reconciliation) COHEN, Philip 1793 ABRAHAMS, Abraham 1794 (Steward and Founder?relieved 1804) Jacob's Ladder MESURIER, Isaac le 1790 MELLOR, Samuel 1791 MORIENGOURT, Joseph Salvador 1791 D'ABBADIE, Michael 1794 TEDESCO, Angelo 1794 Jamaica BELISARIO, Moses (Third Provincial Grand Master of Jamaica) COHEN, Hyman (Prov. J.G.W.) 1796 (see also Caledonian 1786 and Union, Jamaica 1796) ADOLPHUS, Simon (Jamaica Grand Master) (joined from Enoch) 1809 BRAVO, Moses (J.G.W.) 1817 DELGADO, Moses (Prov.S.G.D.) 1817 Jerusalem, Clerkenwell POLLOCK, Joseph FRANCO, Raphael (scored through) (between 1773 and 77 or 1785 and 87) SEQUEIRA (scored through) (between 1773 and 77 or 1785 and 87) TAXEIRA, Abraham (scored through) (between 1773 and 77 or 1783 and 87) MOUNTIGUE, Benjamin 1778 DELVALLE, Joseph 1780 LINDO, Isaac 1782 ANEYER, John (b. 1750) 1786 SYMONDS,John 1791 ELLIS, John 1792 HARRIS, William (b. 1772) 1808 (see also Ortez 1811) DIAS, Isaac 1810 DYAS (DIAS), Isaac 1810 GARCIA, - 1810 Joppa BARNETT, - (visited United Mariners 1801) BENJAMIN, Abraham (visited United Mariners 1828-9) BENJAMIN, Asher (attended Reconcilia? tion as Master of Joppa) COHEN, Barnard (see also Kent No. 15, 1803-04) NATHAN, Israel (attended Reconciliation) SAMUEL, Sampson (see also Lodge of Israel) SIMMONDS, Emanuel (attended Recon? ciliation) Judah, No. 221 LEVY, Samuel (see also Domatic 1785 and 1786) MAGNUS, Henry (attended Reconciliation as Master) MURPHY, John (see also Domatic 1785) NATHAN, Nath. (attended Reconciliation) BARNETT, - (visited Kent Lodge 1802-04)</page><page sequence="47">196 John M. Shqftesley BARNETT, L. 1800 (visited United Mariners' in 1785) (see also Domatic 1785) BARRETT, - (visited Temperance 1806) Kent, No. 15 BARNETT, - 1802-04 (see also Judah) COHEN, Bernard (visited) 1803 and 04 King's Arms, Ludgate Hill FONSEAU (FONSECA?), Isaac 1730 King's Arms in New Bond Street ANSELL, Simon 1730 (see also Lion in Brewer Street, 1725) HALPEN, Mark 1730 MONTFORD, Joseph 1730 King's Arms, Punch House ALEXANDER, Daniel (Asher) 1789 King's Arms, St. Margaret's Hall, Southwark MAW, Simon 1730 King's Bench Prison, Southwark, No. 35 A ALEXANDER, Daniel 1754 BENNETT, John 1754 King's Head, Ivy Lane WOLFE, William 1725 King's Head, Pall Mall RENIER 1725 King's Head, Salford STRETTEL, Ralph 1725 Lion in Brewer Street ANSELL, Simon 1725 (see also King's Arms, New Broad Street, 1730) Little Queen Street BECKMAN, Jacob Borres 1810 (see also Dundee Arms 1808 and Mansell Street 1808) Liverpool, No. 25 ISAACS, Solomon 1764 Liverpool, No. 53 SAMUEL, Ralph 1794 Love and Honour BENJAMIN, Isaac 1755 (made Honorary Member 'for his long and diligent services' 1787) BENJAMIN, Wolf 1786 Maid's Head, Norwich FFRANKE, Ffra 1725 Manchester, No. 39 LYONS, Edward 1755 Mansel Street CASTRO, Daniel de 1776 (see also United City 1781) BEGKMAN, Jacob Borres 1808 (see also Dundee Arms 1808 and Little Queen Street 1810) Marquis of Granby, Canterbury, No. 24 MORDEGAI, Mark RUBENS, Jacob MOSES, David HART, Joseph (Jacob) (see also No. 400, Ireland) Marseilles, No. 115 (Atholl) CRUSE, Gabriel da la 1763 PIMENTO, Isaac 1763 Mitre Tavern, Covent Garden CHAUVELT, - 1725 HART,- 1725 Mitre at Reading COLLINS, Joseph 1725 Moira DIAS, Richard 1797 BELISARIO, Aaron Mendes 1802 (see also Hiram's 1801) COSTA, J. M. De, jun. 1802 CASTRO, D. I. de 1803 COSTA, Jacob Da 1803 (see also Hiram's 1802) COSTA, Moses Mendes Da 1803 MYERS, Jacob 1803 SAMUDA, Abraham 1803 ANDRADE, Moses 1804 BRAVO, Moses 1804 (see also Hiram's 1803) GARCIA, David 1804 LEVY, Israel 1805 BELISARIO, Solomon 1806 FERNANDEZ, David Dias 1806 AGUILAR, Emanuel (b. 1786) 1807 BORROW, Simon 1807 CARDOZO, Samuel 1807 (see also Hiram's 1799) COHEN, Edward 1807 COHEN, Godfrey A. 1807 (see also Hiram's) COHEN, Godfrey Alexander 1807 (see also Hiram's 1805) COHEN, Judah 1807 (see also Hiram's 1805) COHEN, Judah 1807 PHILLIPS, Barnett 1807 GOLDSMID, Simeon 1808 VALENTINE, Isaac Valentine 1808 HARRIS, Joshua Levy 1809 FERNANDEZ, Daniel Dias 1810 HERTZE, Moses Jacob 1810 LEMON, Morris Michel 1810 PHILLIPS, Joshua Lyon 1810 SAALING, L. 1811 BELISARIO, David 1812 COHEN, Benjamin 1812 COHEN, Emanuel 1812 1806 or 07 1807 1808</page><page sequence="48">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 197 COHEN, Isaac 1812 COSTA, Moses Lindo Da 1812 FALK, Liebman 1812 GOLDSMID, Moses Asher 1812 HYAMS, Peter 1812 LEVI, Solomon Jacob 1812 LIEBMAN, Joseph 1812 LIEFMAN, David 1812 MEIR, Ferdinand 1812 MONTEFIORE, Sir Moses 1812 MYER, Myer Solomon 1812 OPPENHEIM, Mendel W. 1812 SYMONS, Samuel de 1812 ABRAHAM, Myer 1813 BEHRENS, Solomon L. 1813 BRAVO, Jacob 1813 CAHIS, Samuel D. 1813 GUTTERES, Moses 1813 HENRIQUES, Aaron 1813 LINDO, Isaac 1813 (see also Union 1813) LOUSADA, Daniel B. 1813 TOBIAS, Isaac (?) 1813 COHEN, Andrew 1814 JOSEPH, Simeon 1814 SCHLESINGER, M. P. 1814 ABITOBEL, Moses 1815 ALMOSNINO, Solomon 1815 BENHAMER, Abraham 1815 BRAVO, Joseph Gutteres 1815 CARDOZA, Samuel Nunes 1815 (Cardorso or Cardozo) (see also Hiram's and Swans) CASTRO, Hananel 1815 BENZ AQU EEN (BENZ AKEN), Jacob 1816 GOTTHEIMER, Henry 1816 LEVIN, Henry John 1816 PASS, Daniel 1816 WAGG, John 1816 WOLFF, Ernst 1816 FRANCO, Joaquin 1817 LINDO, Raphael 1817 BARCH, Joseph 1818 COSTA, Hananel Da 1818 FRIEDMAN, John 1818 HART, Joseph 1818 MITCHELL, Michael 1818 PHILLIPS, Henry 1818 AZEVEDO, Moses Cohen d' 1819 BAMBERGER, Hirsch 1820 ELKIN, Mozely 1821 LEIDERSDORF, David 1821 LOWE, Jacob Ludwig 1821 ? LOWE, James Lewis 1821 CARDOZO, Daniel 1823 COSTA, J. Mendes Da 1823 LINDO, Solomon 1827 POZNANSKI, Leonard 1835 Mount Coffee House, Grosvenor Street DESPAIGNOL, Samuel 1730 MILLER, Jacob 1730 Mourning Bush SEQUEIRA, Dr. - 1773 SHABR ACQ, Joseph 1773 (see also Caledonian 1782) Nag's Head and Star, Caermarthen PHILLIPS, James 1725 SAMUEL, William 1725 or 26 Neptune ABRAHAMS, Barney 1831 Newcastle-under-Lyme, No. 109 JACOBS, Isaac 1765 SAMUEL, Ralph 1765 (see also No. 75 (72nd Regiment of Foot)) Nine Muses AGUILAR, James Norwich, No. 149 ANGELL, Abraham 1767 Oak ABRAHAMS, Emanuel 1790 ABRAHAMS, Henry 1790 Old Devil, Temple Bar CRUSE, James de la 1723 FRANK, Francis 1734 Old Dundee, No. 18 SCHOMBURG, Ralph, M.D. 1744 JACOBS, Robert 1754 MANNICA, Joseph 1754 BARNETT, - 1755 Old King's Arms BERG, Francis 1782 ADOLPH, J. E. T. 1786 DAVIS, Benjamin 1791 BACHAYER, Michael 1801 BARUCH, Samuel S. 1807 Old Lodge {? St. John) LYON, - (see also Antiquity 1746) One Tun, Noble Street G?RDEN, Simon 1730 HARRIS, Joseph 1730 HARRIS, Moses 1730 Ortez BASS, Samuel 1775 (see also G.L. South of Trent, 1779) GOLDING, Samuel 1781 BARS, Samuel 1788 HAES, Andrew de 1792 COSTA, Ha. Joseph Da 1808 (P.G.M. for Rutland 1813; Grand Scribe for Foreign Correspondence 1823) HARRIS, William (b. 1772) 1811 (see also Jerusalem 1808) VALENTINE, Charles 1811 Oxford Arms DEVALE, Daniel 1730</page><page sequence="49">198 John M. Shaftesley Peace and Harmony DAVIS, Isaac 1785 DAVID, Abraham 1786 HARRIS, William (b. 1757) 1791 RODRIQUES, Abraham Saul 1802 Peace and Plenty (Horseleydown Lane) ABRAHAMS, Abraham (b. 1757) 1800 Phoenix BLOOMFIELD, Samuel 1786 HEY, Isaac 1786 DAVIS, David 1791 SYLVESTER, Charles Joseph 1828 RIES, SAMUEL 1838 Portsmouth, No. 68 ABRAHAM, John 1761 DAVIS, Samuel (excluded) 1761 Prince Edwin's, Hythe?see Hythe, Lodge at Prince Eugene's Head Coffee House DEMERE, - 1730 Prince of Wales PHILLIPS, John (1748) 1788 LUCAS, Benjamin 1789 LYONS, Robert 1789 PORTO, Rev. Moses 1790 BARUH, Emanuel 1791 SASTRES, Francis 1792 FRANCO, Jacob 1800 Prince of Wales's Head, Rag Fair AROBUS, Solomon 1763 Prudence DAVID (DAVIS?), Henry 1786 Queen's Arms, Newgate Street BARDO,-sen. 17? BUSHELL, Isaac 1730 Queen's Head, Bath BUSH, Samuel 1725 Queen's Head, Great Queen Street MASSEY, Abraham 1725 Queen's Head, Knaves Acre RAYNOR, Abraham 1723 Rainbow Coffee House in York Buildings BABUT, Jacob 1730 Red Cross, Barbican SIMMONDS, Thomas (see also Antiquity 1745) Rower Barge, Georges Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia ANCELL, William 1757 Royal FRANCIS,- 1777 AGUILAR, Hon. Baron D' 1778 (Ephraim Lopez Pereira) D'ALMEIDA, Joseph 1778 (see also Shakespeare Lodge 1767) DALMEIDA, William 1778 FRANCO, Raphael 1778 (see also St. Alban's 1774, Shakespeare 1775, Somerset House 1776, Grand Stewards' 1777) DEL VALLE, (Lazarus?) (visited) 1779 FRANCO, Jacob 1779 LARA, Abraham 1779 (see also Shakespeare 1772) LOPEZ, Manassa 1779 SENIOR, A. 1780 LINDO, Elias 1781 (see also St. Albans 1774) FRANCO, John 1783 FRANKS, John 1783 LOUSADA, E. Baruh 1784 DALMEIDA, P. T. 1785 AGUILAR, Abraham 1786 (see also Royal Naval 1783) BARUCH-LOUSADA, E. 1792 BURG, Ishmael 1793 (petition for relief read) XIMENES, Captain Moses 1802 (Sir Maurice) (visited) Royal Naval AGUILAR, Jos. D' 1774 AGUILAR, Abraham 1786 (see also Royal 1786) COSTA, Moses Gomez da 1796 MONTEFIORE, Jacob 1796 MONTEFIORE, Joshua (b. 1766) 1796 TIDISKA, Angelo 1796 TOBIAS, Morris 1796 TOBIAS, Michael 1800 BENJAMIN, John (b. 1770) 1802 COHEN, Lyon (b. 1767) 1802 JACOBS, Jacob (b. 1768) 1804 CASTELLO, - (b. 1773) 1805 PEREZ, Joseph 1805 PHILLIPS, Benjamin 1805 TOBIAS, Isaac 1805 JOEL, Pass (?Gass) Isaac 1806 CAVALHO,Josh 1807 FISH, Reuben 1807 JACOBS, Gabriel (b. 1765) 1807 DAVIS, Elias John 1808 DIAS, Francis 1808 Rummer's, Charing Cross SHERIGLEY, - (Warden) 1723 SHRIGLEY, Abraham 1725 Rutland COSTA, Ha. Joseph Da. Prov.G.M. 1813 St. Albans HART, Isaac before 1768 ZANTZ, Moses before 1768 SEQUEIRA, Dr. - 1773 SYMONDS, Peter 1773 FRANCO, Jacob 1774 FRANCO, Raphael 1774 (see also Shakespeare 1775, Somerset</page><page sequence="50">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 199 House 1776, Grand Stewards' 1777, Royal 1778) LINDO, Elias 1774 (see also Royal 1781) PEREIRA (Perreyra) 1774 FRANCO, Francis 1775 (see also Grand Stewards' 1730) VALLE, Lazarus 1775 St. David's, Bear's Paw, No. 54 A BARNETT, Emanuel 1756 (see also No. 12, 1758) BENNETT, John 1756 (see also Cross Keys 1757) St. George &amp; Corner Stone BARNETT, Isaac 1793 St. George de L'Observance DAVID(S), - (Secretary) 1777 &amp; 78 St. Gyle's FRANCIA, Joseph 1730 St. James Chapter BARUCH-LOUSADA, Isaac 1820 (see also Antiquity) St. Lukes ELLIS, Benjamin (attended Reconciliation as J.W. of St. Lukes) St. Paul's Head, Ludgate Street BLANCH, Nathan 1730 (see also Antiquity 1721) SAMPSON, Joseph 1730 SANDERS, Abraham 1730 Sash &amp; Cocoa Tree ALVARES, Isaac 1731 DEL VALLE (Dalvalle or Devalle) Daniel 1731 Shakespear (misspelt in the Rosenbaum list as 'Shakespeare') PHILLIPS, Leonard 1759 PAIBA, Jacob de 1765 FRANKS, Naphthali 1766 MINORS, Jacob 1766 D'ALMEIDA, Joseph 1767 (see also Royal Lodge 1778) MINORS, Isaac 1767 DEVALLE, Abraham 1772 LARA, Abraham 1772 (see also Royal 1779) SEQUEIRA, Dr. Isaac 1772 FRANCO, Raphael 1775 (see also St. Albans 1774, Somerset House 1776, Grand Stewards' 1777, Royal 1778) TAXEIRA, Abraham 1776 (see also Jerusalem) FISHER, Dr. Abraham 1777 MINORS, Daniel 1778 NUNES, A. F. after 1786 PRAGER, Mark, sen. 1788 PRAGER, Mark (b. 1765) 1788 SYMON, John Peter between 1793 &amp; 95 MELLISH, Thomas 1801 FERNANDEZ, David Smith 1804 MESURIER, Frederick le 1805 SAMSON, Henry Morse (?Capt) 1807 SALOMONSON, Edward Waley 1833 FRAZER, Benjamin de Wolf 1840 (see also Canongate, Kilvenning) HEINEMANN, Lewis 1858 Ship behind Royal Exchange MORRIS, Jonas 1723 SHARIGLEY, Abraham 1725 DEMEZA, Isaac 1730 MASSIA,John 1730 MICHEAR, Isaac 1730 SIMONS, Daniel 1730 Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall COHEN, P. 1767 Ship without Temple Bar SIMMONDS, Rev. Mr. - 1725 HAYNES, Joseph 1730 Ship and Anchor, Spittlefields DISRA(E)L, John circa 1752 Sincerity ASCHER, P. (S.W. of) (attended Reconciliation) Sociable BARNETT, - (b. 1754) 1784 MONTEFIORE, Eleazer 1784 MONTEFIORE, Joshua (b. 1761) 1784 COSTA, Solomon G. D' 1800 Solomon's Temple BESTHELOTT, Elie 1725 SEGALAS, Israel 1725 THUSET, Isaac 1725 Somerset House AGUILAR, D' (brother of the Hon. Baron E. L. P. d') (see also Stewards' 1786) SERRA, Isaac (see also Stewards' 1783) AGUILAR, Benjamin D' 1775 AGUILAR, Solomon D' 1775 FRANCO, Jacob 1775 SEQUEIRA, Isaac 1775 (see also Stewards' 1776) FRANCO, Raphael 1776 (see also St. Albans 1774, Shakespeare 1775, Grand Stewards' 1777, Royal 1778) FRANCO, John 1779 LEVY, Moses I. (Ximenes) 1779 (S.G.W. 1785) LOUSADA, E. B. 1779 LOUSADA, E. (Baruch) 1779 or 99? BENJAFIELD, I. 1780 MORON, Isaac 1783 BARNETT, Charles 1785 (see also Friendship 1792)</page><page sequence="51">200 John M. Shaflesley ANGELO, Henry 1790 (see also Stewards' 1801) LYON, William 1794 (see also Stewards' 1798) JELLICO, Joseph 1800 LYON, James, jun. 1800 ANGELO, Henry, jun. (b. 1781) 1801 (President of Board of Grand Stewards 1802) MOSE, James 1811 MEYERS, Frederick 1813 Spinner and Humber, Great Grimsby BENJAMIN, Moses 1811 Spitalfields Lodge, Queen's Head, Paternoster Row MYERS, Henry 1776 SERRE, Michael 1781 ROTTENBURG, - 1779 Star &amp; Garter, Panton Street BENNETT, David 1754 (see also George, Piccadilly, 1755) Star &amp; Garter, St. Martin's Lane, No. 320 COWEN, Alexander 1753 Stewards' (see also Grand Stewards') COSTA, Benjamin da AARON (see also Sugar Loaf No. 251) MEURE, Isaac SHOMBERG, Dr. Meyer 1734 SCH?MBERG, Dr. Isaac, jun. 1735 MENDES, Moses 1737 LOWMAN, Samuel 1738 DAMOUCHEL, David 1739 POLLOCK, Alexander 1739 FRANKS, Ralph SEQUEIRA, Isaac 1776 (see also Somerset House 1775) LEVY, Leyon 1780 PAIBA, John (Grand Sword Bearer) 1781 NUNES, Abraham 1782 SERRA, Isaac 1783 (see also Somerset House) MASSEY, James 1784 MERON, Isaac 1784 (? see also United City 1781) VIRGOE, Francis 1784 GARCIA, A. 1785 AGUILAR, D' 1786 (brother of the Hon. Baron E. L. P. d') (see also Somerset House) FRANCO, Ephraim 1787 (Grand Standard Bearer 1789) MONTEFIORE, Samuel Vita 1788 (see also United City circa 1786) COSSART, J. I. 1789 &amp; 97 MOURSE, Joseph 1789 LAZARUS, A. 1797 LYON, William 1798 (? see also Somerset House 1794) ANGELO, Henry 1801 (see also Somerset House 1790) OSORIO, Abraham 1802 SASTRES, Francis 1804 Strong Man PHILLIPS, John SANSUM, Isaac 1775 ELLIS, Elisha 1778 SANSUM, Isaac 1778 PHILLIPS, Isaac 1781 ABRAMS, John 1783 (see also City Lodge 1772) BARNETT, Richard 1783 (see also Grand Stewards 1796) LOW, Philip 1787 EMANUEL, Solomon 1790 ALEXANDER, Samuel (b. 1766) 1798 LEVY, Eleazer 1798 RAISBECK, Joseph 1798 MANASSE, Dr. L. 1800 COHEN, Lyon 1804 Sugar Loaf, No. 251 AARON (see also Grand Stewards' Lodge) Sun, Southside Street GATLIFF, James 1728 Swan Tavern, Fish Street Hilt BENNETT, Benjamin 1723 PHILLIPS, Daniel 1723 DEVALL, John 1730 Swan, Tottenham High Cross (removed to Three Tuns &amp; Bull Head, Cheapside) GATTCLIFFE, Samuel 1730 Swan and Rummer ALVARES, Jacob (see also Daniel's Coffee House) COSTA, Phillip Mendes Da 1730 DIAS, Jacob 1730 SCHOMBURG, Dr. - 1730 ADOLPHUS, Michael 1731 (see also Crown, Cripplegate 1730) DIAZ (DIAS), Jacob 1731 Temperance BARNETT, - (Treasurer) COEN, - (visited) 1803 BARRETT, - (visited) 1806 (see also Judah) Three Compasses, Silver Street DELVALL, Jeremiah 1725 Three Kings in Spittlefields DALVALLE, Daniel 1730 Three Tuns, Billingsgate SAMPSON, John 1730 Tom's Coffee House, Clare Street ROSE, Joseph 1723 COLEMAN, Mar 1725 Tuscan VALENTINE, Ely 1783 LEVI, - (b. 1764) 1785</page><page sequence="52">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 201 HART, David DAVIS, Benjamin R. 1786 1823 Union LINDO, Isaac. J.G.W. 1813 (see also Moira 1813) Union, Freedom and Ease, Strand HARRIS, William (b. 1748) 1790 VIRGO, Montague Wisdom 1790 KEYSER, Isaac (b. 1778) 1800 LEVIN, I. 1800 LEVIN, Zadik 1800 ROSAS, Coen 1800 SAA, I. de 1800 SAMUEL, Phineas 1800 SAMUEL, S. M. 1800 Union, Jamaica COHEN, Hyman 1796 (see also Caledonian 1786 and Jamaica 1796) Union, Port sea DAVID, Jonas 1811 Union, St. Catherine's near The Tower VALE, Isaac 1800 United City BELIFANTE, S. (b. 1756) BENDELACK, Moses (signed by-laws) HENRIQUES, Jacob NUNES, Abraham (signed by-laws) (see also Caledonian 1783 or 84) DUPREE, James GARCIA, Isaac GARCIA, Moses MENDES, Moses DIAS, Abraham GARCIA, Abraham MATTOS, Abraham de SILVA, Abraham COSTA, John Mendez Da HENDRICKS, Jacob MONTEFIORE, Moses NUNES, Robert GUTTERES (Gauteries), Jacob CASTRO, Daniel de (b. 1754) (see also Mansel Street 1776) LARA, Joshua LINDO, Isaac (b. 1757) MORON, Isaac (see Stewards' 1784) CASTRO, Solomon de (b. 1761) COSTA, Jacob da (b. 1760) COSTA, James da (b. 1760) MATTOS, Charles de MOGADORE, - VENTURA, Isaac XIMENES, Francis AGUILAR, David de (b. 1744) AGUILAR, Joseph de (b. 1763) BARROW, Jacob (b. 1755) before 1768 before 1768 before 1768 1764 1775 1775 1775 1775 1776 1776 1776 1776 1778 1781 1781 1781 1781 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1782 1784 1784 1785 BRANDON, Aaron 1784/5 (signed by-laws) BRANDON, David (b. 1754) 1784 COSTA, Benjamin Mendes Da 1784 FRANCO, Abraham 1784 ISRAELI, Isaac d' 1784 SALOM, Mordechai 1784 CERF, Henry 1785 or 86 DIAS, Dan 1785 ECVER, (EWER ?), Henry 1785 GARCIA, B. (or D.) I. 1785 LEON, David de 1785 BARNETT, Richard circa 1786 BELISARIO, Solomon Mendes (b. 1761) 1786 BRANDON, David Israel 1786 CASTRO, M. de (signed by-laws) 1786 ELKIN, Solomon 1786 LINDO, Jacob 1786 MONTEFIORE, Samuel Vita circa 1786 (see also Stewards' 1788) REUBEN, Hyam Levy 1786 SAMUEL, Israel 1786 SAMUEL, Samuel 1786 VALENTINE, Jos circa 1786 (signed by-laws) XIMENES, Abraham 1786 CONTON( ?), Samuel circa 1787 (signed by-laws) KASKELL, Jacob, jun. 1787 LARA, Benjamin, jun. circa 1787 SILVA, Joshua Gomaz 1787 United Mariners' BARNETT, L. 1800 (see also Judah and Domatic 1785) BARNETT, - (visited) 1801 (see also Joppa) BARNETT, - 1806 BENJAMIN, Abraham 1829 (see also Joppa) United Traders' DABBADIE, Michael 1797 Unity (now No. 183) MEYER, T. (attended Reconciliation) Vacation, Star &amp; Garter, Paddington SCHRAMM, Michael 1790 Vine Tavern, Holborn GOLD, Samuel 1730 REYNER, - 1730 SIMONS, Samuel 1730 CAHIS, Abraham, jun. 1766 CAHIS, Abraham, sen. 1766 Westminster and Keystone ABRAHAMS, H. J. Jordon White Hart, Bow, No. 63 A BENNETT, Joseph 1757 The Windmill, Rosemary Lane DIAS,- 1767</page><page sequence="53">202 John M. Shaftesley No. 3 SHINCKEL, John (see also No. 6, 1777) No. 4 FISHER, David 1759 No. 5 LYON, Martin 1754, 1757 No. 6 MORDECAI, Saul (see also No. 23, 1793) MEYERS, Moses 1771 JACOBS, Joseph 1777 MORSE, -,jun. 1777 NOBLE, Samuel 1777 SHINCKEL, John (joined from No. 3) 1777 No. 8 COSTA, Abraham da FIEF, James CARVALLO, Samuel Nunes 1757/8 HALPHON, Turk (Ezekiel) 1757 POLOCK, Jacob 1757 CARDOZA, Samuel Nunes 1761 CORTISSOZ (or Cordissoz) Emanuel 1761 (see also No. 92, Charlestown, S. Carolina) CARCASS (Corcos (?)), Isaac 1763 AROBUS, Moses (joined from U.S.A.) 1782 MARTIN, David 1782 (see also No. 145) MARTIN, Joseph 1782 (see also No. 145) NETTO, Phineas 1782 (joined from Moderns) SOLOMON, Henry 1784 No. 10 FRANKS, Nathaniel 1753 GOLDSMITH, John 1754 No. U LYON, David 1752 No. 12 (Atholl) COWEN, William 1752 BARNETT, Emanuel 1758 (see also St. David's, Bear's Paw, 1756) No. 13 WOLFE, Israel 1752 ISAACS, Mordecai 1754 JACOBS, Parent 1754 HART, Levi 1755 SOLOMON, Levi 1755 ANGELL, James 1764 No. 14 LEVI, Jacob 1767 No. 15 LYON, David 1755 No. 15 B (first at King's Head, Marylebone Street, and then at Thistle &amp; Crown, Swallow Street CHAPMAN, John 1754-60 BARNETT, John 1759 No. 16 (Atholl) JACOB, Abraham 1753 No. 19 {Atholl) COSTELLO,Jas. 1753 No. 20 BARNETT, Robert 1755 No. 23 POLLOCK, Abraham 1753 LYON, James 1768 JOSHUA, Moses 1791 MORDECAI, Saul 1793 (withdrawn and later joins No. 6) No. 24 FRANKS, William 1754 HART,- 1763 KROHN, Henry 1763 No. 27 JACOBS, Abraham (expelled) 1753 MOSES,- 1761 No. 27 (Atholl) CORDOZA, - 1764 COSTA, Noah Da 1764 H ARSEN, Joshua 1764 MERCELLO,- 1764 MARKS, David 1765 No. 29 SOLOMON, Moses 1812 No. 30 COLEMAN, Daniel 1753 No. 31 HART, John 1760 NATHAN, Jonas 1762 KULICK,- 1769 No. 32 MOSS, Richard 1754 No. 32 (Atholl) DAVID, Isaac 1756 No. 35 FRANKLIN, Philip 1754 TURK, Jacob 1754 No. 36 PHILLIPS, Joseph 1761 No. 37 (Atholl) BARNETT, John 1757 MIERS, Jacob 1764 No. 37 B (Atholl) AZULAY, Emanuel 1763 ANGEL, Abraham 1772 No. 38 MONDET, Abraham 1756 PHILLIPS, John 1756 No. 46 LEVY, Joseph 1810</page><page sequence="54">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 203 No. 50 SIMON, Benjamin 1763 No. 51 DOVE, Isaac 1756 HARRIS, Enoch 1758 No. 54 MEINZIES, Abraham 1756 MEINZIES, William between 1756-64 No. 64 LEVY, Joseph circa 1793 No. 66 (No. 2 of Nova Scotia held at Halifax) DELAVERNIER, Moses 1757 No. 67 (No. 3 of Nova Scotia), King's Arms, George Street, Halifax BRUILS, Michael de 1757 JACOBS, Samuel 1757 No. 68 VALENTINE, B. W. (attended Reconcilia? tion) No. 75 ( 72nd Regiment of Foot) LEVI, Michael 1765 LOTON, Aaron 1765 SAMUEL, Ralph 1765 (see also Newcastle-under-Lyme, No. 109, 1765) No. 77 TOSH, Isaac 1759 No. 81 HART, Simon 1762 LEVI,- 1763 HYAMS,- 1764 No. 101 (15th Battalion Royal Artillery, Captain Eliot's Company) JONAS, John 1812 No. 128 (Atholl) DANIEL, David 1786 No. 136 DAVIS, Samuel 1767 No. 145 MARTIN, David (see also No. 8, 1782) MARTIN, Joseph (see also No. 8, 1782) ABRAHAMS, Abraham 1766 ABRAHAMS, Isaac 1766 ADRON, Elias (mentioned) 1766/68 DINNA, Isaac 1766 HOLLAND, John 1766 ISAACS, Lyon 1766 JACOBS, Samuel 1766 LAZARUS, Henry 1766 LEVI, David 1766 MARKS, Mordecai 1766 MENDOZA, Abraham 1766 MENDOZA, Samuel 1766 PICKERING, Thomas 1766 SOLOMON, Levi 1766 STEVEL, Isaac 1766 WILSON, William 1766 DAVIDS, Baro 1767 (see also Lodge No. 246, 1754) MENDOZA, Solomon 1767 MEYERS, Solomon 1767 DANIEL, Robert 1768 DAVIS, Thomas 1768 DENOA, Samuel 1768 MYERS, Solomon 1768 or 69 ABRAHAMS, Barnet 1769 JOSHUA, Joshua 1769 QACARAIAR (?Zacharia), Isaac 1769 No. 145 A AROBUS, Moses (see also No. 8, 1782) AARON, Solomon 1766 (petitioned for relief 1779) BENJAMIN, Moses 1766 No. 246 {Moderns) DAVIDS, Baro 1759 (see also No. 145, 1767) No. 354 DOVE, Benjamin 1753 No. 370 {Ireland) SAMUELS, Samuel (see also Chichester, No. 35, 1812) No. 400 {Ireland) HART, Joseph (Jacob) (see also Marquis of Granby, Canterbury) [No lodge mentioned] DAVID,- 1723 (appointed Master in place of expected brother) MISAUBIN, Dr. - (Grand Warden) 1732 MAR (?), Masahod dela (b. 1752) DIAS,- 1767 DANZIGER, Moses Samuel 1805 OCCUPATIONS Accompanist DUPLESSIS, John Simon Agent D ABB AD IE, Joseph Daniel</page><page sequence="55">204 John M. Shaftesley DAVID, Abraham DAVID, Isaac Apothecary COOLEY, Daniel DIAS, Daniel GARCIA, Moses MINORS, Jacob Architect ALEXANDER, Daniel (Asher), also Surveyor to Trinity House PHILLIPS, Henry Artist COHEN, Bernard Attorney ISAACS, Abraham MONTEFIORE, Joshua SIMONSON, Richard SYMONDS, John Auctioneer BASS, Samuel Baker COSTELLO,Jas MARTIN, Isaac Bead Merchant CURRY, Moses Bonnetmaker SOLOMON, Lewis (also paper dyer) Bootmaker ROSE, Nathaniel Broker HAES, Andrew Levy de KEYSER, Isaac LEWIS, John MEDINA, Ferdinand de PIFARD, David Butcher HASAN, Josiah PASS, Daniel RODRIQUES, Abraham Saul RODRIQUES, David Button Setter LAZARUS, Aaron Chapman ALEXANDER, Joseph (see also Dealer) BARNETT, Abraham COHEN, Henry (see also Dealer) DAVIS, Michael HARRIS, Isaac ISAACS, Isaac JACOBS, Henry JACOBS, Jacob JACOBS, Samuel JOSEPH, Hyam JOSEPH, Solomon LEVY, Jacob POLACK, Abraham Judah ,, RAPHAEL, Ralph SIMON, Levy Chazan (at Bevis Marks) SALOM, Mordechai Chaser HARRIS, Joseph Clerk KRUSE, Frederick Coal Merchant DIAS, - DIAS, Abraham LINDO, Jacob MYERS, Henry PHILLIPS, Leonard Colourmaker SOLOMON, Henry Comedian JONAS, John Confectioner SILVA, Abraham de Coral Trade SALVADOR, Joseph Cordwainer HARRIS, William Currier ARTOL, - Dealer ALEXANDER, Joseph (see also Chapman) COHEN, Henry COURLAND, Elias Jacob DANIELS, Moses DAVIS, Michael (see also Chapman) HARRIS, Isaac ISAACS, Isaac JACOBS, Henry JACOBS, Jacob JACOBS, Samuel JOEL, Coleman JOSEPH, Solomon (see also Chapman) LEVY, Jacob MORDECAI, Mark MOSES, David MOSES, Henry NATHAN, Henry POLACK, Abraham Judah (see also Chapman) RAPHAEL, Ralph SIMON, Levy</page><page sequence="56">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 205 Distiller GEATOSEX, Thomas Doctor (see also Physician; Surgeon) FISHER, Abraham MANASSE, L. MISAUBIN, - SCH?MBERG, Isaac, Jr. SEQUEIRA, - (2 entries) SEQUEIRA, Isaac SHOMBERG, Meyer Doctor of Medicine FRAZER, Benjamin de Wolf HICKMAN, Nathaniel LEO, Luis MEYER, Joseph Hart SCHOMBURG, Ralph (see also Surgeon) Doctor of Physic ABRAHAM, Myer Draper, wholesale BARNARD, Philip TARRENT, Samuel Druggist BENJAMIN, Abraham HYAMS, Joseph Dyer LIGHTUP, George Farmer MILLBANK, William Farrier LEVY, Isaac Gedken (PJehoachim) Feather Dresser ANDRADE, Moses Finer LEVY, Barnett Fishmonger AARON, Elias JACOBS, Isaac JOSHUA, Moses PIERCE, - Furrier SUFFERSON, Jacob Fustian Dealer DAVIES, David (see also Haberdasher) Gilder MOSES, Richard Glass Seller COHEN, Phillip MORDECAI, Saul Glazier DOVE, Michael (see also Painter) Glover SAMUELL, William Goldsmith CAHIS, Abraham, Junior and Senior Grocer BRANDON, Joseph MENDES, David MONTFORD, Adam Haberdasher DAVIES, David (see also Fustian) Hairdresser CORDOZA, Jacob HYAMS, Moses (see also Perukemaker) Hatter ABRAMS, John DEE, Abraham PHILLIPS, - REDMAN, Samuel Industry COEN, - Insurance Broker MEYER, John Jeweller ABRAHAM, Moses BENJAMIN, Isaac COHEN, Jacob DAVIS, Angeli DAVID (Davis?), Henry LEVY, Joseph LEVY, Samuel MIERS, Moses PHILLIPS, Henry ? Landlord (of Hortun Market) Barnett, - Lanquisher ANODGER, Israel Lapidary FRIEDEBURG, Benjamin Leatherdresser LEVY, Mordecai Linen Draper BARNETT, Richard HARRIS, David DAVIS, Benjamin JACOBS, Gabriel SMITH, William Mariner BENJAMIN, John (Master Mariner)</page><page sequence="57">206 John M. Shaftesley CAVALHO, Josh. (Master Mariner) COHEN, Jacob Hewit HARRIS, Joseph HERTZE, Moses Jacob LEMON, Morris Michel THOMPSON, Samuel Mathematical Instrument Maker MESSER, Benjamin Merchant ABITOBEL, Moses ABRAHAM, Solomon ADOLPHUS, Simon AGUILAR, Benjamin D' AGUILAR, James AGUILAR, Solomon D' ALMOSNINO, Solomon ALVARES, Isaac BARCH, Joseph BARNALL, Abraham BARUCH, Samuel BAUMHAUER, William Jacob BECHTEL, John Abraham BEHRENS, Solomon L. BELISARIO, Aaron Mendes BELISARIO, Solomon BENHAMER, Abraham BENZAQUEEN, Jacob BERKEMEYER, Bernard Philip BLUMENTHAL, J. H. BRANDON, David Israel BRANDON, Jacob Da Fonseca BRAVO, Jacob BRAVO, Joseph Gutteres CAHIS, Samuel D. CARDOZO, Daniel CASSEL, David CASTELLO, - CASTELLO, Moses Nunes CASTRO, Hananel CASTRO, Solomon de COHEN, Andrew COHEN, Benjamin COHEN, David Benjamin COHEN, Emanuel COHEN, Hyman COHEN, Isaac COHEN, Lewis COHEN, Philip, jun. COHEN, Samuel COSTA, Abraham da COSTA, Hananel da COSTA, Isaac Mendes COSTA, J. Mendes COSTA, Jacob da COSTA, Jacob M. da COSTA, John Mendes da COSTA, Joshua Mendes da COSTA, Moses Lindo da COSTA, Moses Mendes da COSTA, Solomon G. d' COSTE, Isaac la, jun. DANIELO, Joseph Elkan DANZIGER, Moses Samuel DAVIS, Elias John DELAVILLE, George Blake DIAS, Francis EGER, Levin ELKIN, Mozely ELKIN, Solomon FRANCO, Ephraim FRANCO, Jacob FRANCO, Joaquin FRIEDMAN, John FRIEDMAN, Lazarus FRIES, Simon Isaac de GARCIA, Abraham GARCIA, Isaac GOLDSCHMIDT, Banie GOLDSMID, Moses Asher GOTTHEIMER, Henry GUTTERES, Moses HAAS, Selig Lehman HART, Joseph HEINE, Meyer HEINEMANN, Lewin HENDRICKS, Jacob HENRIQUES, Aaron HENRIQUES, Jacob HERTWITZ, Simon Wolfe HERTZ, Moses HEYMAN, Henry HINTSEN, John Ludolf ISAACS, George ISAACS, Michael JACOBS, Gabriel (see also Linen Draper) JELLICO, Joseph JOEL, Pass (?Gass), Isaac JONGE, Isaac Jones de KEYSER, Jacob KOHN, George Lewis KROHN, Jacob LARA, Joshua LEVI, - LEVI, Solomon Jacob LEVIN, Bernard Bendix LEVIN, Henry John LEVIN, I. LEVIN, James LEVIN, Meyer LEVIN, William LEVIN, Zadik LEVY, Eleazer LEVY, Jacob Joachim LEVY, Leyon LEVY, Lyon LEVY, Moses Jacob LEVY, Solomon Abraham LEVYS, Philip LIEBMAN, Joseph LINDO, Benjamin LINDO, Isaac LINDO, Isaac (b. 1757)</page><page sequence="58">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 207 LINDO, Moses LINDO, Raphael LINDO, Samuel LOUSADA, Daniel B. LOWE, Jacob Ludwig LUCAS, Nathaniel, jun. LUCAS, Robert LYON, James, jun. MASSIAS, Isaac de Piza MATTOS, Charles de MEIR, Ferdinand MESURIER, Isaac le METZ, Simony MEYER, A. H. MITCHELL, Michael MOLLER, Israel MONTEFIORE, Jacob MONTEFIORE, Moses MORIN, Amant MORON, Isaac MORON, Isaac (b. 1755) MOSELY, John MUZIO, Angelo MYER, Myer Solomon MYERS, Albert MYERS, Jacob NATHAN, Nathaniel NORDEN, Abraham NUNES, Phineas NUNES, Robert OPPENHEIM, Solomon OPPENHEIM, Suzkind Hersch OPPENHEIM, Wulff OPPENHEIMER, Isay PASS, Daniel PEREZ, Joseph PHILIPSON, L. A. (or S. A.) PHILLIPS, Abraham PHILLIPS, Barnett PRADO, Isaac Van Joseph PRAGER, Mark PRAGER, Mark, sen. RAISBECK, Joseph REIS, Heyman RINDSKOPF, Nahum Ber ROBINSON, Marcus ROEYER, Bernard ROSAS, Coen ROTHSCHILD, Nathan Meyer ROZAS, S. C. SAA I. de SALOMONS, Aaron Moses SALOMONS, Pincus SAMSON, Michael, jun. SAMUDA, Abraham SAMUEL, Phineas SAMUEL, S. M. SAMUEL, Samuel SCHLESINGER, M. P. SEBAG, S. SERRA, Isaac SILVA, Abraham SYMONS, Samuel de VALENTINE, Isaac Valentine VANDERVLI ET, - VENTURA, Isaac WAGG, - WALLACH, Lucas Samuel WOLFF, Ernst WULFF, Moses ZEELIGMANN, Bernard Merchants' Clerk NANTES, Daniel Miller JACOBS, John Music Master (see also Professor of Music) DAVIS, Moses Musician BARNETT, Andrew LEON, Henry LEV, Moridt SCHRAMM, Michael Navy Agent ZACHARIAH, Levy Notary NETTO, Phinoas SANDAU, Barnard Van SHABRACQ, Joseph Oilcloth Manufacturer GOULSTON, Joseph Optician BARNETT, - HARRIS, William Orris Maker MENDES, Mordecai Orris Weaver BENQUIS, Joseph BENQUIS, Solomon Painter DOVE, Michael (see also Glazier) Pencutter MOSES, David Penmaker BARS, Samuel Perukemaker COWEN, Alexander HYAMS, Moses (see also Hairdresser) LEVY, Lyon Physician (see also Doctor) ANEYER, John</page><page sequence="59">208 John M. Shqftesley KISGH, Benjamin SEQUEIRA, Isaac Poulterer SPIERS, Samuel VIRGOE, Francis Professor of Music (see also Music Master) POZNANSKI, Leonard Provision Merchant PHILLIPS, Benjamin Publican DAVIS, David Publisher? MOSELEY, Isaac Pugilist? MENDOZA, Daniel (also Tobacconist) Rabbi PORTO, Rev. Moses SIMMONDS, Rev. - Salesman ABRAHAMS, Daniel HART, Abraham JACOB, Abraham School Master EMMANUEL, Lazarus JOACHIM, Naphtally Sea Captain ? SAMSON, Henry Morse XIMENES, Moses Servant to Prince of Wales LUCAS, Benjamin LYONS, Robert Shagreen Card Maker HAMBRIDGE, Thomas Ship's Agent BARINK, Simon JACOBS, Jacob LEVY, Angelo Shoemaker ALEXANDER, Samuel BARNETT, John CARDOZO, Jo. H. COLEMAN, Daniel DUPREE, James LEVY, Benjamin Silversmith HART, Jacob HART, Joseph (Jacob) JACOB, Nathan JOSEPH, Isaac LEE, Isaac LEVY, Jacob MOUNTIGUE, Benjamin RUBENS, Jacob SAMUELS, Samuel SOLOMON, Moses TOBIAS, Morris Slopseller COHEN, Lyon HART, Abraham NATHAN, Henry, jun. Snuff Merchant DELVALLE, Daniel Stationer ASPURNE, James HUFFAM, Joseph SIMMONDS, Humphrey Stockbroker HAES, Andrew de OSORIO, Abraham ? SALOMONSON, Edward Waley VALE, Isaac Stonemason HALL, Richard Sugar Broker KEYSER, Isaac Surgeon (see also Doctor) BALMAIN, William CASTRO, Daniel de CERF, John DIAS, Isaac GARCIA, - GARCIA, David HIGGINS, James MORLEY, Francis OVEN, Joshua Van SCHOMBURG, Ralph, M.D. Tailor ABRAHAMS, Abraham BEDFORD, Michael EMANUEL, Solomon GOLDING, Samuel HARRIS, William LYON, David LYON, Lewis LYON, Saul MORSE, William PHILLIPS, Philip Tallow Chandler ABRAHAMS, Baron Tobacconist CORDOZA, Jacob ELLIS, John MENDOZA, Daniel (also Pugilist)</page><page sequence="60">Jews in English Regular Freemasonry 209 PERES, Isaac RIES, Samuel Toyman BERG, Francis ? Translator LEVI, David Trimming Maker BERG, Francis Upholder DAVISON, Bernard Victualler ABRAHAMS, Abraham BARNETT, Robert HART, David LOW, Philip Vinegar Maker FRANCK, Joseph Mendel Vintner DAVIS, Nathaniel WOOLEY, Abr?m Watchmaker ASHER, Benjamin ASHER, Joseph ASHMEAD, Samuel BENJAMIN, Moses BREARLY, James ISAAC, Michael, jun. JONES, Isaac MAGNUS, Moses MARKS, Samuel PHILLIPS, Philip SAMUEL, Israel TOBIAS, Isaac TOBIAS, Michael TOBIAS, Morrice Weaver CAHAIS, Solomon DISRA(E)L, John Wine Merchant D'ALMEIDA, Joseph GOMEZ, Antony Woollen Draper ABRAHAMS, Barney Woollen Manufacturer FISH, Benjamin ? Writer HARRIS, Moses ISH JEMINI, Solomon Mordecai SOLOMON, Mordecai</page><page sequence="61">PLATE XXI [See 'Jews in Regular English Freemasonry9] ?UfU MICK? AMCNfO?WtU, HUO tmfcfc *?. PM I &lt;L&gt;?&lt;/fey x&gt;c ^/a-M^c jpjf ^^^^^^^ ~" A A D' LOEWESSTARK, W.? At P^f- SOS* ?'?M??ufoctWiigv's?^Oi-: . V' SMITH, Diamond Setter, and MWnle^S^ ler, No. 1, Devekeux Court, Strakd,: -l&amp;f^ik^l ^. blished 1S44. Appointed Medallist to the Gran4 Lod|?~M *0*%f|b. Begs to inform his Masonic brethren and Societies in gener^, that be manufactures every description of Masonic Jewels, Glotaing, Banners, Furniture, &amp;c., for every degree in Freemasonry* Orders1 for exportation strictly attended to. No connexion with any other House. _" _ Above are two examples of a common custom of tradesmen in mid-nineteenth century: the including of drawings of well-known tools used in architecture and masonry in their invoice headings and in advertisements. The first is a reproduction of a bill of the well-known monu? mental masons, J. Samuel &amp; Son (who were also Freemasons); and the second is the small advertisement of another Freemason, A. D. Loewenstark, among the small announcements in the Jewish Chronicle, 28 January 1859, p. 8. This appeared regularly for some time, and in the same column were advertisements from two firms mentioned in the paper on Jewish Free? masons: Silver the confectioner and Defries the gas engineers.</page></plain_text>